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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman1-0/+1
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2015-08-07modsign: Abort modules_install when signing failsDavid Woodhouse1-1/+1
Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <David.Woodhouse@intel.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
2014-08-27kbuild: handle module compression while running 'make modules_install'.Bertrand Jacquin1-1/+2
Since module-init-tools (gzip) and kmod (gzip and xz) support compressed modules, it could be useful to include a support for compressing modules right after having them installed. Doing this in kbuild instead of per distro can permit to make this kind of usage more generic. This patch add a Kconfig entry to "Enable loadable module support" menu and let you choose to compress using gzip (default) or xz. Both gzip and xz does not used any extra -[1-9] option since Andi Kleen and Rusty Russell prove no gain is made using them. gzip is called with -n argument to avoid storing original filename inside compressed file, that way we can save some more bytes. On a v3.16 kernel, 'make allmodconfig' generated 4680 modules for a total of 378MB (no strip, no sign, no compress), the following table shows observed disk space gain based on the allmodconfig .config : | time | +-------------+-----------------+ | manual .ko | make | size | percent | compression | modules_install | | gain +-------------+-----------------+------+-------- - | | 18.61s | 378M | GZIP | 3m16s | 3m37s | 102M | 73.41% XZ | 5m22s | 5m39s | 77M | 79.83% The gain for restricted environnement seems to be interesting while uncompress can be time consuming but happens only while loading a module, that is generally done only once. This is fully compatible with signed modules while the signed module is compressed. module-init-tools or kmod handles decompression and provide to other layer the uncompressed but signed payload. Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-08-27modinst: wrap long lines in order to enhance cmd_modules_installBertrand Jacquin1-1/+5
Note: shouldn't we use 'install -D $(2)/$@ $@' instead of mkdir and cp ? Reviewed-by: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by: Bertrand Jacquin <beber@meleeweb.net> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2014-06-19kbuild: fix comment in Makefile.modinstOlaf Hering1-1/+1
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2012-11-06modules: don't break modules_install on external modules with no key.Rusty Russell1-1/+2
The script still spits out an error ("Can't read private key") but we don't break modules_install. Reported-by: Bruno Wolff III <bruno@wolff.to> Original-patch-by: Josh Boyer <jwboyer@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2012-10-19kbuild: sign the modules at install timeRusty Russell1-1/+1
Linus deleted the old code and put signing on the install command, I fixed it to extract the keyid and signer-name within sign-file and cleaned up that script now it always signs in-place. Some enthusiast should convert sign-key to perl and pull x509keyid into it. Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-08-31scripts/Makefile.modpost: error in finding modules from .mod files.이건호1-1/+1
This error may happen when the user's id or path includes .ko string. For example, user's id is xxx.ko and building test.ko module, the test.mod file lists ko name and all object files. /home/xxx.ko/kernel_dev/device/drivers/test.ko /home/xxx.ko/kernel_dev/device/drivers/test_main.o /home/xxx.ko/kernel_dev/device/drivers/test_io.o ... Current Makefile.modpost and Makefile.modinst find and list up not only test.ko but also other object files. because all of object file's path includes .ko string. This is a patch to fix it. Signed-off-by: Gunho Lee <gunho.lee@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2009-01-14Revert "kbuild: strip generated symbols from *.ko"Sam Ravnborg1-2/+1
This reverts commit ad7a953c522ceb496611d127e51e278bfe0ff483. And commit: ("allow stripping of generated symbols under CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL") 9bb482476c6c9d1ae033306440c51ceac93ea80c These stripping patches has caused a set of issues: 1) People have reported compatibility issues with binutils due to lack of support for `--strip-unneeded-symbols' with objcopy 2.15.92.0.2 Reported by: Wenji 2) ccache and distcc no longer works as expeced Reported by: Ted, Roland, + others 3) The installed modules increased a lot in size Reported by: Ted, Davej + others Reported-by: Wenji Huang <wenji.huang@oracle.com> Reported-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Reported-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Reported-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2008-12-20kbuild: strip generated symbols from *.koJan Beulich1-1/+2
This patch changes the way __crc_ symbols are being resolved from using ld to do so to using the assembler, thus allowing these symbols to be marked local (the linker creates then as global ones) and hence allow stripping (for modules) or ignoring (for vmlinux) them. While at this, also strip other generated symbols during module installation. One potentially debatable point is the handling of the flags passeed to gcc when translating the intermediate assembly file into an object: passing $(c_flags) unchanged doesn't work as gcc passes --gdwarf2 to gas whenever is sees any -g* option, even for -g0, and despite the fact that the compiler would have already produced all necessary debug info in the C->assembly translation phase. I took the approach of just filtering out all -g* options, but an alternative to such negative filtering might be to have a positive filter which might, in the ideal case allow just all the -Wa,* options to pass through. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2008-01-29kbuild: fix installing external modulesSam Ravnborg1-1/+1
Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com> reported: Installing external modules is supposed to put them in some path under /lib/modules/<version>/extra/subdir/, but this change: http://linux.bkbits.net:8080/linux-2.6/?PAGE=cset&REV=1.1982.9.23 makes them go under /lib/modules/<version>/extrasubdir (for example, make M=fs/ext3 modules_install puts ext3.ko in /lib/modules/<version>/extrafs/ext3.ko) This was the case only when specifying a trailing slash to M=.. Fixed by removing trailing slash if present so we correctly match dir part of target. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
2006-06-25kbuild: add option for stripping modules while installing themTheodore Ts'o1-1/+1
Add option for stripping modules while installing them. This function adds support for stripping modules while they are being installed. CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL (which will probably become more popular as developers use kdump) causes the size of the installed modules to grow by a factor of 9 or so. Some kernel package systems solve this problem by stripping the debug information from /lib/modules after running "make modules_install", but that may not work for people who are installing directly into /lib/modules --- root partitions that were sized to handle 16 megs worth of modules may not be quite so happy with 145 megs of modules, so the "make modules_install" never succeeds. This patch allows such users to request modules_install to strip the modules as they are installed. Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2006-03-06kbuild: change kbuild to not rely on incorrect GNU make behaviorPaul Smith1-2/+8
The kbuild system takes advantage of an incorrect behavior in GNU make. Once this behavior is fixed, all files in the kernel rebuild every time, even if nothing has changed. This patch ensures kbuild works with both the incorrect and correct behaviors of GNU make. For more details on the incorrect behavior, see: http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/bug-make/2006-03/msg00003.html Changes in this patch: - Keep all targets that are to be marked .PHONY in a variable, PHONY. - Add .PHONY: $(PHONY) to mark them properly. - Remove any $(PHONY) files from the $? list when determining whether targets are up-to-date or not. Signed-off-by: Paul Smith <psmith@gnu.org> Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
2005-07-26kbuild: introduce Kbuild.includeSam Ravnborg1-1/+1
Kbuild.include is a placeholder for definitions originally present in both the top-level Makefile and scripts/Makefile.build. There were a slight difference in the filechk definition, so the most videly used version was kept and usr/Makefile was adopted for this syntax. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> ---
2005-04-17Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds1-0/+29
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!