diff options
author | Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com> | 2022-04-29 09:16:15 +0300 |
---|---|---|
committer | akpm <akpm@linux-foundation.org> | 2022-04-29 09:16:15 +0300 |
commit | 60a427db0f80f16b9bb9efe6cc79c93f336e8466 (patch) | |
tree | f75886f85e10f6d040634e0a23f3030ab91b64de /mm | |
parent | 2beea70a3edc03608ecc89b13ba9ba669c56b3fd (diff) | |
download | linux-60a427db0f80f16b9bb9efe6cc79c93f336e8466.tar.xz |
mm/hugetlb_vmemmap: move comment block to Documentation/vm
In preparation for device-dax for using hugetlbfs compound page tail
deduplication technique, move the comment block explanation into a common
place in Documentation/vm.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220420155310.9712-4-joao.m.martins@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Reviewed-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Suggested-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Vishal Verma <vishal.l.verma@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Diffstat (limited to 'mm')
-rw-r--r-- | mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c | 168 |
1 files changed, 1 insertions, 167 deletions
diff --git a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c index 2655434a946b..29554c6ef2ae 100644 --- a/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c +++ b/mm/hugetlb_vmemmap.c @@ -6,173 +6,7 @@ * * Author: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> * - * The struct page structures (page structs) are used to describe a physical - * page frame. By default, there is a one-to-one mapping from a page frame to - * it's corresponding page struct. - * - * HugeTLB pages consist of multiple base page size pages and is supported by - * many architectures. See hugetlbpage.rst in the Documentation directory for - * more details. On the x86-64 architecture, HugeTLB pages of size 2MB and 1GB - * are currently supported. Since the base page size on x86 is 4KB, a 2MB - * HugeTLB page consists of 512 base pages and a 1GB HugeTLB page consists of - * 4096 base pages. For each base page, there is a corresponding page struct. - * - * Within the HugeTLB subsystem, only the first 4 page structs are used to - * contain unique information about a HugeTLB page. __NR_USED_SUBPAGE provides - * this upper limit. The only 'useful' information in the remaining page structs - * is the compound_head field, and this field is the same for all tail pages. - * - * By removing redundant page structs for HugeTLB pages, memory can be returned - * to the buddy allocator for other uses. - * - * Different architectures support different HugeTLB pages. For example, the - * following table is the HugeTLB page size supported by x86 and arm64 - * architectures. Because arm64 supports 4k, 16k, and 64k base pages and - * supports contiguous entries, so it supports many kinds of sizes of HugeTLB - * page. - * - * +--------------+-----------+-----------------------------------------------+ - * | Architecture | Page Size | HugeTLB Page Size | - * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ - * | x86-64 | 4KB | 2MB | 1GB | | | - * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ - * | | 4KB | 64KB | 2MB | 32MB | 1GB | - * | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ - * | arm64 | 16KB | 2MB | 32MB | 1GB | | - * | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ - * | | 64KB | 2MB | 512MB | 16GB | | - * +--------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ - * - * When the system boot up, every HugeTLB page has more than one struct page - * structs which size is (unit: pages): - * - * struct_size = HugeTLB_Size / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE - * - * Where HugeTLB_Size is the size of the HugeTLB page. We know that the size - * of the HugeTLB page is always n times PAGE_SIZE. So we can get the following - * relationship. - * - * HugeTLB_Size = n * PAGE_SIZE - * - * Then, - * - * struct_size = n * PAGE_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE - * = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE - * - * We can use huge mapping at the pud/pmd level for the HugeTLB page. - * - * For the HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping, then - * - * struct_size = n * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE - * = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t) * sizeof(struct page) / PAGE_SIZE - * = sizeof(struct page) / sizeof(pte_t) - * = 64 / 8 - * = 8 (pages) - * - * Where n is how many pte entries which one page can contains. So the value of - * n is (PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pte_t)). - * - * This optimization only supports 64-bit system, so the value of sizeof(pte_t) - * is 8. And this optimization also applicable only when the size of struct page - * is a power of two. In most cases, the size of struct page is 64 bytes (e.g. - * x86-64 and arm64). So if we use pmd level mapping for a HugeTLB page, the - * size of struct page structs of it is 8 page frames which size depends on the - * size of the base page. - * - * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping, then - * - * struct_size = PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(pmd_t) * struct_size(pmd) - * = PAGE_SIZE / 8 * 8 (pages) - * = PAGE_SIZE (pages) - * - * Where the struct_size(pmd) is the size of the struct page structs of a - * HugeTLB page of the pmd level mapping. - * - * E.g.: A 2MB HugeTLB page on x86_64 consists in 8 page frames while 1GB - * HugeTLB page consists in 4096. - * - * Next, we take the pmd level mapping of the HugeTLB page as an example to - * show the internal implementation of this optimization. There are 8 pages - * struct page structs associated with a HugeTLB page which is pmd mapped. - * - * Here is how things look before optimization. - * - * HugeTLB struct pages(8 pages) page frame(8 pages) - * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+ mapping to +-----------+ - * | | | 0 | -------------> | 0 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 1 | -------------> | 1 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 2 | -------------> | 2 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 3 | -------------> | 3 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 4 | -------------> | 4 | - * | PMD | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | level | | 5 | -------------> | 5 | - * | mapping | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 6 | -------------> | 6 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 7 | -------------> | 7 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | - * | | - * | | - * +-----------+ - * - * The value of page->compound_head is the same for all tail pages. The first - * page of page structs (page 0) associated with the HugeTLB page contains the 4 - * page structs necessary to describe the HugeTLB. The only use of the remaining - * pages of page structs (page 1 to page 7) is to point to page->compound_head. - * Therefore, we can remap pages 1 to 7 to page 0. Only 1 page of page structs - * will be used for each HugeTLB page. This will allow us to free the remaining - * 7 pages to the buddy allocator. - * - * Here is how things look after remapping. - * - * HugeTLB struct pages(8 pages) page frame(8 pages) - * +-----------+ ---virt_to_page---> +-----------+ mapping to +-----------+ - * | | | 0 | -------------> | 0 | - * | | +-----------+ +-----------+ - * | | | 1 | ---------------^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - * | | +-----------+ | | | | | | - * | | | 2 | -----------------+ | | | | | - * | | +-----------+ | | | | | - * | | | 3 | -------------------+ | | | | - * | | +-----------+ | | | | - * | | | 4 | ---------------------+ | | | - * | PMD | +-----------+ | | | - * | level | | 5 | -----------------------+ | | - * | mapping | +-----------+ | | - * | | | 6 | -------------------------+ | - * | | +-----------+ | - * | | | 7 | ---------------------------+ - * | | +-----------+ - * | | - * | | - * | | - * +-----------+ - * - * When a HugeTLB is freed to the buddy system, we should allocate 7 pages for - * vmemmap pages and restore the previous mapping relationship. - * - * For the HugeTLB page of the pud level mapping. It is similar to the former. - * We also can use this approach to free (PAGE_SIZE - 1) vmemmap pages. - * - * Apart from the HugeTLB page of the pmd/pud level mapping, some architectures - * (e.g. aarch64) provides a contiguous bit in the translation table entries - * that hints to the MMU to indicate that it is one of a contiguous set of - * entries that can be cached in a single TLB entry. - * - * The contiguous bit is used to increase the mapping size at the pmd and pte - * (last) level. So this type of HugeTLB page can be optimized only when its - * size of the struct page structs is greater than 1 page. - * - * Notice: The head vmemmap page is not freed to the buddy allocator and all - * tail vmemmap pages are mapped to the head vmemmap page frame. So we can see - * more than one struct page struct with PG_head (e.g. 8 per 2 MB HugeTLB page) - * associated with each HugeTLB page. The compound_head() can handle this - * correctly (more details refer to the comment above compound_head()). + * See Documentation/vm/vmemmap_dedup.rst */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "HugeTLB: " fmt |