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+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT */
+/*
+ * Copyright © 2022 Intel Corporation
+ */
+
+#ifndef _XE_BO_DOC_H_
+#define _XE_BO_DOC_H_
+
+/**
+ * DOC: Buffer Objects (BO)
+ *
+ * BO management
+ * =============
+ *
+ * TTM manages (placement, eviction, etc...) all BOs in XE.
+ *
+ * BO creation
+ * ===========
+ *
+ * Create a chunk of memory which can be used by the GPU. Placement rules
+ * (sysmem or vram region) passed in upon creation. TTM handles placement of BO
+ * and can trigger eviction of other BOs to make space for the new BO.
+ *
+ * Kernel BOs
+ * ----------
+ *
+ * A kernel BO is created as part of driver load (e.g. uC firmware images, GuC
+ * ADS, etc...) or a BO created as part of a user operation which requires
+ * a kernel BO (e.g. engine state, memory for page tables, etc...). These BOs
+ * are typically mapped in the GGTT (any kernel BOs aside memory for page tables
+ * are in the GGTT), are pinned (can't move or be evicted at runtime), have a
+ * vmap (XE can access the memory via xe_map layer) and have contiguous physical
+ * memory.
+ *
+ * More details of why kernel BOs are pinned and contiguous below.
+ *
+ * User BOs
+ * --------
+ *
+ * A user BO is created via the DRM_IOCTL_XE_GEM_CREATE IOCTL. Once it is
+ * created the BO can be mmap'd (via DRM_IOCTL_XE_GEM_MMAP_OFFSET) for user
+ * access and it can be bound for GPU access (via DRM_IOCTL_XE_VM_BIND). All
+ * user BOs are evictable and user BOs are never pinned by XE. The allocation of
+ * the backing store can be defered from creation time until first use which is
+ * either mmap, bind, or pagefault.
+ *
+ * Private BOs
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * A private BO is a user BO created with a valid VM argument passed into the
+ * create IOCTL. If a BO is private it cannot be exported via prime FD and
+ * mappings can only be created for the BO within the VM it is tied to. Lastly,
+ * the BO dma-resv slots / lock point to the VM's dma-resv slots / lock (all
+ * private BOs to a VM share common dma-resv slots / lock).
+ *
+ * External BOs
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * An external BO is a user BO created with a NULL VM argument passed into the
+ * create IOCTL. An external BO can be shared with different UMDs / devices via
+ * prime FD and the BO can be mapped into multiple VMs. An external BO has its
+ * own unique dma-resv slots / lock. An external BO will be in an array of all
+ * VMs which has a mapping of the BO. This allows VMs to lookup and lock all
+ * external BOs mapped in the VM as needed.
+ *
+ * BO placement
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * When a user BO is created, a mask of valid placements is passed indicating
+ * which memory regions are considered valid.
+ *
+ * The memory region information is available via query uAPI (TODO: add link).
+ *
+ * BO validation
+ * =============
+ *
+ * BO validation (ttm_bo_validate) refers to ensuring a BO has a valid
+ * placement. If a BO was swapped to temporary storage, a validation call will
+ * trigger a move back to a valid (location where GPU can access BO) placement.
+ * Validation of a BO may evict other BOs to make room for the BO being
+ * validated.
+ *
+ * BO eviction / moving
+ * ====================
+ *
+ * All eviction (or in other words, moving a BO from one memory location to
+ * another) is routed through TTM with a callback into XE.
+ *
+ * Runtime eviction
+ * ----------------
+ *
+ * Runtime evictions refers to during normal operations where TTM decides it
+ * needs to move a BO. Typically this is because TTM needs to make room for
+ * another BO and the evicted BO is first BO on LRU list that is not locked.
+ *
+ * An example of this is a new BO which can only be placed in VRAM but there is
+ * not space in VRAM. There could be multiple BOs which have sysmem and VRAM
+ * placement rules which currently reside in VRAM, TTM trigger a will move of
+ * one (or multiple) of these BO(s) until there is room in VRAM to place the new
+ * BO. The evicted BO(s) are valid but still need new bindings before the BO
+ * used again (exec or compute mode rebind worker).
+ *
+ * Another example would be, TTM can't find a BO to evict which has another
+ * valid placement. In this case TTM will evict one (or multiple) unlocked BO(s)
+ * to a temporary unreachable (invalid) placement. The evicted BO(s) are invalid
+ * and before next use need to be moved to a valid placement and rebound.
+ *
+ * In both cases, moves of these BOs are scheduled behind the fences in the BO's
+ * dma-resv slots.
+ *
+ * WW locking tries to ensures if 2 VMs use 51% of the memory forward progress
+ * is made on both VMs.
+ *
+ * Runtime eviction uses per a GT migration engine (TODO: link to migration
+ * engine doc) to do a GPU memcpy from one location to another.
+ *
+ * Rebinds after runtime eviction
+ * ------------------------------
+ *
+ * When BOs are moved, every mapping (VMA) of the BO needs to rebound before
+ * the BO is used again. Every VMA is added to an evicted list of its VM when
+ * the BO is moved. This is safe because of the VM locking structure (TODO: link
+ * to VM locking doc). On the next use of a VM (exec or compute mode rebind
+ * worker) the evicted VMA list is checked and rebinds are triggered. In the
+ * case of faulting VM, the rebind is done in the page fault handler.
+ *
+ * Suspend / resume eviction of VRAM
+ * ---------------------------------
+ *
+ * During device suspend / resume VRAM may lose power which means the contents
+ * of VRAM's memory is blown away. Thus BOs present in VRAM at the time of
+ * suspend must be moved to sysmem in order for their contents to be saved.
+ *
+ * A simple TTM call (ttm_resource_manager_evict_all) can move all non-pinned
+ * (user) BOs to sysmem. External BOs that are pinned need to be manually
+ * evicted with a simple loop + xe_bo_evict call. It gets a little trickier
+ * with kernel BOs.
+ *
+ * Some kernel BOs are used by the GT migration engine to do moves, thus we
+ * can't move all of the BOs via the GT migration engine. For simplity, use a
+ * TTM memcpy (CPU) to move any kernel (pinned) BO on either suspend or resume.
+ *
+ * Some kernel BOs need to be restored to the exact same physical location. TTM
+ * makes this rather easy but the caveat is the memory must be contiguous. Again
+ * for simplity, we enforce that all kernel (pinned) BOs are contiguous and
+ * restored to the same physical location.
+ *
+ * Pinned external BOs in VRAM are restored on resume via the GPU.
+ *
+ * Rebinds after suspend / resume
+ * ------------------------------
+ *
+ * Most kernel BOs have GGTT mappings which must be restored during the resume
+ * process. All user BOs are rebound after validation on their next use.
+ *
+ * Future work
+ * ===========
+ *
+ * Trim the list of BOs which is saved / restored via TTM memcpy on suspend /
+ * resume. All we really need to save / restore via TTM memcpy is the memory
+ * required for the GuC to load and the memory for the GT migrate engine to
+ * operate.
+ *
+ * Do not require kernel BOs to be contiguous in physical memory / restored to
+ * the same physical address on resume. In all likelihood the only memory that
+ * needs to be restored to the same physical address is memory used for page
+ * tables. All of that memory is allocated 1 page at time so the contiguous
+ * requirement isn't needed. Some work on the vmap code would need to be done if
+ * kernel BOs are not contiguous too.
+ *
+ * Make some kernel BO evictable rather than pinned. An example of this would be
+ * engine state, in all likelihood if the dma-slots of these BOs where properly
+ * used rather than pinning we could safely evict + rebind these BOs as needed.
+ *
+ * Some kernel BOs do not need to be restored on resume (e.g. GuC ADS as that is
+ * repopulated on resume), add flag to mark such objects as no save / restore.
+ */
+
+#endif