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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2014-12-14 00:00:36 +0300
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2014-12-14 00:00:36 +0300
commit78a45c6f067824cf5d0a9fedea7339ac2e28603c (patch)
treeb4f78c8b6b9059ddace0a18c11629b8d2045f793 /Documentation/vm
parentf96fe225677b3efb74346ebd56fafe3997b02afa (diff)
parent29d293b6007b91a4463f05bc8d0b26e0e65c5816 (diff)
downloadlinux-78a45c6f067824cf5d0a9fedea7339ac2e28603c.tar.xz
Merge branch 'akpm' (second patch-bomb from Andrew)
Merge second patchbomb from Andrew Morton: - the rest of MM - misc fs fixes - add execveat() syscall - new ratelimit feature for fault-injection - decompressor updates - ipc/ updates - fallocate feature creep - fsnotify cleanups - a few other misc things * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (99 commits) cgroups: Documentation: fix trivial typos and wrong paragraph numberings parisc: percpu: update comments referring to __get_cpu_var percpu: update local_ops.txt to reflect this_cpu operations percpu: remove __get_cpu_var and __raw_get_cpu_var macros fsnotify: remove destroy_list from fsnotify_mark fsnotify: unify inode and mount marks handling fallocate: create FAN_MODIFY and IN_MODIFY events mm/cma: make kmemleak ignore CMA regions slub: fix cpuset check in get_any_partial slab: fix cpuset check in fallback_alloc shmdt: use i_size_read() instead of ->i_size ipc/shm.c: fix overly aggressive shmdt() when calls span multiple segments ipc/msg: increase MSGMNI, remove scaling ipc/sem.c: increase SEMMSL, SEMMNI, SEMOPM ipc/sem.c: change memory barrier in sem_lock() to smp_rmb() lib/decompress.c: consistency of compress formats for kernel image decompress_bunzip2: off by one in get_next_block() usr/Kconfig: make initrd compression algorithm selection not expert fault-inject: add ratelimit option ratelimit: add initialization macro ...
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+page owner: Tracking about who allocated each page
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+* Introduction
+
+page owner is for the tracking about who allocated each page.
+It can be used to debug memory leak or to find a memory hogger.
+When allocation happens, information about allocation such as call stack
+and order of pages is stored into certain storage for each page.
+When we need to know about status of all pages, we can get and analyze
+this information.
+
+Although we already have tracepoint for tracing page allocation/free,
+using it for analyzing who allocate each page is rather complex. We need
+to enlarge the trace buffer for preventing overlapping until userspace
+program launched. And, launched program continually dump out the trace
+buffer for later analysis and it would change system behviour with more
+possibility rather than just keeping it in memory, so bad for debugging.
+
+page owner can also be used for various purposes. For example, accurate
+fragmentation statistics can be obtained through gfp flag information of
+each page. It is already implemented and activated if page owner is
+enabled. Other usages are more than welcome.
+
+page owner is disabled in default. So, if you'd like to use it, you need
+to add "page_owner=on" into your boot cmdline. If the kernel is built
+with page owner and page owner is disabled in runtime due to no enabling
+boot option, runtime overhead is marginal. If disabled in runtime, it
+doesn't require memory to store owner information, so there is no runtime
+memory overhead. And, page owner inserts just two unlikely branches into
+the page allocator hotpath and if it returns false then allocation is
+done like as the kernel without page owner. These two unlikely branches
+would not affect to allocation performance. Following is the kernel's
+code size change due to this facility.
+
+- Without page owner
+ text data bss dec hex filename
+ 40662 1493 644 42799 a72f mm/page_alloc.o
+
+- With page owner
+ text data bss dec hex filename
+ 40892 1493 644 43029 a815 mm/page_alloc.o
+ 1427 24 8 1459 5b3 mm/page_ext.o
+ 2722 50 0 2772 ad4 mm/page_owner.o
+
+Although, roughly, 4 KB code is added in total, page_alloc.o increase by
+230 bytes and only half of it is in hotpath. Building the kernel with
+page owner and turning it on if needed would be great option to debug
+kernel memory problem.
+
+There is one notice that is caused by implementation detail. page owner
+stores information into the memory from struct page extension. This memory
+is initialized some time later than that page allocator starts in sparse
+memory system, so, until initialization, many pages can be allocated and
+they would have no owner information. To fix it up, these early allocated
+pages are investigated and marked as allocated in initialization phase.
+Although it doesn't mean that they have the right owner information,
+at least, we can tell whether the page is allocated or not,
+more accurately. On 2GB memory x86-64 VM box, 13343 early allocated pages
+are catched and marked, although they are mostly allocated from struct
+page extension feature. Anyway, after that, no page is left in
+un-tracking state.
+
+* Usage
+
+1) Build user-space helper
+ cd tools/vm
+ make page_owner_sort
+
+2) Enable page owner
+ Add "page_owner=on" to boot cmdline.
+
+3) Do the job what you want to debug
+
+4) Analyze information from page owner
+ cat /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner > page_owner_full.txt
+ grep -v ^PFN page_owner_full.txt > page_owner.txt
+ ./page_owner_sort page_owner.txt sorted_page_owner.txt
+
+ See the result about who allocated each page
+ in the sorted_page_owner.txt.