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authorJoel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>2020-09-29 22:29:28 +0300
committerPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>2020-11-07 04:02:43 +0300
commita043260740d5d6ec5be59c3fb595c719890a0b0b (patch)
treeed4bedef9d6b2674db9f24e256406656c2a5014e /Documentation/RCU
parent86b5a7381b12b1d1d5558d8087e5bbd04b7cf702 (diff)
downloadlinux-a043260740d5d6ec5be59c3fb595c719890a0b0b.tar.xz
docs: Update RCU's hotplug requirements with a bit about design
The rcu_barrier() section of the "Hotplug CPU" section discusses deadlocks, however the description of deadlocks other than those involving rcu_barrier() is rather incomplete. This commit therefore continues the section by describing how RCU's design handles CPU hotplug in a deadlock-free way. Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/RCU')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst49
1 files changed, 39 insertions, 10 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
index 1ae79a10a8de..8807985a9c35 100644
--- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
+++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.rst
@@ -1929,16 +1929,45 @@ The Linux-kernel CPU-hotplug implementation has notifiers that are used
to allow the various kernel subsystems (including RCU) to respond
appropriately to a given CPU-hotplug operation. Most RCU operations may
be invoked from CPU-hotplug notifiers, including even synchronous
-grace-period operations such as ``synchronize_rcu()`` and
-``synchronize_rcu_expedited()``.
-
-However, all-callback-wait operations such as ``rcu_barrier()`` are also
-not supported, due to the fact that there are phases of CPU-hotplug
-operations where the outgoing CPU's callbacks will not be invoked until
-after the CPU-hotplug operation ends, which could also result in
-deadlock. Furthermore, ``rcu_barrier()`` blocks CPU-hotplug operations
-during its execution, which results in another type of deadlock when
-invoked from a CPU-hotplug notifier.
+grace-period operations such as (``synchronize_rcu()`` and
+``synchronize_rcu_expedited()``). However, these synchronous operations
+do block and therefore cannot be invoked from notifiers that execute via
+``stop_machine()``, specifically those between the ``CPUHP_AP_OFFLINE``
+and ``CPUHP_AP_ONLINE`` states.
+
+In addition, all-callback-wait operations such as ``rcu_barrier()`` may
+not be invoked from any CPU-hotplug notifier. This restriction is due
+to the fact that there are phases of CPU-hotplug operations where the
+outgoing CPU's callbacks will not be invoked until after the CPU-hotplug
+operation ends, which could also result in deadlock. Furthermore,
+``rcu_barrier()`` blocks CPU-hotplug operations during its execution,
+which results in another type of deadlock when invoked from a CPU-hotplug
+notifier.
+
+Finally, RCU must avoid deadlocks due to interaction between hotplug,
+timers and grace period processing. It does so by maintaining its own set
+of books that duplicate the centrally maintained ``cpu_online_mask``,
+and also by reporting quiescent states explicitly when a CPU goes
+offline. This explicit reporting of quiescent states avoids any need
+for the force-quiescent-state loop (FQS) to report quiescent states for
+offline CPUs. However, as a debugging measure, the FQS loop does splat
+if offline CPUs block an RCU grace period for too long.
+
+An offline CPU's quiescent state will be reported either:
+1. As the CPU goes offline using RCU's hotplug notifier (``rcu_report_dead()``).
+2. When grace period initialization (``rcu_gp_init()``) detects a
+ race either with CPU offlining or with a task unblocking on a leaf
+ ``rcu_node`` structure whose CPUs are all offline.
+
+The CPU-online path (``rcu_cpu_starting()``) should never need to report
+a quiescent state for an offline CPU. However, as a debugging measure,
+it does emit a warning if a quiescent state was not already reported
+for that CPU.
+
+During the checking/modification of RCU's hotplug bookkeeping, the
+corresponding CPU's leaf node lock is held. This avoids race conditions
+between RCU's hotplug notifier hooks, the grace period initialization
+code, and the FQS loop, all of which refer to or modify this bookkeeping.
Scheduler and RCU
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~