summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/Documentation
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorMinchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>2016-07-27 01:23:05 +0300
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2016-07-27 02:19:19 +0300
commitbda807d4445414e8e77da704f116bb0880fe0c76 (patch)
tree4e3b462d23437d7521081758c2005ae0025978f7 /Documentation
parentc6c919eb90e021fbcfcbfa9dd3d55930cdbb67f9 (diff)
downloadlinux-bda807d4445414e8e77da704f116bb0880fe0c76.tar.xz
mm: migrate: support non-lru movable page migration
We have allowed migration for only LRU pages until now and it was enough to make high-order pages. But recently, embedded system(e.g., webOS, android) uses lots of non-movable pages(e.g., zram, GPU memory) so we have seen several reports about troubles of small high-order allocation. For fixing the problem, there were several efforts (e,g,. enhance compaction algorithm, SLUB fallback to 0-order page, reserved memory, vmalloc and so on) but if there are lots of non-movable pages in system, their solutions are void in the long run. So, this patch is to support facility to change non-movable pages with movable. For the feature, this patch introduces functions related to migration to address_space_operations as well as some page flags. If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three functions which are function pointers of struct address_space_operations. 1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode); What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true* if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the page as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the page for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should return *false*. Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields. 2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping, struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode); After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page. The function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via __ClearPageMovable() under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage successfully and returns 0. If driver cannot migrate the page at the moment, driver can return -EAGAIN. On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page migration in a short time because VM interprets -EAGAIN as "temporal migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN, VM will give up the page migration without retrying in this time. Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions. 3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *); If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed page. In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the own data structure. 4. non-lru movable page flags There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page. * PG_movable Driver should use the below function to make page movable under page_lock. void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping) It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family functions which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is not a real flag of struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's lower bits to represent it. #define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2 page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE; so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver should use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping so it can get right struct address_space. For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function. However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page. As well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE (Look at __ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether page is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because LRU pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more expensive checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim. For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function. Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents sudden destroying of page->mapping. Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via __ClearMovablePage under page_lock before the releasing the page. * PG_isolated To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated page as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated non-lru movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate the flag because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that if driver sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by VM so it shouldn't touch page.lru field. PG_isolated is alias with PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag for own purpose. [opensource.ganesh@gmail.com: mm/compaction: remove local variable is_lru] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160618014841.GA7422@leo-test Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464736881-24886-3-git-send-email-minchan@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Gioh Kim <gi-oh.kim@profitbricks.com> Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ganesh Mahendran <opensource.ganesh@gmail.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Rafael Aquini <aquini@redhat.com> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: John Einar Reitan <john.reitan@foss.arm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/Locking4
-rw-r--r--Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt11
-rw-r--r--Documentation/vm/page_migration107
3 files changed, 121 insertions, 1 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking
index 75eea7ce3d7c..dda6e3f8e203 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/Locking
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/Locking
@@ -195,7 +195,9 @@ prototypes:
int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int);
void (*freepage)(struct page *);
int (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter);
+ bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t);
int (*migratepage)(struct address_space *, struct page *, struct page *);
+ void (*putback_page) (struct page *);
int (*launder_page)(struct page *);
int (*is_partially_uptodate)(struct page *, unsigned long, unsigned long);
int (*error_remove_page)(struct address_space *, struct page *);
@@ -219,7 +221,9 @@ invalidatepage: yes
releasepage: yes
freepage: yes
direct_IO:
+isolate_page: yes
migratepage: yes (both)
+putback_page: yes
launder_page: yes
is_partially_uptodate: yes
error_remove_page: yes
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
index c61a223ef3ff..900360cbcdae 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/vfs.txt
@@ -592,9 +592,14 @@ struct address_space_operations {
int (*releasepage) (struct page *, int);
void (*freepage)(struct page *);
ssize_t (*direct_IO)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *iter);
+ /* isolate a page for migration */
+ bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *, isolate_mode_t);
/* migrate the contents of a page to the specified target */
int (*migratepage) (struct page *, struct page *);
+ /* put migration-failed page back to right list */
+ void (*putback_page) (struct page *);
int (*launder_page) (struct page *);
+
int (*is_partially_uptodate) (struct page *, unsigned long,
unsigned long);
void (*is_dirty_writeback) (struct page *, bool *, bool *);
@@ -747,6 +752,10 @@ struct address_space_operations {
and transfer data directly between the storage and the
application's address space.
+ isolate_page: Called by the VM when isolating a movable non-lru page.
+ If page is successfully isolated, VM marks the page as PG_isolated
+ via __SetPageIsolated.
+
migrate_page: This is used to compact the physical memory usage.
If the VM wants to relocate a page (maybe off a memory card
that is signalling imminent failure) it will pass a new page
@@ -754,6 +763,8 @@ struct address_space_operations {
transfer any private data across and update any references
that it has to the page.
+ putback_page: Called by the VM when isolated page's migration fails.
+
launder_page: Called before freeing a page - it writes back the dirty page. To
prevent redirtying the page, it is kept locked during the whole
operation.
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/page_migration b/Documentation/vm/page_migration
index fea5c0864170..18d37c7ac50b 100644
--- a/Documentation/vm/page_migration
+++ b/Documentation/vm/page_migration
@@ -142,5 +142,110 @@ Steps:
20. The new page is moved to the LRU and can be scanned by the swapper
etc again.
-Christoph Lameter, May 8, 2006.
+C. Non-LRU page migration
+-------------------------
+
+Although original migration aimed for reducing the latency of memory access
+for NUMA, compaction who want to create high-order page is also main customer.
+
+Current problem of the implementation is that it is designed to migrate only
+*LRU* pages. However, there are potential non-lru pages which can be migrated
+in drivers, for example, zsmalloc, virtio-balloon pages.
+
+For virtio-balloon pages, some parts of migration code path have been hooked
+up and added virtio-balloon specific functions to intercept migration logics.
+It's too specific to a driver so other drivers who want to make their pages
+movable would have to add own specific hooks in migration path.
+
+To overclome the problem, VM supports non-LRU page migration which provides
+generic functions for non-LRU movable pages without driver specific hooks
+migration path.
+
+If a driver want to make own pages movable, it should define three functions
+which are function pointers of struct address_space_operations.
+
+1. bool (*isolate_page) (struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode);
+
+What VM expects on isolate_page function of driver is to return *true*
+if driver isolates page successfully. On returing true, VM marks the page
+as PG_isolated so concurrent isolation in several CPUs skip the page
+for isolation. If a driver cannot isolate the page, it should return *false*.
+
+Once page is successfully isolated, VM uses page.lru fields so driver
+shouldn't expect to preserve values in that fields.
+
+2. int (*migratepage) (struct address_space *mapping,
+ struct page *newpage, struct page *oldpage, enum migrate_mode);
+
+After isolation, VM calls migratepage of driver with isolated page.
+The function of migratepage is to move content of the old page to new page
+and set up fields of struct page newpage. Keep in mind that you should
+indicate to the VM the oldpage is no longer movable via __ClearPageMovable()
+under page_lock if you migrated the oldpage successfully and returns 0.
+If driver cannot migrate the page at the moment, driver can return -EAGAIN.
+On -EAGAIN, VM will retry page migration in a short time because VM interprets
+-EAGAIN as "temporal migration failure". On returning any error except -EAGAIN,
+VM will give up the page migration without retrying in this time.
+
+Driver shouldn't touch page.lru field VM using in the functions.
+
+3. void (*putback_page)(struct page *);
+
+If migration fails on isolated page, VM should return the isolated page
+to the driver so VM calls driver's putback_page with migration failed page.
+In this function, driver should put the isolated page back to the own data
+structure.
+4. non-lru movable page flags
+
+There are two page flags for supporting non-lru movable page.
+
+* PG_movable
+
+Driver should use the below function to make page movable under page_lock.
+
+ void __SetPageMovable(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping)
+
+It needs argument of address_space for registering migration family functions
+which will be called by VM. Exactly speaking, PG_movable is not a real flag of
+struct page. Rather than, VM reuses page->mapping's lower bits to represent it.
+
+ #define PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE 0x2
+ page->mapping = page->mapping | PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE;
+
+so driver shouldn't access page->mapping directly. Instead, driver should
+use page_mapping which mask off the low two bits of page->mapping under
+page lock so it can get right struct address_space.
+
+For testing of non-lru movable page, VM supports __PageMovable function.
+However, it doesn't guarantee to identify non-lru movable page because
+page->mapping field is unified with other variables in struct page.
+As well, if driver releases the page after isolation by VM, page->mapping
+doesn't have stable value although it has PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE
+(Look at __ClearPageMovable). But __PageMovable is cheap to catch whether
+page is LRU or non-lru movable once the page has been isolated. Because
+LRU pages never can have PAGE_MAPPING_MOVABLE in page->mapping. It is also
+good for just peeking to test non-lru movable pages before more expensive
+checking with lock_page in pfn scanning to select victim.
+
+For guaranteeing non-lru movable page, VM provides PageMovable function.
+Unlike __PageMovable, PageMovable functions validates page->mapping and
+mapping->a_ops->isolate_page under lock_page. The lock_page prevents sudden
+destroying of page->mapping.
+
+Driver using __SetPageMovable should clear the flag via __ClearMovablePage
+under page_lock before the releasing the page.
+
+* PG_isolated
+
+To prevent concurrent isolation among several CPUs, VM marks isolated page
+as PG_isolated under lock_page. So if a CPU encounters PG_isolated non-lru
+movable page, it can skip it. Driver doesn't need to manipulate the flag
+because VM will set/clear it automatically. Keep in mind that if driver
+sees PG_isolated page, it means the page have been isolated by VM so it
+shouldn't touch page.lru field.
+PG_isolated is alias with PG_reclaim flag so driver shouldn't use the flag
+for own purpose.
+
+Christoph Lameter, May 8, 2006.
+Minchan Kim, Mar 28, 2016.