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-============================================
-Information regarding the Enhanced IDE drive
-============================================
-
- The hdparm utility can be used to control various IDE features on a
- running system. It is packaged separately. Please Look for it on popular
- linux FTP sites.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-.. important::
-
- BUGGY IDE CHIPSETS CAN CORRUPT DATA!!
-
- PCI versions of the CMD640 and RZ1000 interfaces are now detected
- automatically at startup when PCI BIOS support is configured.
-
- Linux disables the "prefetch" ("readahead") mode of the RZ1000
- to prevent data corruption possible due to hardware design flaws.
-
- For the CMD640, linux disables "IRQ unmasking" (hdparm -u1) on any
- drive for which the "prefetch" mode of the CMD640 is turned on.
- If "prefetch" is disabled (hdparm -p8), then "IRQ unmasking" can be
- used again.
-
- For the CMD640, linux disables "32bit I/O" (hdparm -c1) on any drive
- for which the "prefetch" mode of the CMD640 is turned off.
- If "prefetch" is enabled (hdparm -p9), then "32bit I/O" can be
- used again.
-
- The CMD640 is also used on some Vesa Local Bus (VLB) cards, and is *NOT*
- automatically detected by Linux. For safe, reliable operation with such
- interfaces, one *MUST* use the "cmd640.probe_vlb" kernel option.
-
- Use of the "serialize" option is no longer necessary.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-Common pitfalls
-===============
-
-- 40-conductor IDE cables are capable of transferring data in DMA modes up to
- udma2, but no faster.
-
-- If possible devices should be attached to separate channels if they are
- available. Typically the disk on the first and CD-ROM on the second.
-
-- If you mix devices on the same cable, please consider using similar devices
- in respect of the data transfer mode they support.
-
-- Even better try to stick to the same vendor and device type on the same
- cable.
-
-This is the multiple IDE interface driver, as evolved from hd.c
-===============================================================
-
-It supports up to 9 IDE interfaces per default, on one or more IRQs (usually
-14 & 15). There can be up to two drives per interface, as per the ATA-6 spec.::
-
- Primary: ide0, port 0x1f0; major=3; hda is minor=0; hdb is minor=64
- Secondary: ide1, port 0x170; major=22; hdc is minor=0; hdd is minor=64
- Tertiary: ide2, port 0x1e8; major=33; hde is minor=0; hdf is minor=64
- Quaternary: ide3, port 0x168; major=34; hdg is minor=0; hdh is minor=64
- fifth.. ide4, usually PCI, probed
- sixth.. ide5, usually PCI, probed
-
-To access devices on interfaces > ide0, device entries please make sure that
-device files for them are present in /dev. If not, please create such
-entries, by using /dev/MAKEDEV.
-
-This driver automatically probes for most IDE interfaces (including all PCI
-ones), for the drives/geometries attached to those interfaces, and for the IRQ
-lines being used by the interfaces (normally 14, 15 for ide0/ide1).
-
-Any number of interfaces may share a single IRQ if necessary, at a slight
-performance penalty, whether on separate cards or a single VLB card.
-The IDE driver automatically detects and handles this. However, this may
-or may not be harmful to your hardware.. two or more cards driving the same IRQ
-can potentially burn each other's bus driver, though in practice this
-seldom occurs. Be careful, and if in doubt, don't do it!
-
-Drives are normally found by auto-probing and/or examining the CMOS/BIOS data.
-For really weird situations, the apparent (fdisk) geometry can also be specified
-on the kernel "command line" using LILO. The format of such lines is::
-
- ide_core.chs=[interface_number.device_number]:cyls,heads,sects
-
-or::
-
- ide_core.cdrom=[interface_number.device_number]
-
-For example::
-
- ide_core.chs=1.0:1050,32,64 ide_core.cdrom=1.1
-
-The results of successful auto-probing may override the physical geometry/irq
-specified, though the "original" geometry may be retained as the "logical"
-geometry for partitioning purposes (fdisk).
-
-If the auto-probing during boot time confuses a drive (ie. the drive works
-with hd.c but not with ide.c), then an command line option may be specified
-for each drive for which you'd like the drive to skip the hardware
-probe/identification sequence. For example::
-
- ide_core.noprobe=0.1
-
-or::
-
- ide_core.chs=1.0:768,16,32
- ide_core.noprobe=1.0
-
-Note that when only one IDE device is attached to an interface, it should be
-jumpered as "single" or "master", *not* "slave". Many folks have had
-"trouble" with cdroms because of this requirement, so the driver now probes
-for both units, though success is more likely when the drive is jumpered
-correctly.
-
-Courtesy of Scott Snyder and others, the driver supports ATAPI cdrom drives
-such as the NEC-260 and the new MITSUMI triple/quad speed drives.
-Such drives will be identified at boot time, just like a hard disk.
-
-If for some reason your cdrom drive is *not* found at boot time, you can force
-the probe to look harder by supplying a kernel command line parameter
-via LILO, such as:::
-
- ide_core.cdrom=1.0 /* "master" on second interface (hdc) */
-
-or::
-
- ide_core.cdrom=1.1 /* "slave" on second interface (hdd) */
-
-For example, a GW2000 system might have a hard drive on the primary
-interface (/dev/hda) and an IDE cdrom drive on the secondary interface
-(/dev/hdc). To mount a CD in the cdrom drive, one would use something like::
-
- ln -sf /dev/hdc /dev/cdrom
- mkdir /mnt/cdrom
- mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom -t iso9660 -o ro
-
-If, after doing all of the above, mount doesn't work and you see
-errors from the driver (with dmesg) complaining about `status=0xff`,
-this means that the hardware is not responding to the driver's attempts
-to read it. One of the following is probably the problem:
-
- - Your hardware is broken.
-
- - You are using the wrong address for the device, or you have the
- drive jumpered wrong. Review the configuration instructions above.
-
- - Your IDE controller requires some nonstandard initialization sequence
- before it will work properly. If this is the case, there will often
- be a separate MS-DOS driver just for the controller. IDE interfaces
- on sound cards usually fall into this category. Such configurations
- can often be made to work by first booting MS-DOS, loading the
- appropriate drivers, and then warm-booting linux (without powering
- off). This can be automated using loadlin in the MS-DOS autoexec.
-
-If you always get timeout errors, interrupts from the drive are probably
-not making it to the host. Check how you have the hardware jumpered
-and make sure it matches what the driver expects (see the configuration
-instructions above). If you have a PCI system, also check the BIOS
-setup; I've had one report of a system which was shipped with IRQ 15
-disabled by the BIOS.
-
-The kernel is able to execute binaries directly off of the cdrom,
-provided it is mounted with the default block size of 1024 (as above).
-
-Please pass on any feedback on any of this stuff to the maintainer,
-whose address can be found in linux/MAINTAINERS.
-
-The IDE driver is modularized. The high level disk/CD-ROM/tape/floppy
-drivers can always be compiled as loadable modules, the chipset drivers
-can only be compiled into the kernel, and the core code (ide.c) can be
-compiled as a loadable module provided no chipset support is needed.
-
-When using ide.c as a module in combination with kmod, add::
-
- alias block-major-3 ide-probe
-
-to a configuration file in /etc/modprobe.d/.
-
-When ide.c is used as a module, you can pass command line parameters to the
-driver using the "options=" keyword to insmod, while replacing any ',' with
-';'.
-
-
-Summary of ide driver parameters for kernel command line
-========================================================
-
-For legacy IDE VLB host drivers (ali14xx/dtc2278/ht6560b/qd65xx/umc8672)
-you need to explicitly enable probing by using "probe" kernel parameter,
-i.e. to enable probing for ALI M14xx chipsets (ali14xx host driver) use:
-
-* "ali14xx.probe" boot option when ali14xx driver is built-in the kernel
-
-* "probe" module parameter when ali14xx driver is compiled as module
- ("modprobe ali14xx probe")
-
-Also for legacy CMD640 host driver (cmd640) you need to use "probe_vlb"
-kernel paremeter to enable probing for VLB version of the chipset (PCI ones
-are detected automatically).
-
-You also need to use "probe" kernel parameter for ide-4drives driver
-(support for IDE generic chipset with four drives on one port).
-
-To enable support for IDE doublers on Amiga use "doubler" kernel parameter
-for gayle host driver (i.e. "gayle.doubler" if the driver is built-in).
-
-To force ignoring cable detection (this should be needed only if you're using
-short 40-wires cable which cannot be automatically detected - if this is not
-a case please report it as a bug instead) use "ignore_cable" kernel parameter:
-
-* "ide_core.ignore_cable=[interface_number]" boot option if IDE is built-in
- (i.e. "ide_core.ignore_cable=1" to force ignoring cable for "ide1")
-
-* "ignore_cable=[interface_number]" module parameter (for ide_core module)
- if IDE is compiled as module
-
-Other kernel parameters for ide_core are:
-
-* "nodma=[interface_number.device_number]" to disallow DMA for a device
-
-* "noflush=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable flush requests
-
-* "nohpa=[interface_number.device_number]" to disable Host Protected Area
-
-* "noprobe=[interface_number.device_number]" to skip probing
-
-* "nowerr=[interface_number.device_number]" to ignore the WRERR_STAT bit
-
-* "cdrom=[interface_number.device_number]" to force device as a CD-ROM
-
-* "chs=[interface_number.device_number]" to force device as a disk (using CHS)
-
-
-Some Terminology
-================
-
-IDE
- Integrated Drive Electronics, meaning that each drive has a built-in
- controller, which is why an "IDE interface card" is not a "controller card".
-
-ATA
- AT (the old IBM 286 computer) Attachment Interface, a draft American
- National Standard for connecting hard drives to PCs. This is the official
- name for "IDE".
-
- The latest standards define some enhancements, known as the ATA-6 spec,
- which grew out of vendor-specific "Enhanced IDE" (EIDE) implementations.
-
-ATAPI
- ATA Packet Interface, a new protocol for controlling the drives,
- similar to SCSI protocols, created at the same time as the ATA2 standard.
- ATAPI is currently used for controlling CDROM, TAPE and FLOPPY (ZIP or
- LS120/240) devices, removable R/W cartridges, and for high capacity hard disk
- drives.
-
-mlord@pobox.com
-
-
-Wed Apr 17 22:52:44 CEST 2002 edited by Marcin Dalecki, the current
-maintainer.
-
-Wed Aug 20 22:31:29 CEST 2003 updated ide boot options to current ide.c
-comments at 2.6.0-test4 time. Maciej Soltysiak <solt@dns.toxicfilms.tv>