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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2013-03-01 07:48:26 +0400
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2013-03-01 07:48:26 +0400
commit2af78448fff61e13392daf4f770cfbcf9253316a (patch)
tree6c0494284dd1dd737d5f76ee19c553618e8d0e54 /Documentation/thermal
parent5e04f4b4290e03deb91b074087ae8d7c169d947d (diff)
parentf5b6d45f8cf688f51140fd21f1da3b90562762a9 (diff)
downloadlinux-2af78448fff61e13392daf4f770cfbcf9253316a.tar.xz
Merge branch 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rzhang/linux
Pull thermal management updates from Zhang Rui: "Highlights: - introduction of Dove thermal sensor driver. - introduction of Kirkwood thermal sensor driver. - introduction of intel_powerclamp thermal cooling device driver. - add interrupt and DT support for rcar thermal driver. - add thermal emulation support which allows platform thermal driver to do software/hardware emulation for thermal issues." * 'release' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rzhang/linux: (36 commits) thermal: rcar: remove __devinitconst thermal: return an error on failure to register thermal class Thermal: rename thermal governor Kconfig option to avoid generic naming thermal: exynos: Use the new thermal trend type for quick cooling action. Thermal: exynos: Add support for temperature falling interrupt. Thermal: Dove: Add Themal sensor support for Dove. thermal: Add support for the thermal sensor on Kirkwood SoCs thermal: rcar: add Device Tree support thermal: rcar: remove machine_power_off() from rcar_thermal_notify() thermal: rcar: add interrupt support thermal: rcar: add read/write functions for common/priv data thermal: rcar: multi channel support thermal: rcar: use mutex lock instead of spin lock thermal: rcar: enable CPCTL to use hardware TSC deciding thermal: rcar: use parenthesis on macro Thermal: fix a build warning when CONFIG_THERMAL_EMULATION cleared Thermal: fix a wrong comment thermal: sysfs: Add a new sysfs node emul_temp for thermal emulation PM: intel_powerclamp: off by one in start_power_clamp() thermal: exynos: Miscellaneous fixes to support falling threshold interrupt ...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/thermal')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/thermal/exynos_thermal_emulation53
-rw-r--r--Documentation/thermal/intel_powerclamp.txt307
-rw-r--r--Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt18
3 files changed, 376 insertions, 2 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/thermal/exynos_thermal_emulation b/Documentation/thermal/exynos_thermal_emulation
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b73bbfb697bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/thermal/exynos_thermal_emulation
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+EXYNOS EMULATION MODE
+========================
+
+Copyright (C) 2012 Samsung Electronics
+
+Written by Jonghwa Lee <jonghwa3.lee@samsung.com>
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+Exynos 4x12 (4212, 4412) and 5 series provide emulation mode for thermal management unit.
+Thermal emulation mode supports software debug for TMU's operation. User can set temperature
+manually with software code and TMU will read current temperature from user value not from
+sensor's value.
+
+Enabling CONFIG_EXYNOS_THERMAL_EMUL option will make this support in available.
+When it's enabled, sysfs node will be created under
+/sys/bus/platform/devices/'exynos device name'/ with name of 'emulation'.
+
+The sysfs node, 'emulation', will contain value 0 for the initial state. When you input any
+temperature you want to update to sysfs node, it automatically enable emulation mode and
+current temperature will be changed into it.
+(Exynos also supports user changable delay time which would be used to delay of
+ changing temperature. However, this node only uses same delay of real sensing time, 938us.)
+
+Exynos emulation mode requires synchronous of value changing and enabling. It means when you
+want to update the any value of delay or next temperature, then you have to enable emulation
+mode at the same time. (Or you have to keep the mode enabling.) If you don't, it fails to
+change the value to updated one and just use last succeessful value repeatedly. That's why
+this node gives users the right to change termerpature only. Just one interface makes it more
+simply to use.
+
+Disabling emulation mode only requires writing value 0 to sysfs node.
+
+
+TEMP 120 |
+ |
+ 100 |
+ |
+ 80 |
+ | +-----------
+ 60 | | |
+ | +-------------| |
+ 40 | | | |
+ | | | |
+ 20 | | | +----------
+ | | | | |
+ 0 |______________|_____________|__________|__________|_________
+ A A A A TIME
+ |<----->| |<----->| |<----->| |
+ | 938us | | | | | |
+emulation : 0 50 | 70 | 20 | 0
+current temp : sensor 50 70 20 sensor
diff --git a/Documentation/thermal/intel_powerclamp.txt b/Documentation/thermal/intel_powerclamp.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..332de4a39b5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/thermal/intel_powerclamp.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+ =======================
+ INTEL POWERCLAMP DRIVER
+ =======================
+By: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
+ Jacob Pan <jacob.jun.pan@linux.intel.com>
+
+Contents:
+ (*) Introduction
+ - Goals and Objectives
+
+ (*) Theory of Operation
+ - Idle Injection
+ - Calibration
+
+ (*) Performance Analysis
+ - Effectiveness and Limitations
+ - Power vs Performance
+ - Scalability
+ - Calibration
+ - Comparison with Alternative Techniques
+
+ (*) Usage and Interfaces
+ - Generic Thermal Layer (sysfs)
+ - Kernel APIs (TBD)
+
+============
+INTRODUCTION
+============
+
+Consider the situation where a system’s power consumption must be
+reduced at runtime, due to power budget, thermal constraint, or noise
+level, and where active cooling is not preferred. Software managed
+passive power reduction must be performed to prevent the hardware
+actions that are designed for catastrophic scenarios.
+
+Currently, P-states, T-states (clock modulation), and CPU offlining
+are used for CPU throttling.
+
+On Intel CPUs, C-states provide effective power reduction, but so far
+they’re only used opportunistically, based on workload. With the
+development of intel_powerclamp driver, the method of synchronizing
+idle injection across all online CPU threads was introduced. The goal
+is to achieve forced and controllable C-state residency.
+
+Test/Analysis has been made in the areas of power, performance,
+scalability, and user experience. In many cases, clear advantage is
+shown over taking the CPU offline or modulating the CPU clock.
+
+
+===================
+THEORY OF OPERATION
+===================
+
+Idle Injection
+--------------
+
+On modern Intel processors (Nehalem or later), package level C-state
+residency is available in MSRs, thus also available to the kernel.
+
+These MSRs are:
+ #define MSR_PKG_C2_RESIDENCY 0x60D
+ #define MSR_PKG_C3_RESIDENCY 0x3F8
+ #define MSR_PKG_C6_RESIDENCY 0x3F9
+ #define MSR_PKG_C7_RESIDENCY 0x3FA
+
+If the kernel can also inject idle time to the system, then a
+closed-loop control system can be established that manages package
+level C-state. The intel_powerclamp driver is conceived as such a
+control system, where the target set point is a user-selected idle
+ratio (based on power reduction), and the error is the difference
+between the actual package level C-state residency ratio and the target idle
+ratio.
+
+Injection is controlled by high priority kernel threads, spawned for
+each online CPU.
+
+These kernel threads, with SCHED_FIFO class, are created to perform
+clamping actions of controlled duty ratio and duration. Each per-CPU
+thread synchronizes its idle time and duration, based on the rounding
+of jiffies, so accumulated errors can be prevented to avoid a jittery
+effect. Threads are also bound to the CPU such that they cannot be
+migrated, unless the CPU is taken offline. In this case, threads
+belong to the offlined CPUs will be terminated immediately.
+
+Running as SCHED_FIFO and relatively high priority, also allows such
+scheme to work for both preemptable and non-preemptable kernels.
+Alignment of idle time around jiffies ensures scalability for HZ
+values. This effect can be better visualized using a Perf timechart.
+The following diagram shows the behavior of kernel thread
+kidle_inject/cpu. During idle injection, it runs monitor/mwait idle
+for a given "duration", then relinquishes the CPU to other tasks,
+until the next time interval.
+
+The NOHZ schedule tick is disabled during idle time, but interrupts
+are not masked. Tests show that the extra wakeups from scheduler tick
+have a dramatic impact on the effectiveness of the powerclamp driver
+on large scale systems (Westmere system with 80 processors).
+
+CPU0
+ ____________ ____________
+kidle_inject/0 | sleep | mwait | sleep |
+ _________| |________| |_______
+ duration
+CPU1
+ ____________ ____________
+kidle_inject/1 | sleep | mwait | sleep |
+ _________| |________| |_______
+ ^
+ |
+ |
+ roundup(jiffies, interval)
+
+Only one CPU is allowed to collect statistics and update global
+control parameters. This CPU is referred to as the controlling CPU in
+this document. The controlling CPU is elected at runtime, with a
+policy that favors BSP, taking into account the possibility of a CPU
+hot-plug.
+
+In terms of dynamics of the idle control system, package level idle
+time is considered largely as a non-causal system where its behavior
+cannot be based on the past or current input. Therefore, the
+intel_powerclamp driver attempts to enforce the desired idle time
+instantly as given input (target idle ratio). After injection,
+powerclamp moniors the actual idle for a given time window and adjust
+the next injection accordingly to avoid over/under correction.
+
+When used in a causal control system, such as a temperature control,
+it is up to the user of this driver to implement algorithms where
+past samples and outputs are included in the feedback. For example, a
+PID-based thermal controller can use the powerclamp driver to
+maintain a desired target temperature, based on integral and
+derivative gains of the past samples.
+
+
+
+Calibration
+-----------
+During scalability testing, it is observed that synchronized actions
+among CPUs become challenging as the number of cores grows. This is
+also true for the ability of a system to enter package level C-states.
+
+To make sure the intel_powerclamp driver scales well, online
+calibration is implemented. The goals for doing such a calibration
+are:
+
+a) determine the effective range of idle injection ratio
+b) determine the amount of compensation needed at each target ratio
+
+Compensation to each target ratio consists of two parts:
+
+ a) steady state error compensation
+ This is to offset the error occurring when the system can
+ enter idle without extra wakeups (such as external interrupts).
+
+ b) dynamic error compensation
+ When an excessive amount of wakeups occurs during idle, an
+ additional idle ratio can be added to quiet interrupts, by
+ slowing down CPU activities.
+
+A debugfs file is provided for the user to examine compensation
+progress and results, such as on a Westmere system.
+[jacob@nex01 ~]$ cat
+/sys/kernel/debug/intel_powerclamp/powerclamp_calib
+controlling cpu: 0
+pct confidence steady dynamic (compensation)
+0 0 0 0
+1 1 0 0
+2 1 1 0
+3 3 1 0
+4 3 1 0
+5 3 1 0
+6 3 1 0
+7 3 1 0
+8 3 1 0
+...
+30 3 2 0
+31 3 2 0
+32 3 1 0
+33 3 2 0
+34 3 1 0
+35 3 2 0
+36 3 1 0
+37 3 2 0
+38 3 1 0
+39 3 2 0
+40 3 3 0
+41 3 1 0
+42 3 2 0
+43 3 1 0
+44 3 1 0
+45 3 2 0
+46 3 3 0
+47 3 0 0
+48 3 2 0
+49 3 3 0
+
+Calibration occurs during runtime. No offline method is available.
+Steady state compensation is used only when confidence levels of all
+adjacent ratios have reached satisfactory level. A confidence level
+is accumulated based on clean data collected at runtime. Data
+collected during a period without extra interrupts is considered
+clean.
+
+To compensate for excessive amounts of wakeup during idle, additional
+idle time is injected when such a condition is detected. Currently,
+we have a simple algorithm to double the injection ratio. A possible
+enhancement might be to throttle the offending IRQ, such as delaying
+EOI for level triggered interrupts. But it is a challenge to be
+non-intrusive to the scheduler or the IRQ core code.
+
+
+CPU Online/Offline
+------------------
+Per-CPU kernel threads are started/stopped upon receiving
+notifications of CPU hotplug activities. The intel_powerclamp driver
+keeps track of clamping kernel threads, even after they are migrated
+to other CPUs, after a CPU offline event.
+
+
+=====================
+Performance Analysis
+=====================
+This section describes the general performance data collected on
+multiple systems, including Westmere (80P) and Ivy Bridge (4P, 8P).
+
+Effectiveness and Limitations
+-----------------------------
+The maximum range that idle injection is allowed is capped at 50
+percent. As mentioned earlier, since interrupts are allowed during
+forced idle time, excessive interrupts could result in less
+effectiveness. The extreme case would be doing a ping -f to generated
+flooded network interrupts without much CPU acknowledgement. In this
+case, little can be done from the idle injection threads. In most
+normal cases, such as scp a large file, applications can be throttled
+by the powerclamp driver, since slowing down the CPU also slows down
+network protocol processing, which in turn reduces interrupts.
+
+When control parameters change at runtime by the controlling CPU, it
+may take an additional period for the rest of the CPUs to catch up
+with the changes. During this time, idle injection is out of sync,
+thus not able to enter package C- states at the expected ratio. But
+this effect is minor, in that in most cases change to the target
+ratio is updated much less frequently than the idle injection
+frequency.
+
+Scalability
+-----------
+Tests also show a minor, but measurable, difference between the 4P/8P
+Ivy Bridge system and the 80P Westmere server under 50% idle ratio.
+More compensation is needed on Westmere for the same amount of
+target idle ratio. The compensation also increases as the idle ratio
+gets larger. The above reason constitutes the need for the
+calibration code.
+
+On the IVB 8P system, compared to an offline CPU, powerclamp can
+achieve up to 40% better performance per watt. (measured by a spin
+counter summed over per CPU counting threads spawned for all running
+CPUs).
+
+====================
+Usage and Interfaces
+====================
+The powerclamp driver is registered to the generic thermal layer as a
+cooling device. Currently, it’s not bound to any thermal zones.
+
+jacob@chromoly:/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device14$ grep . *
+cur_state:0
+max_state:50
+type:intel_powerclamp
+
+Example usage:
+- To inject 25% idle time
+$ sudo sh -c "echo 25 > /sys/class/thermal/cooling_device80/cur_state
+"
+
+If the system is not busy and has more than 25% idle time already,
+then the powerclamp driver will not start idle injection. Using Top
+will not show idle injection kernel threads.
+
+If the system is busy (spin test below) and has less than 25% natural
+idle time, powerclamp kernel threads will do idle injection, which
+appear running to the scheduler. But the overall system idle is still
+reflected. In this example, 24.1% idle is shown. This helps the
+system admin or user determine the cause of slowdown, when a
+powerclamp driver is in action.
+
+
+Tasks: 197 total, 1 running, 196 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
+Cpu(s): 71.2%us, 4.7%sy, 0.0%ni, 24.1%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st
+Mem: 3943228k total, 1689632k used, 2253596k free, 74960k buffers
+Swap: 4087804k total, 0k used, 4087804k free, 945336k cached
+
+ PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
+ 3352 jacob 20 0 262m 644 428 S 286 0.0 0:17.16 spin
+ 3341 root -51 0 0 0 0 D 25 0.0 0:01.62 kidle_inject/0
+ 3344 root -51 0 0 0 0 D 25 0.0 0:01.60 kidle_inject/3
+ 3342 root -51 0 0 0 0 D 25 0.0 0:01.61 kidle_inject/1
+ 3343 root -51 0 0 0 0 D 25 0.0 0:01.60 kidle_inject/2
+ 2935 jacob 20 0 696m 125m 35m S 5 3.3 0:31.11 firefox
+ 1546 root 20 0 158m 20m 6640 S 3 0.5 0:26.97 Xorg
+ 2100 jacob 20 0 1223m 88m 30m S 3 2.3 0:23.68 compiz
+
+Tests have shown that by using the powerclamp driver as a cooling
+device, a PID based userspace thermal controller can manage to
+control CPU temperature effectively, when no other thermal influence
+is added. For example, a UltraBook user can compile the kernel under
+certain temperature (below most active trip points).
diff --git a/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt b/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt
index 88c02334e356..6859661c9d31 100644
--- a/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt
+++ b/Documentation/thermal/sysfs-api.txt
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ temperature) and throttle appropriate devices.
.get_trip_type: get the type of certain trip point.
.get_trip_temp: get the temperature above which the certain trip point
will be fired.
+ .set_emul_temp: set the emulation temperature which helps in debugging
+ different threshold temperature points.
1.1.2 void thermal_zone_device_unregister(struct thermal_zone_device *tz)
@@ -153,6 +155,7 @@ Thermal zone device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
|---trip_point_[0-*]_temp: Trip point temperature
|---trip_point_[0-*]_type: Trip point type
|---trip_point_[0-*]_hyst: Hysteresis value for this trip point
+ |---emul_temp: Emulated temperature set node
Thermal cooling device sys I/F, created once it's registered:
/sys/class/thermal/cooling_device[0-*]:
@@ -252,6 +255,16 @@ passive
Valid values: 0 (disabled) or greater than 1000
RW, Optional
+emul_temp
+ Interface to set the emulated temperature method in thermal zone
+ (sensor). After setting this temperature, the thermal zone may pass
+ this temperature to platform emulation function if registered or
+ cache it locally. This is useful in debugging different temperature
+ threshold and its associated cooling action. This is write only node
+ and writing 0 on this node should disable emulation.
+ Unit: millidegree Celsius
+ WO, Optional
+
*****************************
* Cooling device attributes *
*****************************
@@ -329,8 +342,9 @@ The framework includes a simple notification mechanism, in the form of a
netlink event. Netlink socket initialization is done during the _init_
of the framework. Drivers which intend to use the notification mechanism
just need to call thermal_generate_netlink_event() with two arguments viz
-(originator, event). Typically the originator will be an integer assigned
-to a thermal_zone_device when it registers itself with the framework. The
+(originator, event). The originator is a pointer to struct thermal_zone_device
+from where the event has been originated. An integer which represents the
+thermal zone device will be used in the message to identify the zone. The
event will be one of:{THERMAL_AUX0, THERMAL_AUX1, THERMAL_CRITICAL,
THERMAL_DEV_FAULT}. Notification can be sent when the current temperature
crosses any of the configured thresholds.