diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
95 files changed, 6519 insertions, 709 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ceaf0f686d4a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-devfreq-event @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/ +Date: January 2017 +Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com> +Description: + Provide a place in sysfs for the devfreq-event objects. + This allows accessing various devfreq-event specific variables. + The name of devfreq-event object denoted as 'event(x)' which + includes the unique number of 'x' for each devfreq-event object. + +What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/name +Date: January 2017 +Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com> +Description: + The /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/name attribute contains + the name of the devfreq-event object. This attribute is + read-only. + +What: /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/enable_count +Date: January 2017 +Contact: Chanwoo Choi <cw00.choi@samsung.com> +Description: + The /sys/class/devfreq-event/event(x)/enable_count attribute + contains the reference count to enable the devfreq-event + object. If the device is enabled, the value of attribute is + greater than zero. diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led index 491cdeedc195..5f67f7ab277b 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led @@ -23,6 +23,23 @@ Description: If the LED does not support different brightness levels, this should be 1. +What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness_hw_changed +Date: January 2017 +KernelVersion: 4.11 +Description: + Last hardware set brightness level for this LED. Some LEDs + may be changed autonomously by hardware/firmware. Only LEDs + where this happens and the driver can detect this, will have + this file. + + This file supports poll() to detect when the hardware changes + the brightness. + + Reading this file will return the last brightness level set + by the hardware, this may be different from the current + brightness. Reading this file when no hw brightness change + event has happened will return an ENODATA error. + What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/trigger Date: March 2006 KernelVersion: 2.6.17 diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac index 6568e0010e1a..46ff929fd52a 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-edac @@ -138,3 +138,20 @@ Contact: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <m.chehab@samsung.com> Description: This attribute file will display what type of memory is currently on this csrow. Normally, either buffered or unbuffered memory (for example, Unbuffered-DDR3). + +What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_ce_count +Date: October 2016 +Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org +Description: This attribute file displays the total count of correctable + errors that have occurred on this DIMM. This count is very important + to examine. CEs provide early indications that a DIMM is beginning + to fail. This count field should be monitored for non-zero values + and report such information to the system administrator. + +What: /sys/devices/system/edac/mc/mc*/(dimm|rank)*/dimm_ue_count +Date: October 2016 +Contact: linux-edac@vger.kernel.org +Description: This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable + errors that have occurred on this DIMM. If panic_on_ue is set, this + counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC will panic the + system diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups index 9b31556cfdda..35c64e00b35c 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-kernel-iommu_groups @@ -12,3 +12,15 @@ Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ contains a number of sub- file if the IOMMU driver has chosen to register a more common name for the group. Users: + +What: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/reserved_regions +Date: January 2017 +KernelVersion: v4.11 +Contact: Eric Auger <eric.auger@redhat.com> +Description: /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/reserved_regions list IOVA + regions that are reserved. Not necessarily all + reserved regions are listed. This is typically used to + output direct-mapped, MSI, non mappable regions. Each + region is described on a single line: the 1st field is + the base IOVA, the second is the end IOVA and the third + field describes the type of the region. diff --git a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt index 98bf7ac29aad..44c6bc496eee 100644 --- a/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt +++ b/Documentation/DMA-attributes.txt @@ -143,3 +143,13 @@ So, this provides a way for drivers to avoid those error messages on calls where allocation failures are not a problem, and shouldn't bother the logs. NOTE: At the moment DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN is only implemented on PowerPC. + +DMA_ATTR_PRIVILEGED +------------------------------ + +Some advanced peripherals such as remote processors and GPUs perform +accesses to DMA buffers in both privileged "supervisor" and unprivileged +"user" modes. This attribute is used to indicate to the DMA-mapping +subsystem that the buffer is fully accessible at the elevated privilege +level (and ideally inaccessible or at least read-only at the +lesser-privileged levels). diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html index 7eb47ac25ad7..d583c653a703 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Data-Structures/Data-Structures.html @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Data Structures [LWN.net]</title> <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> - <p>January 27, 2016</p> + <p>December 18, 2016</p> <p>This article was contributed by Paul E. McKenney</p> <h3>Introduction</h3> @@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ to each other. Accessor Functions</a> </ol> -At the end we have the -<a href="#Answers to Quick Quizzes">answers to the quick quizzes</a>. - <h3><a name="Data-Structure Relationships">Data-Structure Relationships</a></h3> <p>RCU is for all intents and purposes a large state machine, and its diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7c6c90bd02c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/ExpRCUFlow.svg @@ -0,0 +1,830 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!-- Creator: fig2dev Version 3.2 Patchlevel 5e --> + +<!-- CreationDate: Wed Dec 9 17:39:46 2015 --> + +<!-- Magnification: 3.000 --> + +<svg + xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" + xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" + 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height="1425.5687" + width="2748.6331" + y="29.467337" + x="80.17308" /> + <text + sodipodi:linespacing="125%" + id="text4110-5-7-6-2-4-0" + y="841.88086" + x="1460.1007" + style="font-size:267.24359131px;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-align:center;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:0px;word-spacing:0px;text-anchor:middle;fill:#000000;fill-opacity:1;stroke:none;font-family:Sans" + xml:space="preserve"><tspan + y="841.88086" + x="1460.1007" + sodipodi:role="line" + id="tspan4925-1-2-4-5">reched_cpu()</tspan></text> + </g> + </g> +</svg> diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7a3194c5559a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Expedited-Grace-Periods.html @@ -0,0 +1,626 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> + <html> + <head><title>A Tour Through TREE_RCU's Expedited Grace Periods</title> + <meta HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> + +<h2>Introduction</h2> + +This document describes RCU's expedited grace periods. +Unlike RCU's normal grace periods, which accept long latencies to attain +high efficiency and minimal disturbance, expedited grace periods accept +lower efficiency and significant disturbance to attain shorter latencies. + +<p> +There are three flavors of RCU (RCU-bh, RCU-preempt, and RCU-sched), +but only two flavors of expedited grace periods because the RCU-bh +expedited grace period maps onto the RCU-sched expedited grace period. +Each of the remaining two implementations is covered in its own section. + +<ol> +<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Design"> + Expedited Grace Period Design</a> +<li> <a href="#RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods"> + RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a> +<li> <a href="#RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods"> + RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a> +<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug"> + Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a> +<li> <a href="#Expedited Grace Period Refinements"> + Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a> +</ol> + +<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Design"> +Expedited Grace Period Design</a></h2> + +<p> +The expedited RCU grace periods cannot be accused of being subtle, +given that they for all intents and purposes hammer every CPU that +has not yet provided a quiescent state for the current expedited +grace period. +The one saving grace is that the hammer has grown a bit smaller +over time: The old call to <tt>try_stop_cpus()</tt> has been +replaced with a set of calls to <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>, +each of which results in an IPI to the target CPU. +The corresponding handler function checks the CPU's state, motivating +a faster quiescent state where possible, and triggering a report +of that quiescent state. +As always for RCU, once everything has spent some time in a quiescent +state, the expedited grace period has completed. + +<p> +The details of the <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> handler's +operation depend on the RCU flavor, as described in the following +sections. + +<h2><a name="RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods"> +RCU-preempt Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2> + +<p> +The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-preempt +expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram: + +<p><img src="ExpRCUFlow.svg" alt="ExpRCUFlow.svg" width="55%"> + +<p> +The solid arrows denote direct action, for example, a function call. +The dotted arrows denote indirect action, for example, an IPI +or a state that is reached after some time. + +<p> +If a given CPU is offline or idle, <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt> +will ignore it because idle and offline CPUs are already residing +in quiescent states. +Otherwise, the expedited grace period will use +<tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt> to send the CPU an IPI, which +is handled by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>. + +<p> +However, because this is preemptible RCU, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> +can check to see if the CPU is currently running in an RCU read-side +critical section. +If not, the handler can immediately report a quiescent state. +Otherwise, it sets flags so that the outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> +invocation will provide the needed quiescent-state report. +This flag-setting avoids the previous forced preemption of all +CPUs that might have RCU read-side critical sections. +In addition, this flag-setting is done so as to avoid increasing +the overhead of the common-case fastpath through the scheduler. + +<p> +Again because this is preemptible RCU, an RCU read-side critical section +can be preempted. +When that happens, RCU will enqueue the task, which will the continue to +block the current expedited grace period until it resumes and finds its +outermost <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt>. +The CPU will report a quiescent state just after enqueuing the task because +the CPU is no longer blocking the grace period. +It is instead the preempted task doing the blocking. +The list of blocked tasks is managed by <tt>rcu_preempt_ctxt_queue()</tt>, +which is called from <tt>rcu_preempt_note_context_switch()</tt>, which +in turn is called from <tt>rcu_note_context_switch()</tt>, which in +turn is called from the scheduler. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + Why not just have the expedited grace period check the + state of all the CPUs? + After all, that would avoid all those real-time-unfriendly IPIs. +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + Because we want the RCU read-side critical sections to run fast, + which means no memory barriers. + Therefore, it is not possible to safely check the state from some + other CPU. + And even if it was possible to safely check the state, it would + still be necessary to IPI the CPU to safely interact with the + upcoming <tt>rcu_read_unlock()</tt> invocation, which means that + the remote state testing would not help the worst-case + latency that real-time applications care about. + + <p><font color="ffffff">One way to prevent your real-time + application from getting hit with these IPIs is to + build your kernel with <tt>CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y</tt>. + RCU would then perceive the CPU running your application + as being idle, and it would be able to safely detect that + state without needing to IPI the CPU. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p> +Please note that this is just the overall flow: +Additional complications can arise due to races with CPUs going idle +or offline, among other things. + +<h2><a name="RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods"> +RCU-sched Expedited Grace Periods</a></h2> + +<p> +The overall flow of the handling of a given CPU by an RCU-sched +expedited grace period is shown in the following diagram: + +<p><img src="ExpSchedFlow.svg" alt="ExpSchedFlow.svg" width="55%"> + +<p> +As with RCU-preempt's <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt>, +<tt>synchronize_sched_expedited()</tt> ignores offline and +idle CPUs, again because they are in remotely detectable +quiescent states. +However, the <tt>synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt> handler +is <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>, and because the +<tt>rcu_read_lock_sched()</tt> and <tt>rcu_read_unlock_sched()</tt> +leave no trace of their invocation, in general it is not possible to tell +whether or not the current CPU is in an RCU read-side critical section. +The best that <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> can do is to check +for idle, on the off-chance that the CPU went idle while the IPI +was in flight. +If the CPU is idle, then tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> reports +the quiescent state. + +<p> +Otherwise, the handler invokes <tt>resched_cpu()</tt>, which forces +a future context switch. +At the time of the context switch, the CPU reports the quiescent state. +Should the CPU go offline first, it will report the quiescent state +at that time. + +<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug"> +Expedited Grace Period and CPU Hotplug</a></h2> + +<p> +The expedited nature of expedited grace periods require a much tighter +interaction with CPU hotplug operations than is required for normal +grace periods. +In addition, attempting to IPI offline CPUs will result in splats, but +failing to IPI online CPUs can result in too-short grace periods. +Neither option is acceptable in production kernels. + +<p> +The interaction between expedited grace periods and CPU hotplug operations +is carried out at several levels: + +<ol> +<li> The number of CPUs that have ever been online is tracked + by the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus</tt> + field. + The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus_snap</tt> + field tracks the number of CPUs that have ever been online + at the beginning of an RCU expedited grace period. + Note that this number never decreases, at least in the absence + of a time machine. +<li> The identities of the CPUs that have ever been online is + tracked by the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's + <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> field. + The <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt> + field tracks the identities of the CPUs that were online + at least once at the beginning of the most recent RCU + expedited grace period. + The <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's <tt>->ncpus</tt> and + <tt>->ncpus_snap</tt> fields are used to detect when + new CPUs have come online for the first time, that is, + when the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> + field has changed since the beginning of the last RCU + expedited grace period, which triggers an update of each + <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt> + field from its <tt>->expmaskinitnext</tt> field. +<li> Each <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->expmaskinit</tt> + field is used to initialize that structure's + <tt>->expmask</tt> at the beginning of each RCU + expedited grace period. + This means that only those CPUs that have been online at least + once will be considered for a given grace period. +<li> Any CPU that goes offline will clear its bit in its leaf + <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's <tt>->qsmaskinitnext</tt> + field, so any CPU with that bit clear can safely be ignored. + However, it is possible for a CPU coming online or going offline + to have this bit set for some time while <tt>cpu_online</tt> + returns <tt>false</tt>. +<li> For each non-idle CPU that RCU believes is currently online, the grace + period invokes <tt>smp_call_function_single()</tt>. + If this succeeds, the CPU was fully online. + Failure indicates that the CPU is in the process of coming online + or going offline, in which case it is necessary to wait for a + short time period and try again. + The purpose of this wait (or series of waits, as the case may be) + is to permit a concurrent CPU-hotplug operation to complete. +<li> In the case of RCU-sched, one of the last acts of an outgoing CPU + is to invoke <tt>rcu_report_dead()</tt>, which + reports a quiescent state for that CPU. + However, this is likely paranoia-induced redundancy. <!-- @@@ --> +</ol> + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + Why all the dancing around with multiple counters and masks + tracking CPUs that were once online? + Why not just have a single set of masks tracking the currently + online CPUs and be done with it? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + Maintaining single set of masks tracking the online CPUs <i>sounds</i> + easier, at least until you try working out all the race conditions + between grace-period initialization and CPU-hotplug operations. + For example, suppose initialization is progressing down the + tree while a CPU-offline operation is progressing up the tree. + This situation can result in bits set at the top of the tree + that have no counterparts at the bottom of the tree. + Those bits will never be cleared, which will result in + grace-period hangs. + In short, that way lies madness, to say nothing of a great many + bugs, hangs, and deadlocks. + + <p><font color="ffffff"> + In contrast, the current multi-mask multi-counter scheme ensures + that grace-period initialization will always see consistent masks + up and down the tree, which brings significant simplifications + over the single-mask method. + + <p><font color="ffffff"> + This is an instance of + <a href="http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~library/TR-repository/reports/reports-1992/cucs-039-92.ps.gz"><font color="ffffff"> + deferring work in order to avoid synchronization</a>. + Lazily recording CPU-hotplug events at the beginning of the next + grace period greatly simplifies maintenance of the CPU-tracking + bitmasks in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<h2><a name="Expedited Grace Period Refinements"> +Expedited Grace Period Refinements</a></h2> + +<ol> +<li> <a href="#Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU checks</a>. +<li> <a href="#Batching via Sequence Counter"> + Batching via sequence counter</a>. +<li> <a href="#Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup"> + Funnel locking and wait/wakeup</a>. +<li> <a href="#Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a>. +<li> <a href="#Stall Warnings">Stall warnings</a>. +</ol> + +<h3><a name="Idle-CPU Checks">Idle-CPU Checks</a></h3> + +<p> +Each expedited grace period checks for idle CPUs when initially forming +the mask of CPUs to be IPIed and again just before IPIing a CPU +(both checks are carried out by <tt>sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus()</tt>). +If the CPU is idle at any time between those two times, the CPU will +not be IPIed. +Instead, the task pushing the grace period forward will include the +idle CPUs in the mask passed to <tt>rcu_report_exp_cpu_mult()</tt>. + +<p> +For RCU-sched, there is an additional check for idle in the IPI +handler, <tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt>. +If the IPI has interrupted the idle loop, then +<tt>sync_sched_exp_handler()</tt> invokes <tt>rcu_report_exp_rdp()</tt> +to report the corresponding quiescent state. + +<p> +For RCU-preempt, there is no specific check for idle in the +IPI handler (<tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt>), but because +RCU read-side critical sections are not permitted within the +idle loop, if <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> sees that the CPU is within +RCU read-side critical section, the CPU cannot possibly be idle. +Otherwise, <tt>sync_rcu_exp_handler()</tt> invokes +<tt>rcu_report_exp_rdp()</tt> to report the corresponding quiescent +state, regardless of whether or not that quiescent state was due to +the CPU being idle. + +<p> +In summary, RCU expedited grace periods check for idle when building +the bitmask of CPUs that must be IPIed, just before sending each IPI, +and (either explicitly or implicitly) within the IPI handler. + +<h3><a name="Batching via Sequence Counter"> +Batching via Sequence Counter</a></h3> + +<p> +If each grace-period request was carried out separately, expedited +grace periods would have abysmal scalability and +problematic high-load characteristics. +Because each grace-period operation can serve an unlimited number of +updates, it is important to <i>batch</i> requests, so that a single +expedited grace-period operation will cover all requests in the +corresponding batch. + +<p> +This batching is controlled by a sequence counter named +<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> in the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure. +This counter has an odd value when there is an expedited grace period +in progress and an even value otherwise, so that dividing the counter +value by two gives the number of completed grace periods. +During any given update request, the counter must transition from +even to odd and then back to even, thus indicating that a grace +period has elapsed. +Therefore, if the initial value of the counter is <tt>s</tt>, +the updater must wait until the counter reaches at least the +value <tt>(s+3)&~0x1</tt>. +This counter is managed by the following access functions: + +<ol> +<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_start()</tt>, which marks the start of + an expedited grace period. +<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_end()</tt>, which marks the end of an + expedited grace period. +<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()</tt>, which obtains a snapshot of + the counter. +<li> <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_done()</tt>, which returns <tt>true</tt> + if a full expedited grace period has elapsed since the + corresponding call to <tt>rcu_exp_gp_seq_snap()</tt>. +</ol> + +<p> +Again, only one request in a given batch need actually carry out +a grace-period operation, which means there must be an efficient +way to identify which of many concurrent reqeusts will initiate +the grace period, and that there be an efficient way for the +remaining requests to wait for that grace period to complete. +However, that is the topic of the next section. + +<h3><a name="Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup"> +Funnel Locking and Wait/Wakeup</a></h3> + +<p> +The natural way to sort out which of a batch of updaters will initiate +the expedited grace period is to use the <tt>rcu_node</tt> combining +tree, as implemented by the <tt>exp_funnel_lock()</tt> function. +The first updater corresponding to a given grace period arriving +at a given <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure records its desired grace-period +sequence number in the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field and moves up +to the next level in the tree. +Otherwise, if the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field already contains +the sequence number for the desired grace period or some later one, +the updater blocks on one of four wait queues in the +<tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array, using the second-from-bottom +and third-from bottom bits as an index. +An <tt>->exp_lock</tt> field in the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure +synchronizes access to these fields. + +<p> +An empty <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree is shown in the following diagram, +with the white cells representing the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field +and the red cells representing the elements of the +<tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array. + +<p><img src="Funnel0.svg" alt="Funnel0.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +The next diagram shows the situation after the arrival of Task A +and Task B at the leftmost and rightmost leaf <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structures, respectively. +The current value of the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's +<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> field is zero, so adding three and +clearing the bottom bit results in the value two, which both tasks +record in the <tt>->exp_seq_rq</tt> field of their respective +<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures: + +<p><img src="Funnel1.svg" alt="Funnel1.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Each of Tasks A and B will move up to the root +<tt>rcu_node</tt> structure. +Suppose that Task A wins, recording its desired grace-period sequence +number and resulting in the state shown below: + +<p><img src="Funnel2.svg" alt="Funnel2.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Task A now advances to initiate a new grace period, while Task B +moves up to the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure, and, seeing that +its desired sequence number is already recorded, blocks on +<tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + Why <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>? + Given that the value of these tasks' desired sequence number is + two, so shouldn't they instead block on <tt>->exp_wq[2]</tt>? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + No. + + <p><font color="ffffff"> + Recall that the bottom bit of the desired sequence number indicates + whether or not a grace period is currently in progress. + It is therefore necessary to shift the sequence number right one + bit position to obtain the number of the grace period. + This results in <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt>. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<p> +If Tasks C and D also arrive at this point, they will compute the +same desired grace-period sequence number, and see that both leaf +<tt>rcu_node</tt> structures already have that value recorded. +They will therefore block on their respective <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structures' <tt>->exp_wq[1]</tt> fields, as shown below: + +<p><img src="Funnel3.svg" alt="Funnel3.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Task A now acquires the <tt>rcu_state</tt> structure's +<tt>->exp_mutex</tt> and initiates the grace period, which +increments <tt>->expedited_sequence</tt>. +Therefore, if Tasks E and F arrive, they will compute +a desired sequence number of 4 and will record this value as +shown below: + +<p><img src="Funnel4.svg" alt="Funnel4.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Tasks E and F will propagate up the <tt>rcu_node</tt> +combining tree, with Task F blocking on the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> +structure and Task E wait for Task A to finish so that +it can start the next grace period. +The resulting state is as shown below: + +<p><img src="Funnel5.svg" alt="Funnel5.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Once the grace period completes, Task A +starts waking up the tasks waiting for this grace period to complete, +increments the <tt>->expedited_sequence</tt>, +acquires the <tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> and then releases the +<tt>->exp_mutex</tt>. +This results in the following state: + +<p><img src="Funnel6.svg" alt="Funnel6.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Task E can then acquire <tt>->exp_mutex</tt> and increment +<tt>->expedited_sequence</tt> to the value three. +If new tasks G and H arrive and moves up the combining tree at the +same time, the state will be as follows: + +<p><img src="Funnel7.svg" alt="Funnel7.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Note that three of the root <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure's +waitqueues are now occupied. +However, at some point, Task A will wake up the +tasks blocked on the <tt>->exp_wq</tt> waitqueues, resulting +in the following state: + +<p><img src="Funnel8.svg" alt="Funnel8.svg" width="75%"> + +<p> +Execution will continue with Tasks E and H completing +their grace periods and carrying out their wakeups. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + What happens if Task A takes so long to do its wakeups + that Task E's grace period completes? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + Then Task E will block on the <tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt>, + which will also prevent it from releasing <tt>->exp_mutex</tt>, + which in turn will prevent the next grace period from starting. + This last is important in preventing overflow of the + <tt>->exp_wq[]</tt> array. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +<h3><a name="Use of Workqueues">Use of Workqueues</a></h3> + +<p> +In earlier implementations, the task requesting the expedited +grace period also drove it to completion. +This straightforward approach had the disadvantage of needing to +account for signals sent to user tasks, +so more recent implemementations use the Linux kernel's +<a href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/workqueue.txt">workqueues</a>. + +<p> +The requesting task still does counter snapshotting and funnel-lock +processing, but the task reaching the top of the funnel lock +does a <tt>schedule_work()</tt> (from <tt>_synchronize_rcu_expedited()</tt> +so that a workqueue kthread does the actual grace-period processing. +Because workqueue kthreads do not accept signals, grace-period-wait +processing need not allow for signals. + +In addition, this approach allows wakeups for the previous expedited +grace period to be overlapped with processing for the next expedited +grace period. +Because there are only four sets of waitqueues, it is necessary to +ensure that the previous grace period's wakeups complete before the +next grace period's wakeups start. +This is handled by having the <tt>->exp_mutex</tt> +guard expedited grace-period processing and the +<tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> guard wakeups. +The key point is that the <tt>->exp_mutex</tt> is not released +until the first wakeup is complete, which means that the +<tt>->exp_wake_mutex</tt> has already been acquired at that point. +This approach ensures that the previous grace period's wakeups can +be carried out while the current grace period is in process, but +that these wakeups will complete before the next grace period starts. +This means that only three waitqueues are required, guaranteeing that +the four that are provided are sufficient. + +<h3><a name="Stall Warnings">Stall Warnings</a></h3> + +<p> +Expediting grace periods does nothing to speed things up when RCU +readers take too long, and therefore expedited grace periods check +for stalls just as normal grace periods do. + +<table> +<tr><th> </th></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Quick Quiz:</th></tr> +<tr><td> + But why not just let the normal grace-period machinery + detect the stalls, given that a given reader must block + both normal and expedited grace periods? +</td></tr> +<tr><th align="left">Answer:</th></tr> +<tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff"><font color="ffffff"> + Because it is quite possible that at a given time there + is no normal grace period in progress, in which case the + normal grace period cannot emit a stall warning. +</font></td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> +</table> + +The <tt>synchronize_sched_expedited_wait()</tt> function loops waiting +for the expedited grace period to end, but with a timeout set to the +current RCU CPU stall-warning time. +If this time is exceeded, any CPUs or <tt>rcu_node</tt> structures +blocking the current grace period are printed. +Each stall warning results in another pass through the loop, but the +second and subsequent passes use longer stall times. + +<h3><a name="Summary"> +Summary</a></h3> + +<p> +Expedited grace periods use a sequence-number approach to promote +batching, so that a single grace-period operation can serve numerous +requests. +A funnel lock is used to efficiently identify the one task out of +a concurrent group that will request the grace period. +All members of the group will block on waitqueues provided in +the <tt>rcu_node</tt> structure. +The actual grace-period processing is carried out by a workqueue. + +<p> +CPU-hotplug operations are noted lazily in order to prevent the need +for tight synchronization between expedited grace periods and +CPU-hotplug operations. +The dyntick-idle counters are used to avoid sending IPIs to idle CPUs, +at least in the common case. +RCU-preempt and RCU-sched use different IPI handlers and different +code to respond to the state changes carried out by those handlers, +but otherwise use common code. + +<p> +Quiescent states are tracked using the <tt>rcu_node</tt> tree, +and once all necessary quiescent states have been reported, +all tasks waiting on this expedited grace period are awakened. +A pair of mutexes are used to allow one grace period's wakeups +to proceed concurrently with the next grace period's processing. + +<p> +This combination of mechanisms allows expedited grace periods to +run reasonably efficiently. +However, for non-time-critical tasks, normal grace periods should be +used instead because their longer duration permits much higher +degrees of batching, and thus much lower per-request overheads. + +</body></html> diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..98af66557908 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Expedited-Grace-Periods/Funnel0.svg @@ -0,0 +1,275 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --> + +<svg + xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" + xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" + xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" + xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" 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b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html index 39bcb74ea733..21593496aca6 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html +++ b/Documentation/RCU/Design/Requirements/Requirements.html @@ -1480,7 +1480,7 @@ speed-of-light delays if nothing else. <p> Furthermore, uncertainty about external state is inherent in many cases. -For example, a pair of veternarians might use heartbeat to determine +For example, a pair of veterinarians might use heartbeat to determine whether or not a given cat was alive. But how long should they wait after the last heartbeat to decide that the cat is in fact dead? @@ -1489,9 +1489,9 @@ mean that a relaxed cat would be considered to cycle between death and life more than 100 times per minute. Moreover, just as with human beings, a cat's heart might stop for some period of time, so the exact wait period is a judgment call. -One of our pair of veternarians might wait 30 seconds before pronouncing +One of our pair of veterinarians might wait 30 seconds before pronouncing the cat dead, while the other might insist on waiting a full minute. -The two veternarians would then disagree on the state of the cat during +The two veterinarians would then disagree on the state of the cat during the final 30 seconds of the minute following the last heartbeat. <p> @@ -1945,7 +1945,7 @@ guard against mishaps and misuse: <ol> <li> It is all too easy to forget to use <tt>rcu_read_lock()</tt> everywhere that it is needed, so kernels built with - <tt>CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y</tt> will spat if + <tt>CONFIG_PROVE_RCU=y</tt> will splat if <tt>rcu_dereference()</tt> is used outside of an RCU read-side critical section. Update-side code can use <tt>rcu_dereference_protected()</tt>, @@ -2421,7 +2421,7 @@ However, there are some restrictions on the code placed within <li> Blocking is prohibited. In practice, this is not a serious restriction given that idle tasks are prohibited from blocking to begin with. -<li> Although nesting <tt>RCU_NONIDLE()</tt> is permited, they cannot +<li> Although nesting <tt>RCU_NONIDLE()</tt> is permitted, they cannot nest indefinitely deeply. However, given that they can be nested on the order of a million deep, even on 32-bit systems, this should not be a serious @@ -2885,7 +2885,7 @@ APIs for defining and initializing <tt>srcu_struct</tt> structures. <h3><a name="Tasks RCU">Tasks RCU</a></h3> <p> -Some forms of tracing use “tramopolines” to handle the +Some forms of tracing use “trampolines” to handle the binary rewriting required to install different types of probes. It would be good to be able to free old trampolines, which sounds like a job for some form of RCU. diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt b/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt index 00a3a38b375a..6549012033f9 100644 --- a/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt +++ b/Documentation/RCU/trace.txt @@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ o "ktl" is the low-order 16 bits (in hexadecimal) of the count of The output of "cat rcu/rcu_preempt/rcuexp" looks as follows: -s=21872 wd1=0 wd2=0 wd3=5 n=0 enq=0 sc=21872 +s=21872 wd1=0 wd2=0 wd3=5 enq=0 sc=21872 These fields are as follows: @@ -249,9 +249,6 @@ o "wd1", "wd2", and "wd3" are the number of times that an attempt completed an expedited grace period that satisfies the attempted request. "Our work is done." -o "n" is number of times that a concurrent CPU-hotplug operation - forced a fallback to a normal grace period. - o "enq" is the number of quiescent states still outstanding. o "sc" is the number of times that the attempt to start a diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt index be7c0d9506b1..635d11135090 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -549,15 +549,6 @@ loops can be debugged more effectively on production systems. - clocksource.arm_arch_timer.fsl-a008585= - [ARM64] - Format: <bool> - Enable/disable the workaround of Freescale/NXP - erratum A-008585. This can be useful for KVM - guests, if the guest device tree doesn't show the - erratum. If unspecified, the workaround is - enabled based on the device tree. - clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86] Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit @@ -3278,6 +3269,13 @@ Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can prove do nothing more than free memory. + rcutree.rcu_kick_kthreads= [KNL] + Cause the grace-period kthread to get an extra + wake_up() if it sleeps three times longer than + it should at force-quiescent-state time. + This wake_up() will be accompanied by a + WARN_ONCE() splat and an ftrace_dump(). + rcuperf.gp_exp= [KNL] Measure performance of expedited synchronous grace-period primitives. @@ -3563,6 +3561,10 @@ rhash_entries= [KNL,NET] Set number of hash buckets for route cache + ring3mwait=disable + [KNL] Disable ring 3 MONITOR/MWAIT feature on supported + CPUs. + ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot rodata= [KNL] diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst index d71340e86c27..9939348bd4a3 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/ras.rst @@ -438,11 +438,13 @@ A typical EDAC system has the following structure under │ │ ├── ce_count │ │ ├── ce_noinfo_count │ │ ├── dimm0 + │ │ │ ├── dimm_ce_count │ │ │ ├── dimm_dev_type │ │ │ ├── dimm_edac_mode │ │ │ ├── dimm_label │ │ │ ├── dimm_location │ │ │ ├── dimm_mem_type + │ │ │ ├── dimm_ue_count │ │ │ ├── size │ │ │ └── uevent │ │ ├── max_location @@ -457,11 +459,13 @@ A typical EDAC system has the following structure under │ │ ├── ce_count │ │ ├── ce_noinfo_count │ │ ├── dimm0 + │ │ │ ├── dimm_ce_count │ │ │ ├── dimm_dev_type │ │ │ ├── dimm_edac_mode │ │ │ ├── dimm_label │ │ │ ├── dimm_location │ │ │ ├── dimm_mem_type + │ │ │ ├── dimm_ue_count │ │ │ ├── size │ │ │ └── uevent │ │ ├── max_location @@ -483,6 +487,22 @@ this ``X`` memory module: This attribute file displays, in count of megabytes, the memory that this csrow contains. +- ``dimm_ue_count`` - Uncorrectable Errors count attribute file + + This attribute file displays the total count of uncorrectable + errors that have occurred on this DIMM. If panic_on_ue is set + this counter will not have a chance to increment, since EDAC + will panic the system. + +- ``dimm_ce_count`` - Correctable Errors count attribute file + + This attribute file displays the total count of correctable + errors that have occurred on this DIMM. This count is very + important to examine. CEs provide early indications that a + DIMM is beginning to fail. This count field should be + monitored for non-zero values and report such information + to the system administrator. + - ``dimm_dev_type`` - Device type attribute file This attribute file will display what type of DRAM device is diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/core.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/core.txt index 4bc7287806de..978463a7c81e 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/core.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/core.txt @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de> David Kimdon <dwhedon@debian.org> + Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> + Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> @@ -36,10 +38,11 @@ speed limits (like LCD drivers on ARM architecture). Additionally, the kernel "constant" loops_per_jiffy is updated on frequency changes here. -Reference counting is done by cpufreq_get_cpu and cpufreq_put_cpu, -which make sure that the cpufreq processor driver is correctly -registered with the core, and will not be unloaded until -cpufreq_put_cpu is called. +Reference counting of the cpufreq policies is done by cpufreq_cpu_get +and cpufreq_cpu_put, which make sure that the cpufreq driver is +correctly registered with the core, and will not be unloaded until +cpufreq_put_cpu is called. That also ensures that the respective cpufreq +policy doesn't get freed while being used. 2. CPUFreq notifiers ==================== @@ -69,18 +72,16 @@ CPUFreq policy notifier is called twice for a policy transition: The phase is specified in the second argument to the notifier. The third argument, a void *pointer, points to a struct cpufreq_policy -consisting of five values: cpu, min, max, policy and max_cpu_freq. min -and max are the lower and upper frequencies (in kHz) of the new -policy, policy the new policy, cpu the number of the affected CPU; and -max_cpu_freq the maximum supported CPU frequency. This value is given -for informational purposes only. +consisting of several values, including min, max (the lower and upper +frequencies (in kHz) of the new policy). 2.2 CPUFreq transition notifiers -------------------------------- -These are notified twice when the CPUfreq driver switches the CPU core -frequency and this change has any external implications. +These are notified twice for each online CPU in the policy, when the +CPUfreq driver switches the CPU core frequency and this change has no +any external implications. The second argument specifies the phase - CPUFREQ_PRECHANGE or CPUFREQ_POSTCHANGE. @@ -90,6 +91,7 @@ values: cpu - number of the affected CPU old - old frequency new - new frequency +flags - flags of the cpufreq driver 3. CPUFreq Table Generation with Operating Performance Point (OPP) ================================================================== diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpu-drivers.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpu-drivers.txt index 772b94fde264..f71e6be26b83 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpu-drivers.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpu-drivers.txt @@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de> + Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> + Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> @@ -49,49 +51,65 @@ using cpufreq_register_driver() What shall this struct cpufreq_driver contain? -cpufreq_driver.name - The name of this driver. + .name - The name of this driver. -cpufreq_driver.init - A pointer to the per-CPU initialization - function. + .init - A pointer to the per-policy initialization function. -cpufreq_driver.verify - A pointer to a "verification" function. + .verify - A pointer to a "verification" function. -cpufreq_driver.setpolicy _or_ -cpufreq_driver.target/ -target_index - See below on the differences. + .setpolicy _or_ .fast_switch _or_ .target _or_ .target_index - See + below on the differences. And optionally -cpufreq_driver.exit - A pointer to a per-CPU cleanup - function called during CPU_POST_DEAD - phase of cpu hotplug process. + .flags - Hints for the cpufreq core. -cpufreq_driver.stop_cpu - A pointer to a per-CPU stop function - called during CPU_DOWN_PREPARE phase of - cpu hotplug process. + .driver_data - cpufreq driver specific data. -cpufreq_driver.resume - A pointer to a per-CPU resume function - which is called with interrupts disabled - and _before_ the pre-suspend frequency - and/or policy is restored by a call to - ->target/target_index or ->setpolicy. + .resolve_freq - Returns the most appropriate frequency for a target + frequency. Doesn't change the frequency though. -cpufreq_driver.attr - A pointer to a NULL-terminated list of - "struct freq_attr" which allow to - export values to sysfs. + .get_intermediate and target_intermediate - Used to switch to stable + frequency while changing CPU frequency. -cpufreq_driver.get_intermediate -and target_intermediate Used to switch to stable frequency while - changing CPU frequency. + .get - Returns current frequency of the CPU. + + .bios_limit - Returns HW/BIOS max frequency limitations for the CPU. + + .exit - A pointer to a per-policy cleanup function called during + CPU_POST_DEAD phase of cpu hotplug process. + + .stop_cpu - A pointer to a per-policy stop function called during + CPU_DOWN_PREPARE phase of cpu hotplug process. + + .suspend - A pointer to a per-policy suspend function which is called + with interrupts disabled and _after_ the governor is stopped for the + policy. + + .resume - A pointer to a per-policy resume function which is called + with interrupts disabled and _before_ the governor is started again. + + .ready - A pointer to a per-policy ready function which is called after + the policy is fully initialized. + + .attr - A pointer to a NULL-terminated list of "struct freq_attr" which + allow to export values to sysfs. + + .boost_enabled - If set, boost frequencies are enabled. + + .set_boost - A pointer to a per-policy function to enable/disable boost + frequencies. 1.2 Per-CPU Initialization -------------------------- Whenever a new CPU is registered with the device model, or after the -cpufreq driver registers itself, the per-CPU initialization function -cpufreq_driver.init is called. It takes a struct cpufreq_policy -*policy as argument. What to do now? +cpufreq driver registers itself, the per-policy initialization function +cpufreq_driver.init is called if no cpufreq policy existed for the CPU. +Note that the .init() and .exit() routines are called only once for the +policy and not for each CPU managed by the policy. It takes a struct +cpufreq_policy *policy as argument. What to do now? If necessary, activate the CPUfreq support on your CPU. @@ -117,47 +135,45 @@ policy->governor must contain the "default policy" for cpufreq_driver.setpolicy or cpufreq_driver.target/target_index is called with these values. +policy->cpus Update this with the masks of the + (online + offline) CPUs that do DVFS + along with this CPU (i.e. that share + clock/voltage rails with it). For setting some of these values (cpuinfo.min[max]_freq, policy->min[max]), the frequency table helpers might be helpful. See the section 2 for more information on them. -SMP systems normally have same clock source for a group of cpus. For these the -.init() would be called only once for the first online cpu. Here the .init() -routine must initialize policy->cpus with mask of all possible cpus (Online + -Offline) that share the clock. Then the core would copy this mask onto -policy->related_cpus and will reset policy->cpus to carry only online cpus. - 1.3 verify ------------- +---------- When the user decides a new policy (consisting of "policy,governor,min,max") shall be set, this policy must be validated so that incompatible values can be corrected. For verifying these -values, a frequency table helper and/or the -cpufreq_verify_within_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned -int min_freq, unsigned int max_freq) function might be helpful. See -section 2 for details on frequency table helpers. +values cpufreq_verify_within_limits(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, +unsigned int min_freq, unsigned int max_freq) function might be helpful. +See section 2 for details on frequency table helpers. You need to make sure that at least one valid frequency (or operating range) is within policy->min and policy->max. If necessary, increase policy->max first, and only if this is no solution, decrease policy->min. -1.4 target/target_index or setpolicy? ----------------------------- +1.4 target or target_index or setpolicy or fast_switch? +------------------------------------------------------- Most cpufreq drivers or even most cpu frequency scaling algorithms -only allow the CPU to be set to one frequency. For these, you use the -->target/target_index call. +only allow the CPU frequency to be set to predefined fixed values. For +these, you use the ->target(), ->target_index() or ->fast_switch() +callbacks. -Some cpufreq-capable processors switch the frequency between certain -limits on their own. These shall use the ->setpolicy call +Some cpufreq capable processors switch the frequency between certain +limits on their own. These shall use the ->setpolicy() callback. 1.5. target/target_index -------------- +------------------------ The target_index call has two arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy, and unsigned int index (into the exposed frequency table). @@ -186,9 +202,20 @@ actual frequency must be determined using the following rules: Here again the frequency table helper might assist you - see section 2 for details. +1.6. fast_switch +---------------- -1.6 setpolicy ---------------- +This function is used for frequency switching from scheduler's context. +Not all drivers are expected to implement it, as sleeping from within +this callback isn't allowed. This callback must be highly optimized to +do switching as fast as possible. + +This function has two arguments: struct cpufreq_policy *policy and +unsigned int target_frequency. + + +1.7 setpolicy +------------- The setpolicy call only takes a struct cpufreq_policy *policy as argument. You need to set the lower limit of the in-processor or @@ -198,7 +225,7 @@ setting when policy->policy is CPUFREQ_POLICY_PERFORMANCE, and a powersaving-oriented setting when CPUFREQ_POLICY_POWERSAVE. Also check the reference implementation in drivers/cpufreq/longrun.c -1.7 get_intermediate and target_intermediate +1.8 get_intermediate and target_intermediate -------------------------------------------- Only for drivers with target_index() and CPUFREQ_ASYNC_NOTIFICATION unset. @@ -222,42 +249,36 @@ failures as core would send notifications for that. As most cpufreq processors only allow for being set to a few specific frequencies, a "frequency table" with some functions might assist in -some work of the processor driver. Such a "frequency table" consists -of an array of struct cpufreq_frequency_table entries, with any value in -"driver_data" you want to use, and the corresponding frequency in -"frequency". At the end of the table, you need to add a -cpufreq_frequency_table entry with frequency set to CPUFREQ_TABLE_END. And -if you want to skip one entry in the table, set the frequency to -CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID. The entries don't need to be in ascending -order. - -By calling cpufreq_table_validate_and_show(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, - struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table); -the cpuinfo.min_freq and cpuinfo.max_freq values are detected, and -policy->min and policy->max are set to the same values. This is -helpful for the per-CPU initialization stage. - -int cpufreq_frequency_table_verify(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, - struct cpufreq_frequency_table *table); -assures that at least one valid frequency is within policy->min and -policy->max, and all other criteria are met. This is helpful for the -->verify call. - -int cpufreq_frequency_table_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, - unsigned int target_freq, - unsigned int relation); - -is the corresponding frequency table helper for the ->target -stage. Just pass the values to this function, and this function -returns the number of the frequency table entry which contains -the frequency the CPU shall be set to. +some work of the processor driver. Such a "frequency table" consists of +an array of struct cpufreq_frequency_table entries, with driver specific +values in "driver_data", the corresponding frequency in "frequency" and +flags set. At the end of the table, you need to add a +cpufreq_frequency_table entry with frequency set to CPUFREQ_TABLE_END. +And if you want to skip one entry in the table, set the frequency to +CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID. The entries don't need to be in sorted in any +particular order, but if they are cpufreq core will do DVFS a bit +quickly for them as search for best match is faster. + +By calling cpufreq_table_validate_and_show(), the cpuinfo.min_freq and +cpuinfo.max_freq values are detected, and policy->min and policy->max +are set to the same values. This is helpful for the per-CPU +initialization stage. + +cpufreq_frequency_table_verify() assures that at least one valid +frequency is within policy->min and policy->max, and all other criteria +are met. This is helpful for the ->verify call. + +cpufreq_frequency_table_target() is the corresponding frequency table +helper for the ->target stage. Just pass the values to this function, +and this function returns the of the frequency table entry which +contains the frequency the CPU shall be set to. The following macros can be used as iterators over cpufreq_frequency_table: cpufreq_for_each_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries of frequency table. -cpufreq-for_each_valid_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries, +cpufreq_for_each_valid_entry(pos, table) - iterates over all entries, excluding CPUFREQ_ENTRY_INVALID frequencies. Use arguments "pos" - a cpufreq_frequency_table * as a loop cursor and "table" - the cpufreq_frequency_table * you want to iterate over. diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt index 3c355f6ad834..2bbe207354ed 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/cpufreq-stats.txt @@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ cpufreq stats provides following statistics (explained in detail below). - total_trans - trans_table -All the statistics will be from the time the stats driver has been inserted -to the time when a read of a particular statistic is done. Obviously, stats -driver will not have any information about the frequency transitions before -the stats driver insertion. +All the statistics will be from the time the stats driver has been inserted +(or the time the stats were reset) to the time when a read of a particular +statistic is done. Obviously, stats driver will not have any information +about the frequency transitions before the stats driver insertion. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <mysystem>:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/stats # ls -l @@ -110,25 +110,13 @@ Config Main Menu CPU Frequency scaling ---> [*] CPU Frequency scaling [*] CPU frequency translation statistics - [*] CPU frequency translation statistics details "CPU Frequency scaling" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ) should be enabled to configure cpufreq-stats. "CPU frequency translation statistics" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT) provides the -basic statistics which includes time_in_state and total_trans. +statistics which includes time_in_state, total_trans and trans_table. -"CPU frequency translation statistics details" (CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_STAT_DETAILS) -provides fine grained cpufreq stats by trans_table. The reason for having a -separate config option for trans_table is: -- trans_table goes against the traditional /sysfs rule of one value per - interface. It provides a whole bunch of value in a 2 dimensional matrix - form. - -Once these two options are enabled and your CPU supports cpufrequency, you +Once this option is enabled and your CPU supports cpufrequency, you will be able to see the CPU frequency statistics in /sysfs. - - - - diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt index c15aa75f5227..61b3184b6c24 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ Dominik Brodowski <linux@brodo.de> some additions and corrections by Nico Golde <nico@ngolde.de> + Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com> + Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org> @@ -28,32 +30,27 @@ Contents: 2.3 Userspace 2.4 Ondemand 2.5 Conservative +2.6 Schedutil 3. The Governor Interface in the CPUfreq Core +4. References 1. What Is A CPUFreq Governor? ============================== Most cpufreq drivers (except the intel_pstate and longrun) or even most -cpu frequency scaling algorithms only offer the CPU to be set to one -frequency. In order to offer dynamic frequency scaling, the cpufreq -core must be able to tell these drivers of a "target frequency". So -these specific drivers will be transformed to offer a "->target/target_index" -call instead of the existing "->setpolicy" call. For "longrun", all -stays the same, though. +cpu frequency scaling algorithms only allow the CPU frequency to be set +to predefined fixed values. In order to offer dynamic frequency +scaling, the cpufreq core must be able to tell these drivers of a +"target frequency". So these specific drivers will be transformed to +offer a "->target/target_index/fast_switch()" call instead of the +"->setpolicy()" call. For set_policy drivers, all stays the same, +though. How to decide what frequency within the CPUfreq policy should be used? -That's done using "cpufreq governors". Two are already in this patch --- they're the already existing "powersave" and "performance" which -set the frequency statically to the lowest or highest frequency, -respectively. At least two more such governors will be ready for -addition in the near future, but likely many more as there are various -different theories and models about dynamic frequency scaling -around. Using such a generic interface as cpufreq offers to scaling -governors, these can be tested extensively, and the best one can be -selected for each specific use. +That's done using "cpufreq governors". Basically, it's the following flow graph: @@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ CPU can be set to switch independently | CPU can only be set / the limits of policy->{min,max} / \ / \ - Using the ->setpolicy call, Using the ->target/target_index call, + Using the ->setpolicy call, Using the ->target/target_index/fast_switch call, the limits and the the frequency closest "policy" is set. to target_freq is set. It is assured that it @@ -109,114 +106,159 @@ directory. 2.4 Ondemand ------------ -The CPUfreq governor "ondemand" sets the CPU depending on the -current usage. To do this the CPU must have the capability to -switch the frequency very quickly. There are a number of sysfs file -accessible parameters: - -sampling_rate: measured in uS (10^-6 seconds), this is how often you -want the kernel to look at the CPU usage and to make decisions on -what to do about the frequency. Typically this is set to values of -around '10000' or more. It's default value is (cmp. with users-guide.txt): -transition_latency * 1000 -Be aware that transition latency is in ns and sampling_rate is in us, so you -get the same sysfs value by default. -Sampling rate should always get adjusted considering the transition latency -To set the sampling rate 750 times as high as the transition latency -in the bash (as said, 1000 is default), do: -echo `$(($(cat cpuinfo_transition_latency) * 750 / 1000)) \ - >ondemand/sampling_rate - -sampling_rate_min: -The sampling rate is limited by the HW transition latency: -transition_latency * 100 -Or by kernel restrictions: -If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is set, the limit is 10ms fixed. -If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is not set or nohz=off boot parameter is used, the -limits depend on the CONFIG_HZ option: -HZ=1000: min=20000us (20ms) -HZ=250: min=80000us (80ms) -HZ=100: min=200000us (200ms) -The highest value of kernel and HW latency restrictions is shown and -used as the minimum sampling rate. - -up_threshold: defines what the average CPU usage between the samplings -of 'sampling_rate' needs to be for the kernel to make a decision on -whether it should increase the frequency. For example when it is set -to its default value of '95' it means that between the checking -intervals the CPU needs to be on average more than 95% in use to then -decide that the CPU frequency needs to be increased. - -ignore_nice_load: this parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When -set to '0' (its default), all processes are counted towards the -'cpu utilisation' value. When set to '1', the processes that are -run with a 'nice' value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the -overall usage calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU -intensive calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it -takes to complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part -in the deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency. - -sampling_down_factor: this parameter controls the rate at which the -kernel makes a decision on when to decrease the frequency while running -at top speed. When set to 1 (the default) decisions to reevaluate load -are made at the same interval regardless of current clock speed. But -when set to greater than 1 (e.g. 100) it acts as a multiplier for the -scheduling interval for reevaluating load when the CPU is at its top -speed due to high load. This improves performance by reducing the overhead -of load evaluation and helping the CPU stay at its top speed when truly -busy, rather than shifting back and forth in speed. This tunable has no -effect on behavior at lower speeds/lower CPU loads. - -powersave_bias: this parameter takes a value between 0 to 1000. It -defines the percentage (times 10) value of the target frequency that -will be shaved off of the target. For example, when set to 100 -- 10%, -when ondemand governor would have targeted 1000 MHz, it will target -1000 MHz - (10% of 1000 MHz) = 900 MHz instead. This is set to 0 -(disabled) by default. -When AMD frequency sensitivity powersave bias driver -- -drivers/cpufreq/amd_freq_sensitivity.c is loaded, this parameter -defines the workload frequency sensitivity threshold in which a lower -frequency is chosen instead of ondemand governor's original target. -The frequency sensitivity is a hardware reported (on AMD Family 16h -Processors and above) value between 0 to 100% that tells software how -the performance of the workload running on a CPU will change when -frequency changes. A workload with sensitivity of 0% (memory/IO-bound) -will not perform any better on higher core frequency, whereas a -workload with sensitivity of 100% (CPU-bound) will perform better -higher the frequency. When the driver is loaded, this is set to 400 -by default -- for CPUs running workloads with sensitivity value below -40%, a lower frequency is chosen. Unloading the driver or writing 0 -will disable this feature. +The CPUfreq governor "ondemand" sets the CPU frequency depending on the +current system load. Load estimation is triggered by the scheduler +through the update_util_data->func hook; when triggered, cpufreq checks +the CPU-usage statistics over the last period and the governor sets the +CPU accordingly. The CPU must have the capability to switch the +frequency very quickly. + +Sysfs files: + +* sampling_rate: + + Measured in uS (10^-6 seconds), this is how often you want the kernel + to look at the CPU usage and to make decisions on what to do about the + frequency. Typically this is set to values of around '10000' or more. + It's default value is (cmp. with users-guide.txt): transition_latency + * 1000. Be aware that transition latency is in ns and sampling_rate + is in us, so you get the same sysfs value by default. Sampling rate + should always get adjusted considering the transition latency to set + the sampling rate 750 times as high as the transition latency in the + bash (as said, 1000 is default), do: + + $ echo `$(($(cat cpuinfo_transition_latency) * 750 / 1000)) > ondemand/sampling_rate + +* sampling_rate_min: + + The sampling rate is limited by the HW transition latency: + transition_latency * 100 + + Or by kernel restrictions: + - If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is set, the limit is 10ms fixed. + - If CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON is not set or nohz=off boot parameter is + used, the limits depend on the CONFIG_HZ option: + HZ=1000: min=20000us (20ms) + HZ=250: min=80000us (80ms) + HZ=100: min=200000us (200ms) + + The highest value of kernel and HW latency restrictions is shown and + used as the minimum sampling rate. + +* up_threshold: + + This defines what the average CPU usage between the samplings of + 'sampling_rate' needs to be for the kernel to make a decision on + whether it should increase the frequency. For example when it is set + to its default value of '95' it means that between the checking + intervals the CPU needs to be on average more than 95% in use to then + decide that the CPU frequency needs to be increased. + +* ignore_nice_load: + + This parameter takes a value of '0' or '1'. When set to '0' (its + default), all processes are counted towards the 'cpu utilisation' + value. When set to '1', the processes that are run with a 'nice' + value will not count (and thus be ignored) in the overall usage + calculation. This is useful if you are running a CPU intensive + calculation on your laptop that you do not care how long it takes to + complete as you can 'nice' it and prevent it from taking part in the + deciding process of whether to increase your CPU frequency. + +* sampling_down_factor: + + This parameter controls the rate at which the kernel makes a decision + on when to decrease the frequency while running at top speed. When set + to 1 (the default) decisions to reevaluate load are made at the same + interval regardless of current clock speed. But when set to greater + than 1 (e.g. 100) it acts as a multiplier for the scheduling interval + for reevaluating load when the CPU is at its top speed due to high + load. This improves performance by reducing the overhead of load + evaluation and helping the CPU stay at its top speed when truly busy, + rather than shifting back and forth in speed. This tunable has no + effect on behavior at lower speeds/lower CPU loads. + +* powersave_bias: + + This parameter takes a value between 0 to 1000. It defines the + percentage (times 10) value of the target frequency that will be + shaved off of the target. For example, when set to 100 -- 10%, when + ondemand governor would have targeted 1000 MHz, it will target + 1000 MHz - (10% of 1000 MHz) = 900 MHz instead. This is set to 0 + (disabled) by default. + + When AMD frequency sensitivity powersave bias driver -- + drivers/cpufreq/amd_freq_sensitivity.c is loaded, this parameter + defines the workload frequency sensitivity threshold in which a lower + frequency is chosen instead of ondemand governor's original target. + The frequency sensitivity is a hardware reported (on AMD Family 16h + Processors and above) value between 0 to 100% that tells software how + the performance of the workload running on a CPU will change when + frequency changes. A workload with sensitivity of 0% (memory/IO-bound) + will not perform any better on higher core frequency, whereas a + workload with sensitivity of 100% (CPU-bound) will perform better + higher the frequency. When the driver is loaded, this is set to 400 by + default -- for CPUs running workloads with sensitivity value below + 40%, a lower frequency is chosen. Unloading the driver or writing 0 + will disable this feature. 2.5 Conservative ---------------- The CPUfreq governor "conservative", much like the "ondemand" -governor, sets the CPU depending on the current usage. It differs in -behaviour in that it gracefully increases and decreases the CPU speed -rather than jumping to max speed the moment there is any load on the -CPU. This behaviour more suitable in a battery powered environment. -The governor is tweaked in the same manner as the "ondemand" governor -through sysfs with the addition of: - -freq_step: this describes what percentage steps the cpu freq should be -increased and decreased smoothly by. By default the cpu frequency will -increase in 5% chunks of your maximum cpu frequency. You can change this -value to anywhere between 0 and 100 where '0' will effectively lock your -CPU at a speed regardless of its load whilst '100' will, in theory, make -it behave identically to the "ondemand" governor. - -down_threshold: same as the 'up_threshold' found for the "ondemand" -governor but for the opposite direction. For example when set to its -default value of '20' it means that if the CPU usage needs to be below -20% between samples to have the frequency decreased. - -sampling_down_factor: similar functionality as in "ondemand" governor. -But in "conservative", it controls the rate at which the kernel makes -a decision on when to decrease the frequency while running in any -speed. Load for frequency increase is still evaluated every -sampling rate. +governor, sets the CPU frequency depending on the current usage. It +differs in behaviour in that it gracefully increases and decreases the +CPU speed rather than jumping to max speed the moment there is any load +on the CPU. This behaviour is more suitable in a battery powered +environment. The governor is tweaked in the same manner as the +"ondemand" governor through sysfs with the addition of: + +* freq_step: + + This describes what percentage steps the cpu freq should be increased + and decreased smoothly by. By default the cpu frequency will increase + in 5% chunks of your maximum cpu frequency. You can change this value + to anywhere between 0 and 100 where '0' will effectively lock your CPU + at a speed regardless of its load whilst '100' will, in theory, make + it behave identically to the "ondemand" governor. + +* down_threshold: + + Same as the 'up_threshold' found for the "ondemand" governor but for + the opposite direction. For example when set to its default value of + '20' it means that if the CPU usage needs to be below 20% between + samples to have the frequency decreased. + +* sampling_down_factor: + + Similar functionality as in "ondemand" governor. But in + "conservative", it controls the rate at which the kernel makes a + decision on when to decrease the frequency while running in any speed. + Load for frequency increase is still evaluated every sampling rate. + + +2.6 Schedutil +------------- + +The "schedutil" governor aims at better integration with the Linux +kernel scheduler. Load estimation is achieved through the scheduler's +Per-Entity Load Tracking (PELT) mechanism, which also provides +information about the recent load [1]. This governor currently does +load based DVFS only for tasks managed by CFS. RT and DL scheduler tasks +are always run at the highest frequency. Unlike all the other +governors, the code is located under the kernel/sched/ directory. + +Sysfs files: + +* rate_limit_us: + + This contains a value in microseconds. The governor waits for + rate_limit_us time before reevaluating the load again, after it has + evaluated the load once. + +For an in-depth comparison with the other governors refer to [2]. + 3. The Governor Interface in the CPUfreq Core ============================================= @@ -225,26 +267,10 @@ A new governor must register itself with the CPUfreq core using "cpufreq_register_governor". The struct cpufreq_governor, which has to be passed to that function, must contain the following values: -governor->name - A unique name for this governor -governor->governor - The governor callback function -governor->owner - .THIS_MODULE for the governor module (if - appropriate) - -The governor->governor callback is called with the current (or to-be-set) -cpufreq_policy struct for that CPU, and an unsigned int event. The -following events are currently defined: - -CPUFREQ_GOV_START: This governor shall start its duty for the CPU - policy->cpu -CPUFREQ_GOV_STOP: This governor shall end its duty for the CPU - policy->cpu -CPUFREQ_GOV_LIMITS: The limits for CPU policy->cpu have changed to - policy->min and policy->max. - -If you need other "events" externally of your driver, _only_ use the -cpufreq_governor_l(unsigned int cpu, unsigned int event) call to the -CPUfreq core to ensure proper locking. +governor->name - A unique name for this governor. +governor->owner - .THIS_MODULE for the governor module (if appropriate). +plus a set of hooks to the functions implementing the governor's logic. The CPUfreq governor may call the CPU processor driver using one of these two functions: @@ -258,12 +284,18 @@ int __cpufreq_driver_target(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, unsigned int relation); target_freq must be within policy->min and policy->max, of course. -What's the difference between these two functions? When your governor -still is in a direct code path of a call to governor->governor, the -per-CPU cpufreq lock is still held in the cpufreq core, and there's -no need to lock it again (in fact, this would cause a deadlock). So -use __cpufreq_driver_target only in these cases. In all other cases -(for example, when there's a "daemonized" function that wakes up -every second), use cpufreq_driver_target to lock the cpufreq per-CPU -lock before the command is passed to the cpufreq processor driver. +What's the difference between these two functions? When your governor is +in a direct code path of a call to governor callbacks, like +governor->start(), the policy->rwsem is still held in the cpufreq core, +and there's no need to lock it again (in fact, this would cause a +deadlock). So use __cpufreq_driver_target only in these cases. In all +other cases (for example, when there's a "daemonized" function that +wakes up every second), use cpufreq_driver_target to take policy->rwsem +before the command is passed to the cpufreq driver. + +4. References +============= + +[1] Per-entity load tracking: https://lwn.net/Articles/531853/ +[2] Improvements in CPU frequency management: https://lwn.net/Articles/682391/ diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt index dc024ab4054f..ef1d39247b05 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/index.txt @@ -18,16 +18,29 @@ Documents in this directory: ---------------------------- + +amd-powernow.txt - AMD powernow driver specific file. + +boost.txt - Frequency boosting support. + core.txt - General description of the CPUFreq core and - of CPUFreq notifiers + of CPUFreq notifiers. + +cpu-drivers.txt - How to implement a new cpufreq processor driver. -cpu-drivers.txt - How to implement a new cpufreq processor driver +cpufreq-nforce2.txt - nVidia nForce2 platform specific file. + +cpufreq-stats.txt - General description of sysfs cpufreq stats. governors.txt - What are cpufreq governors and how to implement them? index.txt - File index, Mailing list and Links (this document) +intel-pstate.txt - Intel pstate cpufreq driver specific file. + +pcc-cpufreq.txt - PCC cpufreq driver specific file. + user-guide.txt - User Guide to CPUFreq @@ -35,9 +48,7 @@ Mailing List ------------ There is a CPU frequency changing CVS commit and general list where you can report bugs, problems or submit patches. To post a message, -send an email to linux-pm@vger.kernel.org, to subscribe go to -http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-pm and follow the -instructions there. +send an email to linux-pm@vger.kernel.org. Links ----- @@ -48,7 +59,7 @@ how to access the CVS repository: * http://cvs.arm.linux.org.uk/ the CPUFreq Mailing list: -* http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#cpufreq +* http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html#linux-pm Clock and voltage scaling for the SA-1100: * http://www.lartmaker.nl/projects/scaling diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt index 1953994ef5e6..3fdcdfd968ba 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/intel-pstate.txt @@ -85,6 +85,21 @@ Sysfs will show : Refer to "Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual Volume 3: System Programming Guide" to understand ratios. +There is one more sysfs attribute in /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/ +that can be used for controlling the operation mode of the driver: + + status: Three settings are possible: + "off" - The driver is not in use at this time. + "active" - The driver works as a P-state governor (default). + "passive" - The driver works as a regular cpufreq one and collaborates + with the generic cpufreq governors (it sets P-states as + requested by those governors). + The current setting is returned by reads from this attribute. Writing one + of the above strings to it changes the operation mode as indicated by that + string, if possible. If HW-managed P-states (HWP) are enabled, it is not + possible to change the driver's operation mode and attempts to write to + this attribute will fail. + cpufreq sysfs for Intel P-State Since this driver registers with cpufreq, cpufreq sysfs is also presented. diff --git a/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt b/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt index 109e97bbab77..107f6fdd7d14 100644 --- a/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt +++ b/Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Contents: --------- 1. Supported Architectures and Processors -1.1 ARM +1.1 ARM and ARM64 1.2 x86 1.3 sparc64 1.4 ppc @@ -37,16 +37,10 @@ Contents: 1. Supported Architectures and Processors ========================================= -1.1 ARM -------- - -The following ARM processors are supported by cpufreq: - -ARM Integrator -ARM-SA1100 -ARM-SA1110 -Intel PXA +1.1 ARM and ARM64 +----------------- +Almost all ARM and ARM64 platforms support CPU frequency scaling. 1.2 x86 ------- @@ -69,6 +63,7 @@ Transmeta Crusoe Transmeta Efficeon VIA Cyrix 3 / C3 various processors on some ACPI 2.0-compatible systems [*] +And many more [*] Only if "ACPI Processor Performance States" are available to the ACPI<->BIOS interface. @@ -147,10 +142,19 @@ mounted it at /sys, the cpufreq interface is located in a subdirectory "cpufreq" within the cpu-device directory (e.g. /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ for the first CPU). +affected_cpus : List of Online CPUs that require software + coordination of frequency. + +cpuinfo_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as obtained from + the hardware, in KHz. This is the frequency + the CPU actually runs at. + cpuinfo_min_freq : this file shows the minimum operating frequency the processor can run at(in kHz) + cpuinfo_max_freq : this file shows the maximum operating frequency the processor can run at(in kHz) + cpuinfo_transition_latency The time it takes on this CPU to switch between two frequencies in nano seconds. If unknown or known to be @@ -163,25 +167,30 @@ cpuinfo_transition_latency The time it takes on this CPU to userspace daemon. Make sure to not switch the frequency too often resulting in performance loss. -scaling_driver : this file shows what cpufreq driver is - used to set the frequency on this CPU + +related_cpus : List of Online + Offline CPUs that need software + coordination of frequency. + +scaling_available_frequencies : List of available frequencies, in KHz. scaling_available_governors : this file shows the CPUfreq governors available in this kernel. You can see the currently activated governor in +scaling_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as determined by + the governor and cpufreq core, in KHz. This is + the frequency the kernel thinks the CPU runs + at. + +scaling_driver : this file shows what cpufreq driver is + used to set the frequency on this CPU + scaling_governor, and by "echoing" the name of another governor you can change it. Please note that some governors won't load - they only work on some specific architectures or processors. -cpuinfo_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as obtained from - the hardware, in KHz. This is the frequency - the CPU actually runs at. - -scaling_available_frequencies : List of available frequencies, in KHz. - scaling_min_freq and scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in kHz). By echoing new values into these @@ -190,16 +199,11 @@ scaling_max_freq show the current "policy limits" (in first set scaling_max_freq, then scaling_min_freq. -affected_cpus : List of Online CPUs that require software - coordination of frequency. - -related_cpus : List of Online + Offline CPUs that need software - coordination of frequency. - -scaling_cur_freq : Current frequency of the CPU as determined by - the governor and cpufreq core, in KHz. This is - the frequency the kernel thinks the CPU runs - at. +scaling_setspeed This can be read to get the currently programmed + value by the governor. This can be written to + change the current frequency for a group of + CPUs, represented by a policy. This is supported + currently only by the userspace governor. bios_limit : If the BIOS tells the OS to limit a CPU to lower frequencies, the user can read out the diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/arch_timer.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/arch_timer.txt index ad440a2b8051..e926aea1147d 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/arch_timer.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/arch_timer.txt @@ -31,6 +31,12 @@ to deliver its interrupts via SPIs. This also affects writes to the tval register, due to the implicit counter read. +- hisilicon,erratum-161010101 : A boolean property. Indicates the + presence of Hisilicon erratum 161010101, which says that reading the + counters is unreliable in some cases, and reads may return a value 32 + beyond the correct value. This also affects writes to the tval + registers, due to the implicit counter read. + ** Optional properties: - arm,cpu-registers-not-fw-configured : Firmware does not initialize diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/cpufreq/ti-cpufreq.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/cpufreq/ti-cpufreq.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ba0e15ad5bd9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/cpufreq/ti-cpufreq.txt @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +TI CPUFreq and OPP bindings +================================ + +Certain TI SoCs, like those in the am335x, am437x, am57xx, and dra7xx +families support different OPPs depending on the silicon variant in use. +The ti-cpufreq driver can use revision and an efuse value from the SoC to +provide the OPP framework with supported hardware information. This is +used to determine which OPPs from the operating-points-v2 table get enabled +when it is parsed by the OPP framework. + +Required properties: +-------------------- +In 'cpus' nodes: +- operating-points-v2: Phandle to the operating-points-v2 table to use. + +In 'operating-points-v2' table: +- compatible: Should be + - 'operating-points-v2-ti-cpu' for am335x, am43xx, and dra7xx/am57xx SoCs +- syscon: A phandle pointing to a syscon node representing the control module + register space of the SoC. + +Optional properties: +-------------------- +For each opp entry in 'operating-points-v2' table: +- opp-supported-hw: Two bitfields indicating: + 1. Which revision of the SoC the OPP is supported by + 2. Which eFuse bits indicate this OPP is available + + A bitwise AND is performed against these values and if any bit + matches, the OPP gets enabled. + +Example: +-------- + +/* From arch/arm/boot/dts/am33xx.dtsi */ +cpus { + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + cpu@0 { + compatible = "arm,cortex-a8"; + device_type = "cpu"; + reg = <0>; + + operating-points-v2 = <&cpu0_opp_table>; + + clocks = <&dpll_mpu_ck>; + clock-names = "cpu"; + + clock-latency = <300000>; /* From omap-cpufreq driver */ + }; +}; + +/* + * cpu0 has different OPPs depending on SoC revision and some on revisions + * 0x2 and 0x4 have eFuse bits that indicate if they are available or not + */ +cpu0_opp_table: opp-table { + compatible = "operating-points-v2-ti-cpu"; + syscon = <&scm_conf>; + + /* + * The three following nodes are marked with opp-suspend + * because they can not be enabled simultaneously on a + * single SoC. + */ + opp50@300000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <300000000>; + opp-microvolt = <950000 931000 969000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x06 0x0010>; + opp-suspend; + }; + + opp100@275000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <275000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1100000 1078000 1122000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x01 0x00FF>; + opp-suspend; + }; + + opp100@300000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <300000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1100000 1078000 1122000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x06 0x0020>; + opp-suspend; + }; + + opp100@500000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <500000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1100000 1078000 1122000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x01 0xFFFF>; + }; + + opp100@600000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <600000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1100000 1078000 1122000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x06 0x0040>; + }; + + opp120@600000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <600000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1200000 1176000 1224000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x01 0xFFFF>; + }; + + opp120@720000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <720000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1200000 1176000 1224000>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x06 0x0080>; + }; + + oppturbo@720000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <720000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1260000 1234800 1285200>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x01 0xFFFF>; + }; + + oppturbo@800000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <800000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1260000 1234800 1285200>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x06 0x0100>; + }; + + oppnitro@1000000000 { + opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; + opp-microvolt = <1325000 1298500 1351500>; + opp-supported-hw = <0x04 0x0200>; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/devfreq/exynos-bus.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/devfreq/exynos-bus.txt index d3ec8e676b6b..d085ef90d27c 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/devfreq/exynos-bus.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/devfreq/exynos-bus.txt @@ -123,6 +123,20 @@ Detailed correlation between sub-blocks and power line according to Exynos SoC: |--- FSYS |--- FSYS2 +- In case of Exynos5433, there is VDD_INT power line as following: + VDD_INT |--- G2D (parent device) + |--- MSCL + |--- GSCL + |--- JPEG + |--- MFC + |--- HEVC + |--- BUS0 + |--- BUS1 + |--- BUS2 + |--- PERIS (Fixed clock rate) + |--- PERIC (Fixed clock rate) + |--- FSYS (Fixed clock rate) + Example1: Show the AXI buses of Exynos3250 SoC. Exynos3250 divides the buses to power line (regulator). The MIF (Memory Interface) AXI bus is used to diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/adc128d818.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/adc128d818.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..08bab0e94d25 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/adc128d818.txt @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +TI ADC128D818 ADC System Monitor With Temperature Sensor +-------------------------------------------------------- + +Operation modes: + + - Mode 0: 7 single-ended voltage readings (IN0-IN6), + 1 temperature reading (internal) + - Mode 1: 8 single-ended voltage readings (IN0-IN7), + no temperature + - Mode 2: 4 pseudo-differential voltage readings + (IN0-IN1, IN3-IN2, IN4-IN5, IN7-IN6), + 1 temperature reading (internal) + - Mode 3: 4 single-ended voltage readings (IN0-IN3), + 2 pseudo-differential voltage readings + (IN4-IN5, IN7-IN6), + 1 temperature reading (internal) + +If no operation mode is configured via device tree, the driver keeps the +currently active chip operation mode (default is mode 0). + + +Required node properties: + + - compatible: must be set to "ti,adc128d818" + - reg: I2C address of the device + +Optional node properties: + + - ti,mode: Operation mode (see above). + + +Example (operation mode 2): + + adc128d818@1d { + compatible = "ti,adc128d818"; + reg = <0x1d>; + ti,mode = <2>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm70.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm70.txt index e7fd921aa4f1..ea417a0d32af 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm70.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm70.txt @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ Required properties: - compatible: one of "ti,lm70" "ti,tmp121" + "ti,tmp122" "ti,lm71" "ti,lm74" diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm90.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm90.txt index e8632486b9ef..97581266e329 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm90.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/lm90.txt @@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ Optional properties: LM90 "-ALERT" pin output. See interrupt-controller/interrupts.txt for the format. +- #thermal-sensor-cells: should be set to 1. See thermal/thermal.txt for + details. See <include/dt-bindings/thermal/lm90.h> for the + definition of the local, remote and 2nd remote sensor index + constants. + Example LM90 node: temp-sensor { @@ -41,4 +46,5 @@ temp-sensor { vcc-supply = <&palmas_ldo6_reg>; interrupt-parent = <&gpio>; interrupts = <TEGRA_GPIO(O, 4) IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>; + #thermal-sensor-cells = <1>; } diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/sht15.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/sht15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6a80277cc426 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/sht15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +Sensirion SHT15 Humidity and Temperature Sensor + +Required properties: + + - "compatible": must be "sensirion,sht15". + - "data-gpios": GPIO connected to the data line. + - "clk-gpios": GPIO connected to the clock line. + - "vcc-supply": regulator that drives the VCC pin. + +Example: + + sensor { + pinctrl-names = "default"; + pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_sensor>; + compatible = "sensirion,sht15"; + clk-gpios = <&gpio4 12 0>; + data-gpios = <&gpio4 13 0>; + vcc-supply = <®_sht15>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/stts751.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/stts751.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3ee1dc30e72f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/hwmon/stts751.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +* STTS751 thermometer. + +Required node properties: +- compatible: "stts751" +- reg: I2C bus address of the device + +Optional properties: +- smbus-timeout-disable: when set, the smbus timeout function will be disabled + +Example stts751 node: + +temp-sensor { + compatible = "stts751"; + reg = <0x48>; +} diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/cortina,gemini-interrupt-controller.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/cortina,gemini-interrupt-controller.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..97c1167fa533 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/cortina,gemini-interrupt-controller.txt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +* Cortina Systems Gemini interrupt controller + +This interrupt controller is found on the Gemini SoCs. + +Required properties: +- compatible: must be "cortina,gemini-interrupt-controller" +- reg: The register bank for the interrupt controller. +- interrupt-controller: Identifies the node as an interrupt controller +- #interrupt-cells: The number of cells to define the interrupts. + Must be 2 as the controller can specify level or rising edge + IRQs. The bindings follows the standard binding for controllers + with two cells specified in + interrupt-controller/interrupts.txt + +Example: + +interrupt-controller@48000000 { + compatible = "cortina,gemini-interrupt-controller"; + reg = <0x48000000 0x1000>; + interrupt-controller; + #interrupt-cells = <2>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/snps,archs-idu-intc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/snps,archs-idu-intc.txt index 0dcb7c7d3e40..944657684d73 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/snps,archs-idu-intc.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/interrupt-controller/snps,archs-idu-intc.txt @@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ Properties: Second cell specifies the irq distribution mode to cores 0=Round Robin; 1=cpu0, 2=cpu1, 4=cpu2, 8=cpu3 + The second cell in interrupts property is deprecated and may be ignored by + the kernel. + intc accessed via the special ARC AUX register interface, hence "reg" property is not specified. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt index 696be5792625..24b656014089 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt @@ -61,16 +61,24 @@ property can be omitted. Examples: -system-status { - label = "Status"; - linux,default-trigger = "heartbeat"; - ... +gpio-leds { + compatible = "gpio-leds"; + + system-status { + label = "Status"; + linux,default-trigger = "heartbeat"; + gpios = <&gpio0 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; + }; }; -camera-flash { - label = "Flash"; - led-sources = <0>, <1>; - led-max-microamp = <50000>; - flash-max-microamp = <320000>; - flash-max-timeout-us = <500000>; +max77693-led { + compatible = "maxim,max77693-led"; + + camera-flash { + label = "Flash"; + led-sources = <0>, <1>; + led-max-microamp = <50000>; + flash-max-microamp = <320000>; + flash-max-timeout-us = <500000>; + }; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/aspeed-smc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/aspeed-smc.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..49f6528ef547 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/aspeed-smc.txt @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +* Aspeed Firmware Memory controller +* Aspeed SPI Flash Memory Controller + +The Firmware Memory Controller in the Aspeed AST2500 SoC supports +three chip selects, two of which are always of SPI type and the third +can be SPI or NOR type flash. These bindings only describe SPI. + +The two SPI flash memory controllers in the AST2500 each support two +chip selects. + +Required properties: + - compatible : Should be one of + "aspeed,ast2400-fmc" for the AST2400 Firmware Memory Controller + "aspeed,ast2400-spi" for the AST2400 SPI Flash memory Controller + "aspeed,ast2500-fmc" for the AST2500 Firmware Memory Controller + "aspeed,ast2500-spi" for the AST2500 SPI flash memory controllers + + - reg : the first contains the control register location and length, + the second contains the memory window mapping address and length + - #address-cells : must be 1 corresponding to chip select child binding + - #size-cells : must be 0 corresponding to chip select child binding + +Optional properties: + - interrupts : Should contain the interrupt for the dma device if an + FMC + +The child nodes are the SPI flash modules which must have a compatible +property as specified in bindings/mtd/jedec,spi-nor.txt + +Optionally, the child node can contain properties for SPI mode (may be +ignored): + - spi-max-frequency - max frequency of spi bus + + +Example: +fmc: fmc@1e620000 { + compatible = "aspeed,ast2500-fmc"; + reg = < 0x1e620000 0x94 + 0x20000000 0x02000000 >; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <0>; + interrupts = <19>; + flash@0 { + reg = < 0 >; + compatible = "jedec,spi-nor"; + /* spi-max-frequency = <>; */ + /* m25p,fast-read; */ + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <1>; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/common.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/common.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..fc068b923d7a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/common.txt @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +* Common properties of all MTD devices + +Optional properties: +- label: user-defined MTD device name. Can be used to assign user + friendly names to MTD devices (instead of the flash model or flash + controller based name) in order to ease flash device identification + and/or describe what they are used for. + +Example: + + flash@0 { + label = "System-firmware"; + + /* flash type specific properties */ + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/cortina,gemini-flash.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/cortina,gemini-flash.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3fa1b34d69ad --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/cortina,gemini-flash.txt @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +Flash device on Cortina Systems Gemini SoC + +This flash is regular CFI compatible (Intel or AMD extended) flash chips with +some special bits that can be controlled by the machine's system controller. + +Required properties: +- compatible : must be "cortina,gemini-flash", "cfi-flash"; +- reg : memory address for the flash chip +- syscon : must be a phandle to the system controller +- bank-width : width in bytes of flash interface, should be <2> + +For the rest of the properties, see mtd-physmap.txt. + +The device tree may optionally contain sub-nodes describing partitions of the +address space. See partition.txt for more detail. + +Example: + +flash@30000000 { + compatible = "cortina,gemini-flash", "cfi-flash"; + reg = <0x30000000 0x01000000>; + syscon = <&syscon>; + bank-width = <2>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/jedec,spi-nor.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/jedec,spi-nor.txt index 2c91c03e7eb0..3e920ec5c4d3 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/jedec,spi-nor.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/jedec,spi-nor.txt @@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ Required properties: at25df641 at26df081a mr25h256 + mr25h10 + mr25h40 mx25l4005a mx25l1606e mx25l6405d diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/mtk-quadspi.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/mtk-quadspi.txt index fb314f09861b..5ded66ad7aef 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/mtk-quadspi.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/mtd/mtk-quadspi.txt @@ -1,7 +1,13 @@ * Serial NOR flash controller for MTK MT81xx (and similar) Required properties: -- compatible: should be "mediatek,mt8173-nor"; +- compatible: The possible values are: + "mediatek,mt2701-nor" + "mediatek,mt7623-nor" + "mediatek,mt8173-nor" + For mt8173, compatible should be "mediatek,mt8173-nor". + For every other SoC, should contain both the SoC-specific compatible string + and "mediatek,mt8173-nor". - reg: physical base address and length of the controller's register - clocks: the phandle of the clocks needed by the nor controller - clock-names: the names of the clocks diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt index c010fafc66a8..c7194e87d5f4 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/mediatek-net.txt @@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ have dual GMAC each represented by a child node.. * Ethernet controller node Required properties: -- compatible: Should be "mediatek,mt7623-eth" +- compatible: Should be "mediatek,mt2701-eth" - reg: Address and length of the register set for the device - interrupts: Should contain the three frame engines interrupts in numeric order. These are fe_int0, fe_int1 and fe_int2. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/phy.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/phy.txt index ff1bc4b1bb3b..fb5056b22685 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/phy.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/phy.txt @@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ Optional Properties: specifications. If neither of these are specified, the default is to assume clause 22. - If the phy's identifier is known then the list may contain an entry - of the form: "ethernet-phy-idAAAA.BBBB" where + If the PHY reports an incorrect ID (or none at all) then the + "compatible" list may contain an entry with the correct PHY ID in the + form: "ethernet-phy-idAAAA.BBBB" where AAAA - The value of the 16 bit Phy Identifier 1 register as 4 hex digits. This is the chip vendor OUI bits 3:18 BBBB - The value of the 16 bit Phy Identifier 2 register as diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/opp/opp.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/opp/opp.txt index 9f5ca4457b5f..7951961ef356 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/opp/opp.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/opp/opp.txt @@ -188,14 +188,14 @@ Example 1: Single cluster Dual-core ARM cortex A9, switch DVFS states together. opp@1000000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; - opp-microvolt = <970000 975000 985000>; + opp-microvolt = <975000 970000 985000>; opp-microamp = <70000>; clock-latency-ns = <300000>; opp-suspend; }; opp@1100000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1100000000>; - opp-microvolt = <980000 1000000 1010000>; + opp-microvolt = <1000000 980000 1010000>; opp-microamp = <80000>; clock-latency-ns = <310000>; }; @@ -267,14 +267,14 @@ independently. opp@1000000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; - opp-microvolt = <970000 975000 985000>; + opp-microvolt = <975000 970000 985000>; opp-microamp = <70000>; clock-latency-ns = <300000>; opp-suspend; }; opp@1100000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1100000000>; - opp-microvolt = <980000 1000000 1010000>; + opp-microvolt = <1000000 980000 1010000>; opp-microamp = <80000>; clock-latency-ns = <310000>; }; @@ -343,14 +343,14 @@ DVFS state together. opp@1000000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; - opp-microvolt = <970000 975000 985000>; + opp-microvolt = <975000 970000 985000>; opp-microamp = <70000>; clock-latency-ns = <300000>; opp-suspend; }; opp@1100000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1100000000>; - opp-microvolt = <980000 1000000 1010000>; + opp-microvolt = <1000000 980000 1010000>; opp-microamp = <80000>; clock-latency-ns = <310000>; }; @@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ DVFS state together. opp@1300000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1300000000>; - opp-microvolt = <1045000 1050000 1055000>; + opp-microvolt = <1050000 1045000 1055000>; opp-microamp = <95000>; clock-latency-ns = <400000>; opp-suspend; @@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ DVFS state together. }; opp@1500000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1500000000>; - opp-microvolt = <1010000 1100000 1110000>; + opp-microvolt = <1100000 1010000 1110000>; opp-microamp = <95000>; clock-latency-ns = <400000>; turbo-mode; @@ -424,9 +424,9 @@ Example 4: Handling multiple regulators opp@1000000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; - opp-microvolt = <970000 975000 985000>, /* Supply 0 */ - <960000 965000 975000>, /* Supply 1 */ - <960000 965000 975000>; /* Supply 2 */ + opp-microvolt = <975000 970000 985000>, /* Supply 0 */ + <965000 960000 975000>, /* Supply 1 */ + <965000 960000 975000>; /* Supply 2 */ opp-microamp = <70000>, /* Supply 0 */ <70000>, /* Supply 1 */ <70000>; /* Supply 2 */ @@ -437,9 +437,9 @@ Example 4: Handling multiple regulators opp@1000000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; - opp-microvolt = <970000 975000 985000>, /* Supply 0 */ - <960000 965000 975000>, /* Supply 1 */ - <960000 965000 975000>; /* Supply 2 */ + opp-microvolt = <975000 970000 985000>, /* Supply 0 */ + <965000 960000 975000>, /* Supply 1 */ + <965000 960000 975000>; /* Supply 2 */ opp-microamp = <70000>, /* Supply 0 */ <0>, /* Supply 1 doesn't need this */ <70000>; /* Supply 2 */ @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ Example 5: opp-supported-hw */ opp-supported-hw = <0xF 0xFFFFFFFF 0xFFFFFFFF> opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <600000000>; - opp-microvolt = <900000 915000 925000>; + opp-microvolt = <915000 900000 925000>; ... }; @@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ Example 5: opp-supported-hw */ opp-supported-hw = <0x20 0xff0000ff 0x0000f4f0> opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <800000000>; - opp-microvolt = <900000 915000 925000>; + opp-microvolt = <915000 900000 925000>; ... }; }; @@ -512,18 +512,18 @@ Example 6: opp-microvolt-<name>, opp-microamp-<name>: opp@1000000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1000000000>; - opp-microvolt-slow = <900000 915000 925000>; - opp-microvolt-fast = <970000 975000 985000>; + opp-microvolt-slow = <915000 900000 925000>; + opp-microvolt-fast = <975000 970000 985000>; opp-microamp-slow = <70000>; opp-microamp-fast = <71000>; }; opp@1200000000 { opp-hz = /bits/ 64 <1200000000>; - opp-microvolt-slow = <900000 915000 925000>, /* Supply vcc0 */ - <910000 925000 935000>; /* Supply vcc1 */ - opp-microvolt-fast = <970000 975000 985000>, /* Supply vcc0 */ - <960000 965000 975000>; /* Supply vcc1 */ + opp-microvolt-slow = <915000 900000 925000>, /* Supply vcc0 */ + <925000 910000 935000>; /* Supply vcc1 */ + opp-microvolt-fast = <975000 970000 985000>, /* Supply vcc0 */ + <965000 960000 975000>; /* Supply vcc1 */ opp-microamp = <70000>; /* Will be used for both slow/fast */ }; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_ac_power.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_ac_power.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..826e8a879121 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_ac_power.txt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +AXP20X and AXP22X PMICs' AC power supply + +Required Properties: + - compatible: One of: + "x-powers,axp202-ac-power-supply" + "x-powers,axp221-ac-power-supply" + +This node is a subnode of the axp20x PMIC. + +The AXP20X can read the current current and voltage supplied by AC by +reading ADC channels from the AXP20X ADC. + +The AXP22X is only able to tell if an AC power supply is present and +usable. + +Example: + +&axp209 { + ac_power_supply: ac-power-supply { + compatible = "x-powers,axp202-ac-power-supply"; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_usb_power.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_usb_power.txt index f1d7beec45bf..ba8d35f66cbe 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_usb_power.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/axp20x_usb_power.txt @@ -3,6 +3,11 @@ AXP20x USB power supply Required Properties: -compatible: One of: "x-powers,axp202-usb-power-supply" "x-powers,axp221-usb-power-supply" + "x-powers,axp223-usb-power-supply" + +The AXP223 PMIC shares most of its behaviour with the AXP221 but has slight +variations such as the former being able to set the VBUS power supply max +current to 100mA, unlike the latter. This node is a subnode of the axp20x PMIC. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/bq27xxx.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/bq27xxx.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b0c95ef63e68 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/bq27xxx.txt @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +Binding for TI BQ27XXX fuel gauge family + +Required properties: +- compatible: Should contain one of the following: + * "ti,bq27200" - BQ27200 + * "ti,bq27210" - BQ27210 + * "ti,bq27500" - deprecated, use revision specific property below + * "ti,bq27510" - deprecated, use revision specific property below + * "ti,bq27520" - deprecated, use revision specific property below + * "ti,bq27500-1" - BQ27500/1 + * "ti,bq27510g1" - BQ27510-g1 + * "ti,bq27510g2" - BQ27510-g2 + * "ti,bq27510g3" - BQ27510-g3 + * "ti,bq27520g1" - BQ27520-g1 + * "ti,bq27520g2" - BQ27520-g2 + * "ti,bq27520g3" - BQ27520-g3 + * "ti,bq27520g4" - BQ27520-g4 + * "ti,bq27530" - BQ27530 + * "ti,bq27531" - BQ27531 + * "ti,bq27541" - BQ27541 + * "ti,bq27542" - BQ27542 + * "ti,bq27546" - BQ27546 + * "ti,bq27742" - BQ27742 + * "ti,bq27545" - BQ27545 + * "ti,bq27421" - BQ27421 + * "ti,bq27425" - BQ27425 + * "ti,bq27441" - BQ27441 + * "ti,bq27621" - BQ27621 +- reg: integer, i2c address of the device. + +Example: + +bq27510g3 { + compatible = "ti,bq27510g3"; + reg = <0x55>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/qcom_smbb.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/qcom_smbb.txt index 65b88fac854b..06f8a5ddb68e 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/qcom_smbb.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/qcom_smbb.txt @@ -105,6 +105,22 @@ PROPERTIES regulation must be done externally to fully comply with the JEITA safety guidelines if this flag is set. +- usb_otg_in-supply: + Usage: optional + Value type: <phandle> + Description: Reference to the regulator supplying power to the USB_OTG_IN + pin. + +child nodes: +- otg-vbus: + Usage: optional + Description: This node defines a regulator used to control the direction + of VBUS voltage - specifically: whether to supply voltage + to VBUS for host mode operation of the OTG port, or allow + input voltage from external VBUS for charging. In the + hardware, the supply for this regulator comes from + usb_otg_in-supply. + EXAMPLE charger@1000 { compatible = "qcom,pm8941-charger"; @@ -128,4 +144,7 @@ charger@1000 { qcom,fast-charge-current-limit = <1000000>; qcom,dc-charge-current-limit = <1000000>; + usb_otg_in-supply = <&pm8941_5vs1>; + + otg-vbus {}; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/sbs_sbs-charger.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/sbs_sbs-charger.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..a3719623a94f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/sbs_sbs-charger.txt @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +SBS sbs-charger +~~~~~~~~~~ + +Required properties: + - compatible: "<vendor>,<part-number>", "sbs,sbs-charger" as fallback. The part + number compatible string might be used in order to take care of vendor + specific registers. + +Optional properties: +- interrupt-parent: Should be the phandle for the interrupt controller. Use in + conjunction with "interrupts". +- interrupts: Interrupt mapping for GPIO IRQ. Use in conjunction with + "interrupt-parent". If an interrupt is not provided the driver will switch + automatically to polling. + +Example: + + ltc4100@9 { + compatible = "lltc,ltc4100", "sbs,sbs-charger"; + reg = <0x9>; + interrupt-parent = <&gpio6>; + interrupts = <7 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_LOW>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/ti,bq24735.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/ti,bq24735.txt index 3bf55757ceec..de45e1a2a4d9 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/ti,bq24735.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power/supply/ti,bq24735.txt @@ -8,8 +8,10 @@ Optional properties : - interrupts : Specify the interrupt to be used to trigger when the AC adapter is either plugged in or removed. - ti,ac-detect-gpios : This GPIO is optionally used to read the AC adapter - presence. This is a Host GPIO that is configured as an input and - connected to the bq24735. + status. This is a Host GPIO that is configured as an input and connected + to the ACOK pin on the bq24735. Note: for backwards compatibility reasons, + the GPIO must be active on AC adapter absence despite ACOK being active + (high) on AC adapter presence. - ti,charge-current : Used to control and set the charging current. This value must be between 128mA and 8.128A with a 64mA step resolution. The POR value is 0x0000h. This number is in mA (e.g. 8192), see spec for more information @@ -25,6 +27,8 @@ Optional properties : - ti,external-control : Indicates that the charger is configured externally and that the host should not attempt to enable/disable charging or set the charge voltage/current. + - poll-interval : In case 'interrupts' is not specified, poll AC adapter + presence with this interval (milliseconds). Example: diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power_supply/maxim,max14656.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power_supply/maxim,max14656.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e03e85ae6572 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/power_supply/maxim,max14656.txt @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +Maxim MAX14656 / AL32 USB Charger Detector + +Required properties : +- compatible : "maxim,max14656"; +- reg: i2c slave address +- interrupt-parent: the phandle for the interrupt controller +- interrupts: interrupt line + +Example: + +&i2c2 { + clock-frequency = <50000>; + pinctrl-names = "default"; + pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_i2c2>; + status = "okay"; + + max14656@35 { + compatible = "maxim,max14656"; + reg = <0x35>; + pinctrl-names = "default"; + pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_charger_detect>; + interrupt-parent = <&gpio6>; + interrupts = <26 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/anatop-regulator.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/anatop-regulator.txt index 37c4ea076f88..1d58c8cfdbc0 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/anatop-regulator.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/anatop-regulator.txt @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Optional properties: - anatop-delay-bit-shift: Bit shift for the step time register - anatop-delay-bit-width: Number of bits used in the step time register - vin-supply: The supply for this regulator +- anatop-enable-bit: Regulator enable bit offset Any property defined as part of the core regulator binding, defined in regulator.txt, can also be used. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/cpcap-regulator.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/cpcap-regulator.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..675f4437ce92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/cpcap-regulator.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +Motorola CPCAP PMIC voltage regulators +------------------------------------ + +Requires node properties: +- "compatible" value one of: + "motorola,cpcap-regulator" + "motorola,mapphone-cpcap-regulator" + +Required regulator properties: +- "regulator-name" +- "regulator-enable-ramp-delay" +- "regulator-min-microvolt" +- "regulator-max-microvolt" + +Optional regulator properties: +- "regulator-boot-on" + +See Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/regulator.txt +for more details about the regulator properties. + +Example: + +cpcap_regulator: regulator { + compatible = "motorola,cpcap-regulator"; + + cpcap_regulators: regulators { + sw5: SW5 { + regulator-min-microvolt = <5050000>; + regulator-max-microvolt = <5050000>; + regulator-enable-ramp-delay = <50000>; + regulator-boot-on; + }; + }; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/gpio-regulator.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/gpio-regulator.txt index e5cac1e0ca8a..dd1ed789728e 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/gpio-regulator.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/gpio-regulator.txt @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Optional properties: - startup-delay-us : Startup time in microseconds. - enable-active-high : Polarity of GPIO is active high (default is low). - regulator-type : Specifies what is being regulated, must be either - "voltage" or "current", defaults to current. + "voltage" or "current", defaults to voltage. Any property defined as part of the core regulator binding defined in regulator.txt can also be used. diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,smd-rpm-regulator.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,smd-rpm-regulator.txt index 1f8d6f84b657..4e3dfb5b5f16 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,smd-rpm-regulator.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/regulator/qcom,smd-rpm-regulator.txt @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ Regulator nodes are identified by their compatible: "qcom,rpm-pm8841-regulators" "qcom,rpm-pm8916-regulators" "qcom,rpm-pm8941-regulators" + "qcom,rpm-pm8994-regulators" "qcom,rpm-pma8084-regulators" - vdd_s1-supply: @@ -80,6 +81,56 @@ Regulator nodes are identified by their compatible: - vdd_s10-supply: - vdd_s11-supply: - vdd_s12-supply: +- vdd_l1-supply: +- vdd_l2_l26_l28-supply: +- vdd_l3_l11-supply: +- vdd_l4_l27_l31-supply: +- vdd_l5_l7-supply: +- vdd_l6_l12_l32-supply: +- vdd_l5_l7-supply: +- vdd_l8_l16_l30-supply: +- vdd_l9_l10_l18_l22-supply: +- vdd_l9_l10_l18_l22-supply: +- vdd_l3_l11-supply: +- vdd_l6_l12_l32-supply: +- vdd_l13_l19_l23_l24-supply: +- vdd_l14_l15-supply: +- vdd_l14_l15-supply: +- vdd_l8_l16_l30-supply: +- vdd_l17_l29-supply: +- vdd_l9_l10_l18_l22-supply: +- vdd_l13_l19_l23_l24-supply: +- vdd_l20_l21-supply: +- vdd_l20_l21-supply: +- vdd_l9_l10_l18_l22-supply: +- vdd_l13_l19_l23_l24-supply: +- vdd_l13_l19_l23_l24-supply: +- vdd_l25-supply: +- vdd_l2_l26_l28-supply: +- vdd_l4_l27_l31-supply: +- vdd_l2_l26_l28-supply: +- vdd_l17_l29-supply: +- vdd_l8_l16_l30-supply: +- vdd_l4_l27_l31-supply: +- vdd_l6_l12_l32-supply: +- vdd_lvs1_2-supply: + Usage: optional (pm8994 only) + Value type: <phandle> + Definition: reference to regulator supplying the input pin, as + described in the data sheet + +- vdd_s1-supply: +- vdd_s2-supply: +- vdd_s3-supply: +- vdd_s4-supply: +- vdd_s5-supply: +- vdd_s6-supply: +- vdd_s7-supply: +- vdd_s8-supply: +- vdd_s9-supply: +- vdd_s10-supply: +- vdd_s11-supply: +- vdd_s12-supply: - vdd_l1_l11-supply: - vdd_l2_l3_l4_l27-supply: - vdd_l5_l7-supply: @@ -113,6 +164,11 @@ pm8941: l14, l15, l16, l17, l18, l19, l20, l21, l22, l23, l24, lvs1, lvs2, lvs3, 5vs1, 5vs2 +pm8994: + s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8, s9, s10, s11, s12, l1, l2, l3, l4, l5, + l6, l7, l8, l9, l10, l11, l12, l13, l14, l15, l16, l17, l18, l19, l20, + l21, l22, l23, l24, l25, l26, l27, l28, l29, l30, l31, l32, lvs1, lvs2 + pma8084: s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8, s9, s10, s11, s12, l1, l2, l3, l4, l5, l6, l7, l8, l9, l10, l11, l12, l13, l14, l15, l16, l17, l18, l19, l20, diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-lantiq-ssc.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-lantiq-ssc.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6069b95a883d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-lantiq-ssc.txt @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +Lantiq Synchronous Serial Controller (SSC) SPI master driver + +Required properties: +- compatible: "lantiq,ase-spi", "lantiq,falcon-spi", "lantiq,xrx100-spi" +- #address-cells: see spi-bus.txt +- #size-cells: see spi-bus.txt +- reg: address and length of the spi master registers +- interrupts: should contain the "spi_rx", "spi_tx" and "spi_err" interrupt. + + +Optional properties: +- clocks: spi clock phandle +- num-cs: see spi-bus.txt, set to 8 if unset +- base-cs: the number of the first chip select, set to 1 if unset. + +Example: + + +spi: spi@E100800 { + compatible = "lantiq,xrx200-spi", "lantiq,xrx100-spi"; + reg = <0xE100800 0x100>; + interrupt-parent = <&icu0>; + interrupts = <22 23 24>; + interrupt-names = "spi_rx", "spi_tx", "spi_err"; + #address-cells = <1>; + #size-cells = <1>; + num-cs = <6>; + base-cs = <1>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rockchip.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rockchip.txt index d2ca153614f9..83da4931d832 100644 --- a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rockchip.txt +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/spi/spi-rockchip.txt @@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ Optional Properties: - rx-sample-delay-ns: nanoseconds to delay after the SCLK edge before sampling Rx data (may need to be fine tuned for high capacitance lines). No delay (0) by default. +- pinctrl-names: Names for the pin configuration(s); may be "default" or + "sleep", where the "sleep" configuration may describe the state + the pins should be in during system suspend. See also + pinctrl/pinctrl-bindings.txt. Example: @@ -46,4 +50,7 @@ Example: interrupts = <GIC_SPI 44 IRQ_TYPE_LEVEL_HIGH>; clocks = <&cru SCLK_SPI0>, <&cru PCLK_SPI0>; clock-names = "spiclk", "apb_pclk"; + pinctrl-0 = <&spi1_pins>; + pinctrl-1 = <&spi1_sleep>; + pinctrl-names = "default", "sleep"; }; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/cortina,gemini-timer.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/cortina,gemini-timer.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..16ea1d3b2e9e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/cortina,gemini-timer.txt @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +Cortina Systems Gemini timer + +This timer is embedded in the Cortina Systems Gemini SoCs. + +Required properties: + +- compatible : Must be "cortina,gemini-timer" +- reg : Should contain registers location and length +- interrupts : Should contain the three timer interrupts with + flags for rising edge +- syscon : a phandle to the global Gemini system controller + +Example: + +timer@43000000 { + compatible = "cortina,gemini-timer"; + reg = <0x43000000 0x1000>; + interrupts = <14 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING>, /* Timer 1 */ + <15 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING>, /* Timer 2 */ + <16 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING>; /* Timer 3 */ + syscon = <&syscon>; +}; diff --git a/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,ostm.txt b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,ostm.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..be3ae0fdf775 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/timer/renesas,ostm.txt @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +* Renesas OS Timer (OSTM) + +The OSTM is a multi-channel 32-bit timer/counter with fixed clock +source that can operate in either interval count down timer or free-running +compare match mode. + +Channels are independent from each other. + +Required Properties: + + - compatible: must be one or more of the following: + - "renesas,r7s72100-ostm" for the r7s72100 OSTM + - "renesas,ostm" for any OSTM + This is a fallback for the above renesas,*-ostm entries + + - reg: base address and length of the register block for a timer channel. + + - interrupts: interrupt specifier for the timer channel. + + - clocks: clock specifier for the timer channel. + +Example: R7S72100 (RZ/A1H) OSTM node + + ostm0: timer@fcfec000 { + compatible = "renesas,r7s72100-ostm", "renesas,ostm"; + reg = <0xfcfec000 0x30>; + interrupts = <GIC_SPI 102 IRQ_TYPE_EDGE_RISING>; + clocks = <&mstp5_clks R7S72100_CLK_OSTM0>; + power-domains = <&cpg_clocks>; + }; diff --git a/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt b/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt index ca9d1eb46bc0..bf34d5b3a733 100644 --- a/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt +++ b/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt @@ -306,6 +306,11 @@ IRQ devm_request_any_context_irq() devm_request_irq() devm_request_threaded_irq() + devm_irq_alloc_descs() + devm_irq_alloc_desc() + devm_irq_alloc_desc_at() + devm_irq_alloc_desc_from() + devm_irq_alloc_descs_from() LED devm_led_classdev_register() diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt index 72624a16b792..c94b4675d021 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt @@ -212,10 +212,11 @@ asynchronous manner and the value may not be very precise. To see a precise snapshot of a moment, you can see /proc/<pid>/smaps file and scan page table. It's slow but very precise. -Table 1-2: Contents of the status files (as of 4.1) +Table 1-2: Contents of the status files (as of 4.8) .............................................................................. Field Content Name filename of the executable + Umask file mode creation mask State state (R is running, S is sleeping, D is sleeping in an uninterruptible wait, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped) @@ -226,7 +227,6 @@ Table 1-2: Contents of the status files (as of 4.1) TracerPid PID of process tracing this process (0 if not) Uid Real, effective, saved set, and file system UIDs Gid Real, effective, saved set, and file system GIDs - Umask file mode creation mask FDSize number of file descriptor slots currently allocated Groups supplementary group list NStgid descendant namespace thread group ID hierarchy @@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ Table 1-2: Contents of the status files (as of 4.1) VmPeak peak virtual memory size VmSize total program size VmLck locked memory size + VmPin pinned memory size VmHWM peak resident set size ("high water mark") VmRSS size of memory portions. It contains the three following parts (VmRSS = RssAnon + RssFile + RssShmem) diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/hwmon-kernel-api.txt b/Documentation/hwmon/hwmon-kernel-api.txt index 2505ae67e2b6..53a806696c64 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/hwmon-kernel-api.txt +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/hwmon-kernel-api.txt @@ -89,6 +89,10 @@ the call to devm_hwmon_device_register_with_groups or hwmon_device_register_with_info and if the automatic (device managed) removal would be too late. +All supported hwmon device registration functions only accept valid device +names. Device names including invalid characters (whitespace, '*', or '-') +will be rejected. The 'name' parameter is mandatory. + Using devm_hwmon_device_register_with_info() -------------------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/lm70 b/Documentation/hwmon/lm70 index 1bb2db440671..c3a1f2ea017d 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/lm70 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/lm70 @@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Supported chips: Datasheet: http://www.national.com/pf/LM/LM70.html * Texas Instruments TMP121/TMP123 Information: http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/tmp121.html + * Texas Instruments TMP122/TMP124 + Information: http://www.ti.com/product/tmp122 * National Semiconductor LM71 Datasheet: http://www.ti.com/product/LM71 * National Semiconductor LM74 @@ -35,8 +37,10 @@ As a real (in-tree) example of this "SPI protocol driver" interfacing with a "SPI master controller driver", see drivers/spi/spi_lm70llp.c and its associated documentation. -The LM74 and TMP121/TMP123 are very similar; main difference is 13-bit -temperature data (0.0625 degrees celsius resolution). +The LM74 and TMP121/TMP122/TMP123/TMP124 are very similar; main difference is +13-bit temperature data (0.0625 degrees celsius resolution). + +The TMP122/TMP124 also feature configurable temperature thresholds. The LM71 is also very similar; main difference is 14-bit temperature data (0.03125 degrees celsius resolution). diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/sht21 b/Documentation/hwmon/sht21 index db17fda45c3e..47f4765db256 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/sht21 +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/sht21 @@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ sysfs-Interface temp1_input - temperature input humidity1_input - humidity input +eic - Electronic Identification Code Notes ----- @@ -45,5 +46,5 @@ humidity and 66 ms for temperature. To keep self heating below 0.1 degree Celsius, the device should not be active for more than 10% of the time, e.g. maximum two measurements per second at the given resolution. -Different resolutions, the on-chip heater, using the CRC checksum and reading -the serial number are not supported yet. +Different resolutions, the on-chip heater, and using the CRC checksum +are not supported yet. diff --git a/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface b/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface index 2cc95ad46604..fc337c317c67 100644 --- a/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface +++ b/Documentation/hwmon/sysfs-interface @@ -86,8 +86,9 @@ given driver if the chip has the feature. name The chip name. This should be a short, lowercase string, not containing - spaces nor dashes, representing the chip name. This is - the only mandatory attribute. + whitespace, dashes, or the wildcard character '*'. + This attribute represents the chip name. It is the only + mandatory attribute. I2C devices get this attribute created automatically. RO diff --git a/Documentation/leds/leds-class.txt b/Documentation/leds/leds-class.txt index f1f7ec9f5cc5..836cb16d6f09 100644 --- a/Documentation/leds/leds-class.txt +++ b/Documentation/leds/leds-class.txt @@ -65,6 +65,21 @@ LED subsystem core exposes following API for setting brightness: blinking, returns -EBUSY if software blink fallback is enabled. +LED registration API +==================== + +A driver wanting to register a LED classdev for use by other drivers / +userspace needs to allocate and fill a led_classdev struct and then call +[devm_]led_classdev_register. If the non devm version is used the driver +must call led_classdev_unregister from its remove function before +free-ing the led_classdev struct. + +If the driver can detect hardware initiated brightness changes and thus +wants to have a brightness_hw_changed attribute then the LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED +flag must be set in flags before registering. Calling +led_classdev_notify_brightness_hw_changed on a classdev not registered with +the LED_BRIGHT_HW_CHANGED flag is a bug and will trigger a WARN_ON. + Hardware accelerated blink of LEDs ================================== diff --git a/Documentation/livepatch/livepatch.txt b/Documentation/livepatch/livepatch.txt index f5967316deb9..7f04e13ec53d 100644 --- a/Documentation/livepatch/livepatch.txt +++ b/Documentation/livepatch/livepatch.txt @@ -329,25 +329,6 @@ The current Livepatch implementation has several limitations: by "notrace". - + Anything inlined into __schedule() can not be patched. - - The switch_to macro is inlined into __schedule(). It switches the - context between two processes in the middle of the macro. It does - not save RIP in x86_64 version (contrary to 32-bit version). Instead, - the currently used __schedule()/switch_to() handles both processes. - - Now, let's have two different tasks. One calls the original - __schedule(), its registers are stored in a defined order and it - goes to sleep in the switch_to macro and some other task is restored - using the original __schedule(). Then there is the second task which - calls patched__schedule(), it goes to sleep there and the first task - is picked by the patched__schedule(). Its RSP is restored and now - the registers should be restored as well. But the order is different - in the new patched__schedule(), so... - - There is work in progress to remove this limitation. - - + Livepatch modules can not be removed. The current implementation just redirects the functions at the very diff --git a/Documentation/locking/ww-mutex-design.txt b/Documentation/locking/ww-mutex-design.txt index 8a112dc304c3..34c3a1b50b9a 100644 --- a/Documentation/locking/ww-mutex-design.txt +++ b/Documentation/locking/ww-mutex-design.txt @@ -309,11 +309,15 @@ Design: normal mutex locks, which are far more common. As such there is only a small increase in code size if wait/wound mutexes are not used. + We maintain the following invariants for the wait list: + (1) Waiters with an acquire context are sorted by stamp order; waiters + without an acquire context are interspersed in FIFO order. + (2) Among waiters with contexts, only the first one can have other locks + acquired already (ctx->acquired > 0). Note that this waiter may come + after other waiters without contexts in the list. + In general, not much contention is expected. The locks are typically used to - serialize access to resources for devices. The only way to make wakeups - smarter would be at the cost of adding a field to struct mutex_waiter. This - would add overhead to all cases where normal mutexes are used, and - ww_mutexes are generally less performance sensitive. + serialize access to resources for devices. Lockdep: Special care has been taken to warn for as many cases of api abuse diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-close.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-close.rst index 8267c31b317d..895d9c2d1c04 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-close.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-close.rst @@ -33,11 +33,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - Closes the cec device. Resources associated with the file descriptor are freed. The device configuration remain unchanged. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-ioctl.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-ioctl.rst index 9e8dbb118d6a..7dcfd178fb24 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-ioctl.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-ioctl.rst @@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - The :c:func:`ioctl()` function manipulates cec device parameters. The argument ``fd`` must be an open file descriptor. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-open.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-open.rst index af3f5b5c24c6..0304388cd159 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-open.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-open.rst @@ -46,11 +46,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - To open a cec device applications call :c:func:`open()` with the desired device name. The function has no side effects; the device configuration remain unchanged. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-poll.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-poll.rst index cfb73e6027a5..6a863cfda6e0 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-poll.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-func-poll.rst @@ -39,11 +39,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - With the :c:func:`poll()` function applications can wait for CEC events. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-intro.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-intro.rst index 4a19ea5323a9..07ee2b8f89d6 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-intro.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-intro.rst @@ -3,11 +3,6 @@ Introduction ============ -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - HDMI connectors provide a single pin for use by the Consumer Electronics Control protocol. This protocol allows different devices connected by an HDMI cable to communicate. The protocol for CEC version 1.4 is defined @@ -31,3 +26,15 @@ control just the CEC pin. Drivers that support CEC will create a CEC device node (/dev/cecX) to give userspace access to the CEC adapter. The :ref:`CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS` ioctl will tell userspace what it is allowed to do. + +In order to check the support and test it, it is suggested to download +the `v4l-utils <https://git.linuxtv.org/v4l-utils.git/>`_ package. It +provides three tools to handle CEC: + +- cec-ctl: the Swiss army knife of CEC. Allows you to configure, transmit + and monitor CEC messages. + +- cec-compliance: does a CEC compliance test of a remote CEC device to + determine how compliant the CEC implementation is. + +- cec-follower: emulates a CEC follower. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-caps.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-caps.rst index 2b0ddb14b280..a0e961f11017 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-caps.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-caps.rst @@ -29,11 +29,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - All cec devices must support :ref:`ioctl CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS <CEC_ADAP_G_CAPS>`. To query device information, applications call the ioctl with a pointer to a struct :c:type:`cec_caps`. The driver fills the structure and diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-log-addrs.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-log-addrs.rst index b878637e91b3..09f09bbe28d4 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-log-addrs.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-log-addrs.rst @@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - To query the current CEC logical addresses, applications call :ref:`ioctl CEC_ADAP_G_LOG_ADDRS <CEC_ADAP_G_LOG_ADDRS>` with a pointer to a struct :c:type:`cec_log_addrs` where the driver stores the logical addresses. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-phys-addr.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-phys-addr.rst index 3357deb43c85..a3cdc75cec3e 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-phys-addr.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-adap-g-phys-addr.rst @@ -35,11 +35,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - To query the current physical address applications call :ref:`ioctl CEC_ADAP_G_PHYS_ADDR <CEC_ADAP_G_PHYS_ADDR>` with a pointer to a __u16 where the driver stores the physical address. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-dqevent.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-dqevent.rst index e256c6605de7..6e589a1fae17 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-dqevent.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-dqevent.rst @@ -30,11 +30,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - CEC devices can send asynchronous events. These can be retrieved by calling :c:func:`CEC_DQEVENT`. If the file descriptor is in non-blocking mode and no event is pending, then it will return -1 and diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-g-mode.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-g-mode.rst index 4f5818b9d277..e4ded9df0a84 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-g-mode.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-g-mode.rst @@ -31,11 +31,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - By default any filehandle can use :ref:`CEC_TRANSMIT`, but in order to prevent applications from stepping on each others toes it must be possible to obtain exclusive access to the CEC adapter. This ioctl sets the diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-receive.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-receive.rst index bdf015b1d1dc..dc2adb391c0a 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-receive.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/cec/cec-ioc-receive.rst @@ -34,11 +34,6 @@ Arguments Description =========== -.. note:: - - This documents the proposed CEC API. This API is not yet finalized - and is currently only available as a staging kernel module. - To receive a CEC message the application has to fill in the ``timeout`` field of struct :c:type:`cec_msg` and pass it to :ref:`ioctl CEC_RECEIVE <CEC_RECEIVE>`. diff --git a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-007.rst b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-007.rst index 44bb5a7059b3..95a23a28c595 100644 --- a/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-007.rst +++ b/Documentation/media/uapi/v4l/pixfmt-007.rst @@ -211,7 +211,13 @@ Colorspace sRGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB) The :ref:`srgb` standard defines the colorspace used by most webcams and computer graphics. The default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is -``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is full range. +``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. + +Note that the :ref:`sycc` standard specifies full range quantization, +however all current capture hardware supported by the kernel convert +R'G'B' to limited range Y'CbCr. So choosing full range as the default +would break how applications interpret the quantization range. + The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference are: @@ -276,7 +282,7 @@ the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding as defined by :ref:`sycc`: Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range [-0.5…0.5]. This transform is identical to one defined in SMPTE -170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is full range. +170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. .. _col-adobergb: @@ -288,10 +294,15 @@ The :ref:`adobergb` standard defines the colorspace used by computer graphics that use the AdobeRGB colorspace. This is also known as the :ref:`oprgb` standard. The default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_ADOBERGB``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is -``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is full -range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference -are: +``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited +range. + +Note that the :ref:`oprgb` standard specifies full range quantization, +however all current capture hardware supported by the kernel convert +R'G'B' to limited range Y'CbCr. So choosing full range as the default +would break how applications interpret the quantization range. +The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference are: .. tabularcolumns:: |p{4.4cm}|p{4.4cm}|p{8.7cm}| @@ -344,7 +355,7 @@ the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding: Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range [-0.5…0.5]. This transform is identical to one defined in SMPTE -170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is full range. +170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. .. _col-bt2020: diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt index ba818ecce6f9..d2b0a8d81258 100644 --- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt +++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt @@ -640,6 +640,10 @@ See also the subsection on "Cache Coherency" for a more thorough example. CONTROL DEPENDENCIES -------------------- +Control dependencies can be a bit tricky because current compilers do +not understand them. The purpose of this section is to help you prevent +the compiler's ignorance from breaking your code. + A load-load control dependency requires a full read memory barrier, not simply a data dependency barrier to make it work correctly. Consider the following bit of code: @@ -667,14 +671,15 @@ for load-store control dependencies, as in the following example: q = READ_ONCE(a); if (q) { - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); } -Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers. That -said, please note that READ_ONCE() is not optional! Without the -READ_ONCE(), the compiler might combine the load from 'a' with other -loads from 'a', and the store to 'b' with other stores to 'b', with -possible highly counterintuitive effects on ordering. +Control dependencies pair normally with other types of barriers. +That said, please note that neither READ_ONCE() nor WRITE_ONCE() +are optional! Without the READ_ONCE(), the compiler might combine the +load from 'a' with other loads from 'a'. Without the WRITE_ONCE(), +the compiler might combine the store to 'b' with other stores to 'b'. +Either can result in highly counterintuitive effects on ordering. Worse yet, if the compiler is able to prove (say) that the value of variable 'a' is always non-zero, it would be well within its rights @@ -682,7 +687,7 @@ to optimize the original example by eliminating the "if" statement as follows: q = a; - b = p; /* BUG: Compiler and CPU can both reorder!!! */ + b = 1; /* BUG: Compiler and CPU can both reorder!!! */ So don't leave out the READ_ONCE(). @@ -692,11 +697,11 @@ branches of the "if" statement as follows: q = READ_ONCE(a); if (q) { barrier(); - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); do_something(); } else { barrier(); - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); do_something_else(); } @@ -705,12 +710,12 @@ optimization levels: q = READ_ONCE(a); barrier(); - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); /* BUG: No ordering vs. load from a!!! */ + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); /* BUG: No ordering vs. load from a!!! */ if (q) { - /* WRITE_ONCE(b, p); -- moved up, BUG!!! */ + /* WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); -- moved up, BUG!!! */ do_something(); } else { - /* WRITE_ONCE(b, p); -- moved up, BUG!!! */ + /* WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); -- moved up, BUG!!! */ do_something_else(); } @@ -723,10 +728,10 @@ memory barriers, for example, smp_store_release(): q = READ_ONCE(a); if (q) { - smp_store_release(&b, p); + smp_store_release(&b, 1); do_something(); } else { - smp_store_release(&b, p); + smp_store_release(&b, 1); do_something_else(); } @@ -735,10 +740,10 @@ ordering is guaranteed only when the stores differ, for example: q = READ_ONCE(a); if (q) { - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); do_something(); } else { - WRITE_ONCE(b, r); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 2); do_something_else(); } @@ -751,10 +756,10 @@ the needed conditional. For example: q = READ_ONCE(a); if (q % MAX) { - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); do_something(); } else { - WRITE_ONCE(b, r); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 2); do_something_else(); } @@ -763,7 +768,7 @@ equal to zero, in which case the compiler is within its rights to transform the above code into the following: q = READ_ONCE(a); - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); do_something_else(); Given this transformation, the CPU is not required to respect the ordering @@ -776,10 +781,10 @@ one, perhaps as follows: q = READ_ONCE(a); BUILD_BUG_ON(MAX <= 1); /* Order load from a with store to b. */ if (q % MAX) { - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); do_something(); } else { - WRITE_ONCE(b, r); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 2); do_something_else(); } @@ -812,30 +817,28 @@ not necessarily apply to code following the if-statement: q = READ_ONCE(a); if (q) { - WRITE_ONCE(b, p); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 1); } else { - WRITE_ONCE(b, r); + WRITE_ONCE(b, 2); } - WRITE_ONCE(c, 1); /* BUG: No ordering against the read from "a". */ + WRITE_ONCE(c, 1); /* BUG: No ordering against the read from 'a'. */ It is tempting to argue that there in fact is ordering because the compiler cannot reorder volatile accesses and also cannot reorder -the writes to "b" with the condition. Unfortunately for this line -of reasoning, the compiler might compile the two writes to "b" as +the writes to 'b' with the condition. Unfortunately for this line +of reasoning, the compiler might compile the two writes to 'b' as conditional-move instructions, as in this fanciful pseudo-assembly language: ld r1,a - ld r2,p - ld r3,r cmp r1,$0 - cmov,ne r4,r2 - cmov,eq r4,r3 + cmov,ne r4,$1 + cmov,eq r4,$2 st r4,b st $1,c A weakly ordered CPU would have no dependency of any sort between the load -from "a" and the store to "c". The control dependencies would extend +from 'a' and the store to 'c'. The control dependencies would extend only to the pair of cmov instructions and the store depending on them. In short, control dependencies apply only to the stores in the then-clause and else-clause of the if-statement in question (including functions @@ -843,7 +846,7 @@ invoked by those two clauses), not to code following that if-statement. Finally, control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. This is demonstrated by two related examples, with the initial values of -x and y both being zero: +'x' and 'y' both being zero: CPU 0 CPU 1 ======================= ======================= @@ -915,6 +918,9 @@ In summary: (*) Control dependencies do -not- provide transitivity. If you need transitivity, use smp_mb(). + (*) Compilers do not understand control dependencies. It is therefore + your job to ensure that they do not break your code. + SMP BARRIER PAIRING ------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/mtd/intel-spi.txt b/Documentation/mtd/intel-spi.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..bc357729c2cb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/mtd/intel-spi.txt @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@ +Upgrading BIOS using intel-spi +------------------------------ + +Many Intel CPUs like Baytrail and Braswell include SPI serial flash host +controller which is used to hold BIOS and other platform specific data. +Since contents of the SPI serial flash is crucial for machine to function, +it is typically protected by different hardware protection mechanisms to +avoid accidental (or on purpose) overwrite of the content. + +Not all manufacturers protect the SPI serial flash, mainly because it +allows upgrading the BIOS image directly from an OS. + +The intel-spi driver makes it possible to read and write the SPI serial +flash, if certain protection bits are not set and locked. If it finds +any of them set, the whole MTD device is made read-only to prevent +partial overwrites. By default the driver exposes SPI serial flash +contents as read-only but it can be changed from kernel command line, +passing "intel-spi.writeable=1". + +Please keep in mind that overwriting the BIOS image on SPI serial flash +might render the machine unbootable and requires special equipment like +Dediprog to revive. You have been warned! + +Below are the steps how to upgrade MinnowBoard MAX BIOS directly from +Linux. + + 1) Download and extract the latest Minnowboard MAX BIOS SPI image + [1]. At the time writing this the latest image is v92. + + 2) Install mtd-utils package [2]. We need this in order to erase the SPI + serial flash. Distros like Debian and Fedora have this prepackaged with + name "mtd-utils". + + 3) Add "intel-spi.writeable=1" to the kernel command line and reboot + the board (you can also reload the driver passing "writeable=1" as + module parameter to modprobe). + + 4) Once the board is up and running again, find the right MTD partition + (it is named as "BIOS"): + + # cat /proc/mtd + dev: size erasesize name + mtd0: 00800000 00001000 "BIOS" + + So here it will be /dev/mtd0 but it may vary. + + 5) Make backup of the existing image first: + + # dd if=/dev/mtd0ro of=bios.bak + 16384+0 records in + 16384+0 records out + 8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 10.0269 s, 837 kB/s + + 6) Verify the backup + + # sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro bios.bak + fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73 /dev/mtd0ro + fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73 bios.bak + + The SHA1 sums must match. Otherwise do not continue any further! + + 7) Erase the SPI serial flash. After this step, do not reboot the + board! Otherwise it will not start anymore. + + # flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 0 + Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 7ff000 -- 100 % complete + + 8) Once completed without errors you can write the new BIOS image: + + # dd if=MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin of=/dev/mtd0 + + 9) Verify that the new content of the SPI serial flash matches the new + BIOS image: + + # sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin + 9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2 /dev/mtd0ro + 9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2 MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin + + The SHA1 sums should match. + + 10) Now you can reboot your board and observe the new BIOS starting up + properly. + +References +---------- + +[1] https://firmware.intel.com/sites/default/files/MinnowBoard.MAX_.X64.92.R01.zip +[2] http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/ diff --git a/Documentation/power/opp.txt b/Documentation/power/opp.txt index c6279c2be47c..0c007e250cd1 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/opp.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/opp.txt @@ -79,22 +79,6 @@ dependent subsystems such as cpufreq are left to the discretion of the SoC specific framework which uses the OPP library. Similar care needs to be taken care to refresh the cpufreq table in cases of these operations. -WARNING on OPP List locking mechanism: -------------------------------------------------- -OPP library uses RCU for exclusivity. RCU allows the query functions to operate -in multiple contexts and this synchronization mechanism is optimal for a read -intensive operations on data structure as the OPP library caters to. - -To ensure that the data retrieved are sane, the users such as SoC framework -should ensure that the section of code operating on OPP queries are locked -using RCU read locks. The opp_find_freq_{exact,ceil,floor}, -opp_get_{voltage, freq, opp_count} fall into this category. - -opp_{add,enable,disable} are updaters which use mutex and implement it's own -RCU locking mechanisms. These functions should *NOT* be called under RCU locks -and other contexts that prevent blocking functions in RCU or mutex operations -from working. - 2. Initial OPP List Registration ================================ The SoC implementation calls dev_pm_opp_add function iteratively to add OPPs per @@ -137,15 +121,18 @@ functions return the matching pointer representing the opp if a match is found, else returns error. These errors are expected to be handled by standard error checks such as IS_ERR() and appropriate actions taken by the caller. +Callers of these functions shall call dev_pm_opp_put() after they have used the +OPP. Otherwise the memory for the OPP will never get freed and result in +memleak. + dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact - Search for an OPP based on an *exact* frequency and availability. This function is especially useful to enable an OPP which is not available by default. Example: In a case when SoC framework detects a situation where a higher frequency could be made available, it can use this function to find the OPP prior to call the dev_pm_opp_enable to actually make it available. - rcu_read_lock(); opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, false); - rcu_read_unlock(); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); /* dont operate on the pointer.. just do a sanity check.. */ if (IS_ERR(opp)) { pr_err("frequency not disabled!\n"); @@ -163,9 +150,8 @@ dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor - Search for an available OPP which is *at most* the frequency. Example: To find the highest opp for a device: freq = ULONG_MAX; - rcu_read_lock(); - dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev, &freq); - rcu_read_unlock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev, &freq); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil - Search for an available OPP which is *at least* the provided frequency. This function is useful while searching for a @@ -173,17 +159,15 @@ dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil - Search for an available OPP which is *at least* the frequency. Example 1: To find the lowest opp for a device: freq = 0; - rcu_read_lock(); - dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); - rcu_read_unlock(); + opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); Example 2: A simplified implementation of a SoC cpufreq_driver->target: soc_cpufreq_target(..) { /* Do stuff like policy checks etc. */ /* Find the best frequency match for the req */ - rcu_read_lock(); opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); - rcu_read_unlock(); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); if (!IS_ERR(opp)) soc_switch_to_freq_voltage(freq); else @@ -208,9 +192,8 @@ dev_pm_opp_enable - Make a OPP available for operation. implementation might choose to do something as follows: if (cur_temp < temp_low_thresh) { /* Enable 1GHz if it was disabled */ - rcu_read_lock(); opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, false); - rcu_read_unlock(); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); /* just error check */ if (!IS_ERR(opp)) ret = dev_pm_opp_enable(dev, 1000000000); @@ -224,9 +207,8 @@ dev_pm_opp_disable - Make an OPP to be not available for operation choose to do something as follows: if (cur_temp > temp_high_thresh) { /* Disable 1GHz if it was enabled */ - rcu_read_lock(); opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_exact(dev, 1000000000, true); - rcu_read_unlock(); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); /* just error check */ if (!IS_ERR(opp)) ret = dev_pm_opp_disable(dev, 1000000000); @@ -249,10 +231,9 @@ dev_pm_opp_get_voltage - Retrieve the voltage represented by the opp pointer. soc_switch_to_freq_voltage(freq) { /* do things */ - rcu_read_lock(); opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev, &freq); v = dev_pm_opp_get_voltage(opp); - rcu_read_unlock(); + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); if (v) regulator_set_voltage(.., v); /* do other things */ @@ -266,12 +247,12 @@ dev_pm_opp_get_freq - Retrieve the freq represented by the opp pointer. { /* do things.. */ max_freq = ULONG_MAX; - rcu_read_lock(); max_opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_floor(dev,&max_freq); requested_opp = dev_pm_opp_find_freq_ceil(dev,&freq); if (!IS_ERR(max_opp) && !IS_ERR(requested_opp)) r = soc_test_validity(max_opp, requested_opp); - rcu_read_unlock(); + dev_pm_opp_put(max_opp); + dev_pm_opp_put(requested_opp); /* do other things */ } soc_test_validity(..) @@ -289,7 +270,6 @@ dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count - Retrieve the number of available opps for a device soc_notify_coproc_available_frequencies() { /* Do things */ - rcu_read_lock(); num_available = dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count(dev); speeds = kzalloc(sizeof(u32) * num_available, GFP_KERNEL); /* populate the table in increasing order */ @@ -298,8 +278,8 @@ dev_pm_opp_get_opp_count - Retrieve the number of available opps for a device speeds[i] = freq; freq++; i++; + dev_pm_opp_put(opp); } - rcu_read_unlock(); soc_notify_coproc(AVAILABLE_FREQs, speeds, num_available); /* Do other things */ diff --git a/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt b/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt index 129f7c0e1483..21d2d48f87a2 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/pm_qos_interface.txt @@ -163,8 +163,7 @@ of flags and remove sysfs attributes pm_qos_no_power_off and pm_qos_remote_wakeu under the device's power directory. Notification mechanisms: -The per-device PM QoS framework has 2 different and distinct notification trees: -a per-device notification tree and a global notification tree. +The per-device PM QoS framework has a per-device notification tree. int dev_pm_qos_add_notifier(device, notifier): Adds a notification callback function for the device. @@ -174,16 +173,6 @@ is changed (for resume latency device PM QoS only). int dev_pm_qos_remove_notifier(device, notifier): Removes the notification callback function for the device. -int dev_pm_qos_add_global_notifier(notifier): -Adds a notification callback function in the global notification tree of the -framework. -The callback is called when the aggregated value for any device is changed -(for resume latency device PM QoS only). - -int dev_pm_qos_remove_global_notifier(notifier): -Removes the notification callback function from the global notification tree -of the framework. - Active state latency tolerance diff --git a/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt b/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt index 4870980e967e..64546eb9a16a 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ knows what to do to handle the device). * If the suspend callback returns an error code different from -EBUSY and -EAGAIN, the PM core regards this as a fatal error and will refuse to run the helper functions described in Section 4 for the device until its status - is directly set to either'active', or 'suspended' (the PM core provides + is directly set to either 'active', or 'suspended' (the PM core provides special helper functions for this purpose). In particular, if the driver requires remote wakeup capability (i.e. hardware @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ defined in include/linux/pm.h: one to complete spinlock_t lock; - - lock used for synchronisation + - lock used for synchronization atomic_t usage_count; - the usage counter of the device @@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ appropriate to ensure that the device is not put back to sleep during the probe. This can happen with systems such as the network device layer. It may be desirable to suspend the device once ->probe() has finished. -Therefore the driver core uses the asyncronous pm_request_idle() to submit a +Therefore the driver core uses the asynchronous pm_request_idle() to submit a request to execute the subsystem-level idle callback for the device at that time. A driver that makes use of the runtime autosuspend feature, may want to update the last busy mark before returning from ->probe(). diff --git a/Documentation/power/states.txt b/Documentation/power/states.txt index 8a39ce45d8a0..bc4548245a24 100644 --- a/Documentation/power/states.txt +++ b/Documentation/power/states.txt @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ to be used subsequently to change to the one represented by that string. Consequently, there are two ways to cause the system to go into the Suspend-To-Idle sleep state. The first one is to write "freeze" directly to /sys/power/state. The second one is to write "s2idle" to /sys/power/mem_sleep -and then to wrtie "mem" to /sys/power/state. Similarly, there are two ways +and then to write "mem" to /sys/power/state. Similarly, there are two ways to cause the system to go into the Power-On Suspend sleep state (the strings to write to the control files in that case are "standby" or "shallow" and "mem", respectively) if that state is supported by the platform. In turn, there is @@ -35,9 +35,7 @@ only one way to cause the system to go into the Suspend-To-RAM state (write The default suspend mode (ie. the one to be used without writing anything into /sys/power/mem_sleep) is either "deep" (if Suspend-To-RAM is supported) or "s2idle", but it can be overridden by the value of the "mem_sleep_default" -parameter in the kernel command line. On some ACPI-based systems, depending on -the information in the FADT, the default may be "s2idle" even if Suspend-To-RAM -is supported. +parameter in the kernel command line. The properties of all of the sleep states are described below. diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.txt index 8e37b0ba2c9d..cbc1b46cbf70 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-deadline.txt @@ -408,6 +408,11 @@ CONTENTS * the new scheduling related syscalls that manipulate it, i.e., sched_setattr() and sched_getattr() are implemented. + For debugging purposes, the leftover runtime and absolute deadline of a + SCHED_DEADLINE task can be retrieved through /proc/<pid>/sched (entries + dl.runtime and dl.deadline, both values in ns). A programmatic way to + retrieve these values from production code is under discussion. + 4.3 Default behavior --------------------- @@ -476,6 +481,7 @@ CONTENTS Still missing: + - programmatic way to retrieve current runtime and absolute deadline - refinements to deadline inheritance, especially regarding the possibility of retaining bandwidth isolation among non-interacting tasks. This is being studied from both theoretical and practical points of view, and diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt index a03f0d944fe6..d8fce3e78457 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt @@ -158,11 +158,11 @@ as its prone to starvation without deadline scheduling. Consider two sibling groups A and B; both have 50% bandwidth, but A's period is twice the length of B's. -* group A: period=100000us, runtime=10000us - - this runs for 0.01s once every 0.1s +* group A: period=100000us, runtime=50000us + - this runs for 0.05s once every 0.1s -* group B: period= 50000us, runtime=10000us - - this runs for 0.01s twice every 0.1s (or once every 0.05 sec). +* group B: period= 50000us, runtime=25000us + - this runs for 0.025s twice every 0.1s (or once every 0.05 sec). This means that currently a while (1) loop in A will run for the full period of B and can starve B's tasks (assuming they are of lower priority) for a whole diff --git a/Documentation/spi/ep93xx_spi b/Documentation/spi/ep93xx_spi deleted file mode 100644 index 832ddce6e5fb..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/spi/ep93xx_spi +++ /dev/null @@ -1,105 +0,0 @@ -Cirrus EP93xx SPI controller driver HOWTO -========================================= - -ep93xx_spi driver brings SPI master support for EP93xx SPI controller. Chip -selects are implemented with GPIO lines. - -NOTE: If possible, don't use SFRMOUT (SFRM1) signal as a chip select. It will -not work correctly (it cannot be controlled by software). Use GPIO lines -instead. - -Sample configuration -==================== - -Typically driver configuration is done in platform board files (the files under -arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/*.c). In this example we configure MMC over SPI through -this driver on TS-7260 board. You can adapt the code to suit your needs. - -This example uses EGPIO9 as SD/MMC card chip select (this is wired in DIO1 -header on the board). - -You need to select CONFIG_MMC_SPI to use mmc_spi driver. - -arch/arm/mach-ep93xx/ts72xx.c: - -... -#include <linux/gpio.h> -#include <linux/spi/spi.h> - -#include <linux/platform_data/spi-ep93xx.h> - -/* this is our GPIO line used for chip select */ -#define MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO EP93XX_GPIO_LINE_EGPIO9 - -static int ts72xx_mmc_spi_setup(struct spi_device *spi) -{ - int err; - - err = gpio_request(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, spi->modalias); - if (err) - return err; - - gpio_direction_output(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, 1); - - return 0; -} - -static void ts72xx_mmc_spi_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi) -{ - gpio_set_value(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, 1); - gpio_direction_input(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO); - gpio_free(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO); -} - -static void ts72xx_mmc_spi_cs_control(struct spi_device *spi, int value) -{ - gpio_set_value(MMC_CHIP_SELECT_GPIO, value); -} - -static struct ep93xx_spi_chip_ops ts72xx_mmc_spi_ops = { - .setup = ts72xx_mmc_spi_setup, - .cleanup = ts72xx_mmc_spi_cleanup, - .cs_control = ts72xx_mmc_spi_cs_control, -}; - -static struct spi_board_info ts72xx_spi_devices[] __initdata = { - { - .modalias = "mmc_spi", - .controller_data = &ts72xx_mmc_spi_ops, - /* - * We use 10 MHz even though the maximum is 7.4 MHz. The driver - * will limit it automatically to max. frequency. - */ - .max_speed_hz = 10 * 1000 * 1000, - .bus_num = 0, - .chip_select = 0, - .mode = SPI_MODE_0, - }, -}; - -static struct ep93xx_spi_info ts72xx_spi_info = { - .num_chipselect = ARRAY_SIZE(ts72xx_spi_devices), -}; - -static void __init ts72xx_init_machine(void) -{ - ... - ep93xx_register_spi(&ts72xx_spi_info, ts72xx_spi_devices, - ARRAY_SIZE(ts72xx_spi_devices)); -} - -The driver can use DMA for the transfers also. In this case ts72xx_spi_info -becomes: - -static struct ep93xx_spi_info ts72xx_spi_info = { - .num_chipselect = ARRAY_SIZE(ts72xx_spi_devices), - .use_dma = true; -}; - -Note that CONFIG_EP93XX_DMA should be enabled as well. - -Thanks to -========= -Martin Guy, H. Hartley Sweeten and others who helped me during development of -the driver. Simplemachines.it donated me a Sim.One board which I used testing -the driver on EP9307. diff --git a/Documentation/timers/timer_stats.txt b/Documentation/timers/timer_stats.txt deleted file mode 100644 index de835ee97455..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/timers/timer_stats.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,73 +0,0 @@ -timer_stats - timer usage statistics ------------------------------------- - -timer_stats is a debugging facility to make the timer (ab)usage in a Linux -system visible to kernel and userspace developers. If enabled in the config -but not used it has almost zero runtime overhead, and a relatively small -data structure overhead. Even if collection is enabled runtime all the -locking is per-CPU and lookup is hashed. - -timer_stats should be used by kernel and userspace developers to verify that -their code does not make unduly use of timers. This helps to avoid unnecessary -wakeups, which should be avoided to optimize power consumption. - -It can be enabled by CONFIG_TIMER_STATS in the "Kernel hacking" configuration -section. - -timer_stats collects information about the timer events which are fired in a -Linux system over a sample period: - -- the pid of the task(process) which initialized the timer -- the name of the process which initialized the timer -- the function where the timer was initialized -- the callback function which is associated to the timer -- the number of events (callbacks) - -timer_stats adds an entry to /proc: /proc/timer_stats - -This entry is used to control the statistics functionality and to read out the -sampled information. - -The timer_stats functionality is inactive on bootup. - -To activate a sample period issue: -# echo 1 >/proc/timer_stats - -To stop a sample period issue: -# echo 0 >/proc/timer_stats - -The statistics can be retrieved by: -# cat /proc/timer_stats - -While sampling is enabled, each readout from /proc/timer_stats will see -newly updated statistics. Once sampling is disabled, the sampled information -is kept until a new sample period is started. This allows multiple readouts. - -Sample output of /proc/timer_stats: - -Timerstats sample period: 3.888770 s - 12, 0 swapper hrtimer_stop_sched_tick (hrtimer_sched_tick) - 15, 1 swapper hcd_submit_urb (rh_timer_func) - 4, 959 kedac schedule_timeout (process_timeout) - 1, 0 swapper page_writeback_init (wb_timer_fn) - 28, 0 swapper hrtimer_stop_sched_tick (hrtimer_sched_tick) - 22, 2948 IRQ 4 tty_flip_buffer_push (delayed_work_timer_fn) - 3, 3100 bash schedule_timeout (process_timeout) - 1, 1 swapper queue_delayed_work_on (delayed_work_timer_fn) - 1, 1 swapper queue_delayed_work_on (delayed_work_timer_fn) - 1, 1 swapper neigh_table_init_no_netlink (neigh_periodic_timer) - 1, 2292 ip __netdev_watchdog_up (dev_watchdog) - 1, 23 events/1 do_cache_clean (delayed_work_timer_fn) -90 total events, 30.0 events/sec - -The first column is the number of events, the second column the pid, the third -column is the name of the process. The forth column shows the function which -initialized the timer and in parenthesis the callback function which was -executed on expiry. - - Thomas, Ingo - -Added flag to indicate 'deferrable timer' in /proc/timer_stats. A deferrable -timer will appear as follows - 10D, 1 swapper queue_delayed_work_on (delayed_work_timer_fn) - diff --git a/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt b/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt index 95a4d34af3fd..b8527c6b7646 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86/zero-page.txt @@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ Offset Proto Name Meaning 1E9/001 ALL eddbuf_entries Number of entries in eddbuf (below) 1EA/001 ALL edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries Number of entries in edd_mbr_sig_buffer (below) +1EB/001 ALL kbd_status Numlock is enabled +1EC/001 ALL secure_boot Secure boot is enabled in the firmware 1EF/001 ALL sentinel Used to detect broken bootloaders 290/040 ALL edd_mbr_sig_buffer EDD MBR signatures 2D0/A00 ALL e820_map E820 memory map table |
