summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/include/linux/kernel.h
blob: e73f3bc3dba54ec4bdea56efeb3be5b891cc9e46 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _LINUX_KERNEL_H
#define _LINUX_KERNEL_H

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <linux/align.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/math.h>
#include <linux/minmax.h>
#include <linux/typecheck.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/build_bug.h>
#include <linux/static_call_types.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>

#include <uapi/linux/kernel.h>

#define STACK_MAGIC	0xdeadbeef

/**
 * REPEAT_BYTE - repeat the value @x multiple times as an unsigned long value
 * @x: value to repeat
 *
 * NOTE: @x is not checked for > 0xff; larger values produce odd results.
 */
#define REPEAT_BYTE(x)	((~0ul / 0xff) * (x))

/* generic data direction definitions */
#define READ			0
#define WRITE			1

/**
 * ARRAY_SIZE - get the number of elements in array @arr
 * @arr: array to be sized
 */
#define ARRAY_SIZE(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof((arr)[0]) + __must_be_array(arr))

#define PTR_IF(cond, ptr)	((cond) ? (ptr) : NULL)

#define u64_to_user_ptr(x) (		\
{					\
	typecheck(u64, (x));		\
	(void __user *)(uintptr_t)(x);	\
}					\
)

#define typeof_member(T, m)	typeof(((T*)0)->m)

#define _RET_IP_		(unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0)
#define _THIS_IP_  ({ __label__ __here; __here: (unsigned long)&&__here; })

/**
 * upper_32_bits - return bits 32-63 of a number
 * @n: the number we're accessing
 *
 * A basic shift-right of a 64- or 32-bit quantity.  Use this to suppress
 * the "right shift count >= width of type" warning when that quantity is
 * 32-bits.
 */
#define upper_32_bits(n) ((u32)(((n) >> 16) >> 16))

/**
 * lower_32_bits - return bits 0-31 of a number
 * @n: the number we're accessing
 */
#define lower_32_bits(n) ((u32)((n) & 0xffffffff))

/**
 * upper_16_bits - return bits 16-31 of a number
 * @n: the number we're accessing
 */
#define upper_16_bits(n) ((u16)((n) >> 16))

/**
 * lower_16_bits - return bits 0-15 of a number
 * @n: the number we're accessing
 */
#define lower_16_bits(n) ((u16)((n) & 0xffff))

struct completion;
struct pt_regs;
struct user;

#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY

extern int __cond_resched(void);
# define might_resched() __cond_resched()

#elif defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC)

extern int __cond_resched(void);

DECLARE_STATIC_CALL(might_resched, __cond_resched);

static __always_inline void might_resched(void)
{
	static_call_mod(might_resched)();
}

#else

# define might_resched() do { } while (0)

#endif /* CONFIG_PREEMPT_* */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP
extern void ___might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
extern void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
extern void __cant_sleep(const char *file, int line, int preempt_offset);
extern void __cant_migrate(const char *file, int line);

/**
 * might_sleep - annotation for functions that can sleep
 *
 * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed in an atomic
 * context (spinlock, irq-handler, ...). Additional sections where blocking is
 * not allowed can be annotated with non_block_start() and non_block_end()
 * pairs.
 *
 * This is a useful debugging help to be able to catch problems early and not
 * be bitten later when the calling function happens to sleep when it is not
 * supposed to.
 */
# define might_sleep() \
	do { __might_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0); might_resched(); } while (0)
/**
 * cant_sleep - annotation for functions that cannot sleep
 *
 * this macro will print a stack trace if it is executed with preemption enabled
 */
# define cant_sleep() \
	do { __cant_sleep(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0); } while (0)
# define sched_annotate_sleep()	(current->task_state_change = 0)

/**
 * cant_migrate - annotation for functions that cannot migrate
 *
 * Will print a stack trace if executed in code which is migratable
 */
# define cant_migrate()							\
	do {								\
		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP))				\
			__cant_migrate(__FILE__, __LINE__);		\
	} while (0)

/**
 * non_block_start - annotate the start of section where sleeping is prohibited
 *
 * This is on behalf of the oom reaper, specifically when it is calling the mmu
 * notifiers. The problem is that if the notifier were to block on, for example,
 * mutex_lock() and if the process which holds that mutex were to perform a
 * sleeping memory allocation, the oom reaper is now blocked on completion of
 * that memory allocation. Other blocking calls like wait_event() pose similar
 * issues.
 */
# define non_block_start() (current->non_block_count++)
/**
 * non_block_end - annotate the end of section where sleeping is prohibited
 *
 * Closes a section opened by non_block_start().
 */
# define non_block_end() WARN_ON(current->non_block_count-- == 0)
#else
  static inline void ___might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
				   int preempt_offset) { }
  static inline void __might_sleep(const char *file, int line,
				   int preempt_offset) { }
# define might_sleep() do { might_resched(); } while (0)
# define cant_sleep() do { } while (0)
# define cant_migrate()		do { } while (0)
# define sched_annotate_sleep() do { } while (0)
# define non_block_start() do { } while (0)
# define non_block_end() do { } while (0)
#endif

#define might_sleep_if(cond) do { if (cond) might_sleep(); } while (0)

#if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && \
	(defined(CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING) || defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP))
#define might_fault() __might_fault(__FILE__, __LINE__)
void __might_fault(const char *file, int line);
#else
static inline void might_fault(void) { }
#endif

extern struct atomic_notifier_head panic_notifier_list;
extern long (*panic_blink)(int state);
__printf(1, 2)
void panic(const char *fmt, ...) __noreturn __cold;
void nmi_panic(struct pt_regs *regs, const char *msg);
extern void oops_enter(void);
extern void oops_exit(void);
extern bool oops_may_print(void);
void do_exit(long error_code) __noreturn;
void complete_and_exit(struct completion *, long) __noreturn;

/* Internal, do not use. */
int __must_check _kstrtoul(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res);
int __must_check _kstrtol(const char *s, unsigned int base, long *res);

int __must_check kstrtoull(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long long *res);
int __must_check kstrtoll(const char *s, unsigned int base, long long *res);

/**
 * kstrtoul - convert a string to an unsigned long
 * @s: The start of the string. The string must be null-terminated, and may also
 *  include a single newline before its terminating null. The first character
 *  may also be a plus sign, but not a minus sign.
 * @base: The number base to use. The maximum supported base is 16. If base is
 *  given as 0, then the base of the string is automatically detected with the
 *  conventional semantics - If it begins with 0x the number will be parsed as a
 *  hexadecimal (case insensitive), if it otherwise begins with 0, it will be
 *  parsed as an octal number. Otherwise it will be parsed as a decimal.
 * @res: Where to write the result of the conversion on success.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -ERANGE on overflow and -EINVAL on parsing error.
 * Preferred over simple_strtoul(). Return code must be checked.
*/
static inline int __must_check kstrtoul(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res)
{
	/*
	 * We want to shortcut function call, but
	 * __builtin_types_compatible_p(unsigned long, unsigned long long) = 0.
	 */
	if (sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned long long) &&
	    __alignof__(unsigned long) == __alignof__(unsigned long long))
		return kstrtoull(s, base, (unsigned long long *)res);
	else
		return _kstrtoul(s, base, res);
}

/**
 * kstrtol - convert a string to a long
 * @s: The start of the string. The string must be null-terminated, and may also
 *  include a single newline before its terminating null. The first character
 *  may also be a plus sign or a minus sign.
 * @base: The number base to use. The maximum supported base is 16. If base is
 *  given as 0, then the base of the string is automatically detected with the
 *  conventional semantics - If it begins with 0x the number will be parsed as a
 *  hexadecimal (case insensitive), if it otherwise begins with 0, it will be
 *  parsed as an octal number. Otherwise it will be parsed as a decimal.
 * @res: Where to write the result of the conversion on success.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -ERANGE on overflow and -EINVAL on parsing error.
 * Preferred over simple_strtol(). Return code must be checked.
 */
static inline int __must_check kstrtol(const char *s, unsigned int base, long *res)
{
	/*
	 * We want to shortcut function call, but
	 * __builtin_types_compatible_p(long, long long) = 0.
	 */
	if (sizeof(long) == sizeof(long long) &&
	    __alignof__(long) == __alignof__(long long))
		return kstrtoll(s, base, (long long *)res);
	else
		return _kstrtol(s, base, res);
}

int __must_check kstrtouint(const char *s, unsigned int base, unsigned int *res);
int __must_check kstrtoint(const char *s, unsigned int base, int *res);

static inline int __must_check kstrtou64(const char *s, unsigned int base, u64 *res)
{
	return kstrtoull(s, base, res);
}

static inline int __must_check kstrtos64(const char *s, unsigned int base, s64 *res)
{
	return kstrtoll(s, base, res);
}

static inline int __must_check kstrtou32(const char *s, unsigned int base, u32 *res)
{
	return kstrtouint(s, base, res);
}

static inline int __must_check kstrtos32(const char *s, unsigned int base, s32 *res)
{
	return kstrtoint(s, base, res);
}

int __must_check kstrtou16(const char *s, unsigned int base, u16 *res);
int __must_check kstrtos16(const char *s, unsigned int base, s16 *res);
int __must_check kstrtou8(const char *s, unsigned int base, u8 *res);
int __must_check kstrtos8(const char *s, unsigned int base, s8 *res);
int __must_check kstrtobool(const char *s, bool *res);

int __must_check kstrtoull_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned long long *res);
int __must_check kstrtoll_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, long long *res);
int __must_check kstrtoul_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned long *res);
int __must_check kstrtol_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, long *res);
int __must_check kstrtouint_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, unsigned int *res);
int __must_check kstrtoint_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, int *res);
int __must_check kstrtou16_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u16 *res);
int __must_check kstrtos16_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s16 *res);
int __must_check kstrtou8_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u8 *res);
int __must_check kstrtos8_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s8 *res);
int __must_check kstrtobool_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, bool *res);

static inline int __must_check kstrtou64_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u64 *res)
{
	return kstrtoull_from_user(s, count, base, res);
}

static inline int __must_check kstrtos64_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s64 *res)
{
	return kstrtoll_from_user(s, count, base, res);
}

static inline int __must_check kstrtou32_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, u32 *res)
{
	return kstrtouint_from_user(s, count, base, res);
}

static inline int __must_check kstrtos32_from_user(const char __user *s, size_t count, unsigned int base, s32 *res)
{
	return kstrtoint_from_user(s, count, base, res);
}

/*
 * Use kstrto<foo> instead.
 *
 * NOTE: simple_strto<foo> does not check for the range overflow and,
 *	 depending on the input, may give interesting results.
 *
 * Use these functions if and only if you cannot use kstrto<foo>, because
 * the conversion ends on the first non-digit character, which may be far
 * beyond the supported range. It might be useful to parse the strings like
 * 10x50 or 12:21 without altering original string or temporary buffer in use.
 * Keep in mind above caveat.
 */

extern unsigned long simple_strtoul(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
extern long simple_strtol(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
extern unsigned long long simple_strtoull(const char *,char **,unsigned int);
extern long long simple_strtoll(const char *,char **,unsigned int);

extern int num_to_str(char *buf, int size,
		      unsigned long long num, unsigned int width);

/* lib/printf utilities */

extern __printf(2, 3) int sprintf(char *buf, const char * fmt, ...);
extern __printf(2, 0) int vsprintf(char *buf, const char *, va_list);
extern __printf(3, 4)
int snprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
extern __printf(3, 0)
int vsnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
extern __printf(3, 4)
int scnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, ...);
extern __printf(3, 0)
int vscnprintf(char *buf, size_t size, const char *fmt, va_list args);
extern __printf(2, 3) __malloc
char *kasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, ...);
extern __printf(2, 0) __malloc
char *kvasprintf(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);
extern __printf(2, 0)
const char *kvasprintf_const(gfp_t gfp, const char *fmt, va_list args);

extern __scanf(2, 3)
int sscanf(const char *, const char *, ...);
extern __scanf(2, 0)
int vsscanf(const char *, const char *, va_list);

extern int get_option(char **str, int *pint);
extern char *get_options(const char *str, int nints, int *ints);
extern unsigned long long memparse(const char *ptr, char **retptr);
extern bool parse_option_str(const char *str, const char *option);
extern char *next_arg(char *args, char **param, char **val);

extern int core_kernel_text(unsigned long addr);
extern int init_kernel_text(unsigned long addr);
extern int core_kernel_data(unsigned long addr);
extern int __kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
extern int kernel_text_address(unsigned long addr);
extern int func_ptr_is_kernel_text(void *ptr);

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
extern unsigned int sysctl_oops_all_cpu_backtrace;
#else
#define sysctl_oops_all_cpu_backtrace 0
#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

extern void bust_spinlocks(int yes);
extern int panic_timeout;
extern unsigned long panic_print;
extern int panic_on_oops;
extern int panic_on_unrecovered_nmi;
extern int panic_on_io_nmi;
extern int panic_on_warn;
extern unsigned long panic_on_taint;
extern bool panic_on_taint_nousertaint;
extern int sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall;
extern int sysctl_max_rcu_stall_to_panic;
extern int sysctl_panic_on_stackoverflow;

extern bool crash_kexec_post_notifiers;

/*
 * panic_cpu is used for synchronizing panic() and crash_kexec() execution. It
 * holds a CPU number which is executing panic() currently. A value of
 * PANIC_CPU_INVALID means no CPU has entered panic() or crash_kexec().
 */
extern atomic_t panic_cpu;
#define PANIC_CPU_INVALID	-1

/*
 * Only to be used by arch init code. If the user over-wrote the default
 * CONFIG_PANIC_TIMEOUT, honor it.
 */
static inline void set_arch_panic_timeout(int timeout, int arch_default_timeout)
{
	if (panic_timeout == arch_default_timeout)
		panic_timeout = timeout;
}
extern const char *print_tainted(void);
enum lockdep_ok {
	LOCKDEP_STILL_OK,
	LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
};
extern void add_taint(unsigned flag, enum lockdep_ok);
extern int test_taint(unsigned flag);
extern unsigned long get_taint(void);
extern int root_mountflags;

extern bool early_boot_irqs_disabled;

/*
 * Values used for system_state. Ordering of the states must not be changed
 * as code checks for <, <=, >, >= STATE.
 */
extern enum system_states {
	SYSTEM_BOOTING,
	SYSTEM_SCHEDULING,
	SYSTEM_RUNNING,
	SYSTEM_HALT,
	SYSTEM_POWER_OFF,
	SYSTEM_RESTART,
	SYSTEM_SUSPEND,
} system_state;

/* This cannot be an enum because some may be used in assembly source. */
#define TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE	0
#define TAINT_FORCED_MODULE		1
#define TAINT_CPU_OUT_OF_SPEC		2
#define TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD		3
#define TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK		4
#define TAINT_BAD_PAGE			5
#define TAINT_USER			6
#define TAINT_DIE			7
#define TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE	8
#define TAINT_WARN			9
#define TAINT_CRAP			10
#define TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND	11
#define TAINT_OOT_MODULE		12
#define TAINT_UNSIGNED_MODULE		13
#define TAINT_SOFTLOCKUP		14
#define TAINT_LIVEPATCH			15
#define TAINT_AUX			16
#define TAINT_RANDSTRUCT		17
#define TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT		18
#define TAINT_FLAGS_MAX			((1UL << TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT) - 1)

struct taint_flag {
	char c_true;	/* character printed when tainted */
	char c_false;	/* character printed when not tainted */
	bool module;	/* also show as a per-module taint flag */
};

extern const struct taint_flag taint_flags[TAINT_FLAGS_COUNT];

extern const char hex_asc[];
#define hex_asc_lo(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0x0f)]
#define hex_asc_hi(x)	hex_asc[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]

static inline char *hex_byte_pack(char *buf, u8 byte)
{
	*buf++ = hex_asc_hi(byte);
	*buf++ = hex_asc_lo(byte);
	return buf;
}

extern const char hex_asc_upper[];
#define hex_asc_upper_lo(x)	hex_asc_upper[((x) & 0x0f)]
#define hex_asc_upper_hi(x)	hex_asc_upper[((x) & 0xf0) >> 4]

static inline char *hex_byte_pack_upper(char *buf, u8 byte)
{
	*buf++ = hex_asc_upper_hi(byte);
	*buf++ = hex_asc_upper_lo(byte);
	return buf;
}

extern int hex_to_bin(char ch);
extern int __must_check hex2bin(u8 *dst, const char *src, size_t count);
extern char *bin2hex(char *dst, const void *src, size_t count);

bool mac_pton(const char *s, u8 *mac);

/*
 * General tracing related utility functions - trace_printk(),
 * tracing_on/tracing_off and tracing_start()/tracing_stop
 *
 * Use tracing_on/tracing_off when you want to quickly turn on or off
 * tracing. It simply enables or disables the recording of the trace events.
 * This also corresponds to the user space /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/tracing_on
 * file, which gives a means for the kernel and userspace to interact.
 * Place a tracing_off() in the kernel where you want tracing to end.
 * From user space, examine the trace, and then echo 1 > tracing_on
 * to continue tracing.
 *
 * tracing_stop/tracing_start has slightly more overhead. It is used
 * by things like suspend to ram where disabling the recording of the
 * trace is not enough, but tracing must actually stop because things
 * like calling smp_processor_id() may crash the system.
 *
 * Most likely, you want to use tracing_on/tracing_off.
 */

enum ftrace_dump_mode {
	DUMP_NONE,
	DUMP_ALL,
	DUMP_ORIG,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_TRACING
void tracing_on(void);
void tracing_off(void);
int tracing_is_on(void);
void tracing_snapshot(void);
void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void);

extern void tracing_start(void);
extern void tracing_stop(void);

static inline __printf(1, 2)
void ____trace_printk_check_format(const char *fmt, ...)
{
}
#define __trace_printk_check_format(fmt, args...)			\
do {									\
	if (0)								\
		____trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args);		\
} while (0)

/**
 * trace_printk - printf formatting in the ftrace buffer
 * @fmt: the printf format for printing
 *
 * Note: __trace_printk is an internal function for trace_printk() and
 *       the @ip is passed in via the trace_printk() macro.
 *
 * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
 * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
 * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
 * where problems are occurring.
 *
 * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
 * Please refrain from leaving trace_printks scattered around in
 * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
 * allocated when trace_printk() is used.)
 *
 * A little optimization trick is done here. If there's only one
 * argument, there's no need to scan the string for printf formats.
 * The trace_puts() will suffice. But how can we take advantage of
 * using trace_puts() when trace_printk() has only one argument?
 * By stringifying the args and checking the size we can tell
 * whether or not there are args. __stringify((__VA_ARGS__)) will
 * turn into "()\0" with a size of 3 when there are no args, anything
 * else will be bigger. All we need to do is define a string to this,
 * and then take its size and compare to 3. If it's bigger, use
 * do_trace_printk() otherwise, optimize it to trace_puts(). Then just
 * let gcc optimize the rest.
 */

#define trace_printk(fmt, ...)				\
do {							\
	char _______STR[] = __stringify((__VA_ARGS__));	\
	if (sizeof(_______STR) > 3)			\
		do_trace_printk(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
	else						\
		trace_puts(fmt);			\
} while (0)

#define do_trace_printk(fmt, args...)					\
do {									\
	static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used			\
		__section("__trace_printk_fmt") =			\
		__builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL;			\
									\
	__trace_printk_check_format(fmt, ##args);			\
									\
	if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt))					\
		__trace_bprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, ##args);	\
	else								\
		__trace_printk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, ##args);			\
} while (0)

extern __printf(2, 3)
int __trace_bprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);

extern __printf(2, 3)
int __trace_printk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, ...);

/**
 * trace_puts - write a string into the ftrace buffer
 * @str: the string to record
 *
 * Note: __trace_bputs is an internal function for trace_puts and
 *       the @ip is passed in via the trace_puts macro.
 *
 * This is similar to trace_printk() but is made for those really fast
 * paths that a developer wants the least amount of "Heisenbug" effects,
 * where the processing of the print format is still too much.
 *
 * This function allows a kernel developer to debug fast path sections
 * that printk is not appropriate for. By scattering in various
 * printk like tracing in the code, a developer can quickly see
 * where problems are occurring.
 *
 * This is intended as a debugging tool for the developer only.
 * Please refrain from leaving trace_puts scattered around in
 * your code. (Extra memory is used for special buffers that are
 * allocated when trace_puts() is used.)
 *
 * Returns: 0 if nothing was written, positive # if string was.
 *  (1 when __trace_bputs is used, strlen(str) when __trace_puts is used)
 */

#define trace_puts(str) ({						\
	static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used			\
		__section("__trace_printk_fmt") =			\
		__builtin_constant_p(str) ? str : NULL;			\
									\
	if (__builtin_constant_p(str))					\
		__trace_bputs(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt);		\
	else								\
		__trace_puts(_THIS_IP_, str, strlen(str));		\
})
extern int __trace_bputs(unsigned long ip, const char *str);
extern int __trace_puts(unsigned long ip, const char *str, int size);

extern void trace_dump_stack(int skip);

/*
 * The double __builtin_constant_p is because gcc will give us an error
 * if we try to allocate the static variable to fmt if it is not a
 * constant. Even with the outer if statement.
 */
#define ftrace_vprintk(fmt, vargs)					\
do {									\
	if (__builtin_constant_p(fmt)) {				\
		static const char *trace_printk_fmt __used		\
		  __section("__trace_printk_fmt") =			\
			__builtin_constant_p(fmt) ? fmt : NULL;		\
									\
		__ftrace_vbprintk(_THIS_IP_, trace_printk_fmt, vargs);	\
	} else								\
		__ftrace_vprintk(_THIS_IP_, fmt, vargs);		\
} while (0)

extern __printf(2, 0) int
__ftrace_vbprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);

extern __printf(2, 0) int
__ftrace_vprintk(unsigned long ip, const char *fmt, va_list ap);

extern void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode);
#else
static inline void tracing_start(void) { }
static inline void tracing_stop(void) { }
static inline void trace_dump_stack(int skip) { }

static inline void tracing_on(void) { }
static inline void tracing_off(void) { }
static inline int tracing_is_on(void) { return 0; }
static inline void tracing_snapshot(void) { }
static inline void tracing_snapshot_alloc(void) { }

static inline __printf(1, 2)
int trace_printk(const char *fmt, ...)
{
	return 0;
}
static __printf(1, 0) inline int
ftrace_vprintk(const char *fmt, va_list ap)
{
	return 0;
}
static inline void ftrace_dump(enum ftrace_dump_mode oops_dump_mode) { }
#endif /* CONFIG_TRACING */

/* This counts to 12. Any more, it will return 13th argument. */
#define __COUNT_ARGS(_0, _1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _n, X...) _n
#define COUNT_ARGS(X...) __COUNT_ARGS(, ##X, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)

#define __CONCAT(a, b) a ## b
#define CONCATENATE(a, b) __CONCAT(a, b)

/**
 * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
 * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 */
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({				\
	void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);					\
	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
	((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })

/**
 * container_of_safe - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure
 * @ptr:	the pointer to the member.
 * @type:	the type of the container struct this is embedded in.
 * @member:	the name of the member within the struct.
 *
 * If IS_ERR_OR_NULL(ptr), ptr is returned unchanged.
 */
#define container_of_safe(ptr, type, member) ({				\
	void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);					\
	BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) &&	\
			 !__same_type(*(ptr), void),			\
			 "pointer type mismatch in container_of()");	\
	IS_ERR_OR_NULL(__mptr) ? ERR_CAST(__mptr) :			\
		((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })

/* Rebuild everything on CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD */
#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
# define REBUILD_DUE_TO_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD
#endif

/* Permissions on a sysfs file: you didn't miss the 0 prefix did you? */
#define VERIFY_OCTAL_PERMISSIONS(perms)						\
	(BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) < 0) +					\
	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) > 0777) +					\
	 /* USER_READABLE >= GROUP_READABLE >= OTHER_READABLE */		\
	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 4) < (((perms) >> 3) & 4)) +	\
	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 3) & 4) < ((perms) & 4)) +		\
	 /* USER_WRITABLE >= GROUP_WRITABLE */					\
	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((((perms) >> 6) & 2) < (((perms) >> 3) & 2)) +	\
	 /* OTHER_WRITABLE?  Generally considered a bad idea. */		\
	 BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO((perms) & 2) +					\
	 (perms))
#endif