summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
blob: b430f962e32367270ab11ff23fa11dd178b8bee5 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86_64/processor.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2018, Google LLC.
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */

#include "test_util.h"
#include "kvm_util.h"
#include "../kvm_util_internal.h"
#include "processor.h"

/* Minimum physical address used for virtual translation tables. */
#define KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR 0x180000

/* Virtual translation table structure declarations */
struct pageMapL4Entry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

struct pageDirectoryEntry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t ignored_06:1;
	uint64_t page_size:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_08:4;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

struct pageTableEntry {
	uint64_t present:1;
	uint64_t writable:1;
	uint64_t user:1;
	uint64_t write_through:1;
	uint64_t cache_disable:1;
	uint64_t accessed:1;
	uint64_t dirty:1;
	uint64_t reserved_07:1;
	uint64_t global:1;
	uint64_t ignored_11_09:3;
	uint64_t address:40;
	uint64_t ignored_62_52:11;
	uint64_t execute_disable:1;
};

/* Register Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   regs - register
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the registers given by regs, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
void regs_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_regs *regs,
	       uint8_t indent)
{
	fprintf(stream, "%*srax: 0x%.16llx rbx: 0x%.16llx "
		"rcx: 0x%.16llx rdx: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		regs->rax, regs->rbx, regs->rcx, regs->rdx);
	fprintf(stream, "%*srsi: 0x%.16llx rdi: 0x%.16llx "
		"rsp: 0x%.16llx rbp: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		regs->rsi, regs->rdi, regs->rsp, regs->rbp);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sr8:  0x%.16llx r9:  0x%.16llx "
		"r10: 0x%.16llx r11: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		regs->r8, regs->r9, regs->r10, regs->r11);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sr12: 0x%.16llx r13: 0x%.16llx "
		"r14: 0x%.16llx r15: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		regs->r12, regs->r13, regs->r14, regs->r15);
	fprintf(stream, "%*srip: 0x%.16llx rfl: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		regs->rip, regs->rflags);
}

/* Segment Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   segment - KVM segment
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the KVM segment given by segment, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
static void segment_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_segment *segment,
			 uint8_t indent)
{
	fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.8x "
		"selector: 0x%.4x type: 0x%.2x\n",
		indent, "", segment->base, segment->limit,
		segment->selector, segment->type);
	fprintf(stream, "%*spresent: 0x%.2x dpl: 0x%.2x "
		"db: 0x%.2x s: 0x%.2x l: 0x%.2x\n",
		indent, "", segment->present, segment->dpl,
		segment->db, segment->s, segment->l);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sg: 0x%.2x avl: 0x%.2x "
		"unusable: 0x%.2x padding: 0x%.2x\n",
		indent, "", segment->g, segment->avl,
		segment->unusable, segment->padding);
}

/* dtable Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   dtable - KVM dtable
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the KVM dtable given by dtable, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
static void dtable_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_dtable *dtable,
			uint8_t indent)
{
	fprintf(stream, "%*sbase: 0x%.16llx limit: 0x%.4x "
		"padding: 0x%.4x 0x%.4x 0x%.4x\n",
		indent, "", dtable->base, dtable->limit,
		dtable->padding[0], dtable->padding[1], dtable->padding[2]);
}

/* System Register Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *   sregs - System registers
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the state of the system registers given by sregs, to the FILE stream
 * given by steam.
 */
void sregs_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_sregs *sregs,
		uint8_t indent)
{
	unsigned int i;

	fprintf(stream, "%*scs:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->cs, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sds:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ds, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*ses:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->es, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sfs:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->fs, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sgs:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->gs, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sss:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ss, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*str:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->tr, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sldt:\n", indent, "");
	segment_dump(stream, &sregs->ldt, indent + 2);

	fprintf(stream, "%*sgdt:\n", indent, "");
	dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->gdt, indent + 2);
	fprintf(stream, "%*sidt:\n", indent, "");
	dtable_dump(stream, &sregs->idt, indent + 2);

	fprintf(stream, "%*scr0: 0x%.16llx cr2: 0x%.16llx "
		"cr3: 0x%.16llx cr4: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		sregs->cr0, sregs->cr2, sregs->cr3, sregs->cr4);
	fprintf(stream, "%*scr8: 0x%.16llx efer: 0x%.16llx "
		"apic_base: 0x%.16llx\n",
		indent, "",
		sregs->cr8, sregs->efer, sregs->apic_base);

	fprintf(stream, "%*sinterrupt_bitmap:\n", indent, "");
	for (i = 0; i < (KVM_NR_INTERRUPTS + 63) / 64; i++) {
		fprintf(stream, "%*s%.16llx\n", indent + 2, "",
			sregs->interrupt_bitmap[i]);
	}
}

void virt_pgd_alloc(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t pgd_memslot)
{
	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_P52V48_4K, "Attempt to use "
		"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	/* If needed, create page map l4 table. */
	if (!vm->pgd_created) {
		vm_paddr_t paddr = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot);
		vm->pgd = paddr;
		vm->pgd_created = true;
	}
}

/* VM Virtual Page Map
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vaddr - VM Virtual Address
 *   paddr - VM Physical Address
 *   pgd_memslot - Memory region slot for new virtual translation tables
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Within the VM given by vm, creates a virtual translation for the page
 * starting at vaddr to the page starting at paddr.
 */
void virt_pg_map(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t paddr,
	uint32_t pgd_memslot)
{
	uint16_t index[4];
	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;

	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_P52V48_4K, "Attempt to use "
		"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	TEST_ASSERT((vaddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
		"Virtual address not on page boundary,\n"
		"  vaddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
		vaddr, vm->page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT(sparsebit_is_set(vm->vpages_valid,
		(vaddr >> vm->page_shift)),
		"Invalid virtual address, vaddr: 0x%lx",
		vaddr);
	TEST_ASSERT((paddr % vm->page_size) == 0,
		"Physical address not on page boundary,\n"
		"  paddr: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
		paddr, vm->page_size);
	TEST_ASSERT((paddr >> vm->page_shift) <= vm->max_gfn,
		"Physical address beyond beyond maximum supported,\n"
		"  paddr: 0x%lx vm->max_gfn: 0x%lx vm->page_size: 0x%x",
		paddr, vm->max_gfn, vm->page_size);

	index[0] = (vaddr >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
	index[1] = (vaddr >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
	index[2] = (vaddr >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
	index[3] = (vaddr >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

	/* Allocate page directory pointer table if not present. */
	pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
	if (!pml4e[index[3]].present) {
		pml4e[index[3]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
			>> vm->page_shift;
		pml4e[index[3]].writable = true;
		pml4e[index[3]].present = true;
	}

	/* Allocate page directory table if not present. */
	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
	pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pdpe[index[2]].present) {
		pdpe[index[2]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
			>> vm->page_shift;
		pdpe[index[2]].writable = true;
		pdpe[index[2]].present = true;
	}

	/* Allocate page table if not present. */
	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
	pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pde[index[1]].present) {
		pde[index[1]].address = vm_phy_page_alloc(vm,
			KVM_GUEST_PAGE_TABLE_MIN_PADDR, pgd_memslot)
			>> vm->page_shift;
		pde[index[1]].writable = true;
		pde[index[1]].present = true;
	}

	/* Fill in page table entry. */
	struct pageTableEntry *pte;
	pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
	pte[index[0]].address = paddr >> vm->page_shift;
	pte[index[0]].writable = true;
	pte[index[0]].present = 1;
}

/* Virtual Translation Tables Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps to the FILE stream given by stream, the contents of all the
 * virtual translation tables for the VM given by vm.
 */
void virt_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint8_t indent)
{
	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e, *pml4e_start;
	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe, *pdpe_start;
	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde, *pde_start;
	struct pageTableEntry *pte, *pte_start;

	if (!vm->pgd_created)
		return;

	fprintf(stream, "%*s                                          "
		"                no\n", indent, "");
	fprintf(stream, "%*s      index hvaddr         gpaddr         "
		"addr         w exec dirty\n",
		indent, "");
	pml4e_start = (struct pageMapL4Entry *) addr_gpa2hva(vm,
		vm->pgd);
	for (uint16_t n1 = 0; n1 <= 0x1ffu; n1++) {
		pml4e = &pml4e_start[n1];
		if (!pml4e->present)
			continue;
		fprintf(stream, "%*spml4e 0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u "
			" %u\n",
			indent, "",
			pml4e - pml4e_start, pml4e,
			addr_hva2gpa(vm, pml4e), (uint64_t) pml4e->address,
			pml4e->writable, pml4e->execute_disable);

		pdpe_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e->address
			* vm->page_size);
		for (uint16_t n2 = 0; n2 <= 0x1ffu; n2++) {
			pdpe = &pdpe_start[n2];
			if (!pdpe->present)
				continue;
			fprintf(stream, "%*spdpe  0x%-3zx %p 0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx "
				"%u  %u\n",
				indent, "",
				pdpe - pdpe_start, pdpe,
				addr_hva2gpa(vm, pdpe),
				(uint64_t) pdpe->address, pdpe->writable,
				pdpe->execute_disable);

			pde_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
				pdpe->address * vm->page_size);
			for (uint16_t n3 = 0; n3 <= 0x1ffu; n3++) {
				pde = &pde_start[n3];
				if (!pde->present)
					continue;
				fprintf(stream, "%*spde   0x%-3zx %p "
					"0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u  %u\n",
					indent, "", pde - pde_start, pde,
					addr_hva2gpa(vm, pde),
					(uint64_t) pde->address, pde->writable,
					pde->execute_disable);

				pte_start = addr_gpa2hva(vm,
					pde->address * vm->page_size);
				for (uint16_t n4 = 0; n4 <= 0x1ffu; n4++) {
					pte = &pte_start[n4];
					if (!pte->present)
						continue;
					fprintf(stream, "%*spte   0x%-3zx %p "
						"0x%-12lx 0x%-10lx %u  %u "
						"    %u    0x%-10lx\n",
						indent, "",
						pte - pte_start, pte,
						addr_hva2gpa(vm, pte),
						(uint64_t) pte->address,
						pte->writable,
						pte->execute_disable,
						pte->dirty,
						((uint64_t) n1 << 27)
							| ((uint64_t) n2 << 18)
							| ((uint64_t) n3 << 9)
							| ((uint64_t) n4));
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

/* Set Unusable Segment
 *
 * Input Args: None
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   segp - Pointer to segment register
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets the segment register pointed to by segp to an unusable state.
 */
static void kvm_seg_set_unusable(struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->unusable = true;
}

static void kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
	void *gdt = addr_gva2hva(vm, vm->gdt);
	struct desc64 *desc = gdt + (segp->selector >> 3) * 8;

	desc->limit0 = segp->limit & 0xFFFF;
	desc->base0 = segp->base & 0xFFFF;
	desc->base1 = segp->base >> 16;
	desc->s = segp->s;
	desc->type = segp->type;
	desc->dpl = segp->dpl;
	desc->p = segp->present;
	desc->limit1 = segp->limit >> 16;
	desc->l = segp->l;
	desc->db = segp->db;
	desc->g = segp->g;
	desc->base2 = segp->base >> 24;
	if (!segp->s)
		desc->base3 = segp->base >> 32;
}


/* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Code Segment
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - VM whose GDT is being filled, or NULL to only write segp
 *   selector - selector value
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   segp - Pointer to KVM segment
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a code segment
 * with the selector value given by selector.
 */
static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint16_t selector,
	struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->selector = selector;
	segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
	segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
	segp->type = 0x08 | 0x01 | 0x02; /* kFlagCode | kFlagCodeAccessed
					  * | kFlagCodeReadable
					  */
	segp->g = true;
	segp->l = true;
	segp->present = 1;
	if (vm)
		kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(vm, segp);
}

/* Set Long Mode Flat Kernel Data Segment
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - VM whose GDT is being filled, or NULL to only write segp
 *   selector - selector value
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   segp - Pointer to KVM segment
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets up the KVM segment pointed to by segp, to be a data segment
 * with the selector value given by selector.
 */
static void kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint16_t selector,
	struct kvm_segment *segp)
{
	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->selector = selector;
	segp->limit = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
	segp->s = 0x1; /* kTypeCodeData */
	segp->type = 0x00 | 0x01 | 0x02; /* kFlagData | kFlagDataAccessed
					  * | kFlagDataWritable
					  */
	segp->g = true;
	segp->present = true;
	if (vm)
		kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(vm, segp);
}

/* Address Guest Virtual to Guest Physical
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   gpa - VM virtual address
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return:
 *   Equivalent VM physical address
 *
 * Translates the VM virtual address given by gva to a VM physical
 * address and then locates the memory region containing the VM
 * physical address, within the VM given by vm.  When found, the host
 * virtual address providing the memory to the vm physical address is returned.
 * A TEST_ASSERT failure occurs if no region containing translated
 * VM virtual address exists.
 */
vm_paddr_t addr_gva2gpa(struct kvm_vm *vm, vm_vaddr_t gva)
{
	uint16_t index[4];
	struct pageMapL4Entry *pml4e;
	struct pageDirectoryPointerEntry *pdpe;
	struct pageDirectoryEntry *pde;
	struct pageTableEntry *pte;

	TEST_ASSERT(vm->mode == VM_MODE_P52V48_4K, "Attempt to use "
		"unknown or unsupported guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);

	index[0] = (gva >> 12) & 0x1ffu;
	index[1] = (gva >> 21) & 0x1ffu;
	index[2] = (gva >> 30) & 0x1ffu;
	index[3] = (gva >> 39) & 0x1ffu;

	if (!vm->pgd_created)
		goto unmapped_gva;
	pml4e = addr_gpa2hva(vm, vm->pgd);
	if (!pml4e[index[3]].present)
		goto unmapped_gva;

	pdpe = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pml4e[index[3]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pdpe[index[2]].present)
		goto unmapped_gva;

	pde = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pdpe[index[2]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pde[index[1]].present)
		goto unmapped_gva;

	pte = addr_gpa2hva(vm, pde[index[1]].address * vm->page_size);
	if (!pte[index[0]].present)
		goto unmapped_gva;

	return (pte[index[0]].address * vm->page_size) + (gva & 0xfffu);

unmapped_gva:
	TEST_ASSERT(false, "No mapping for vm virtual address, "
		    "gva: 0x%lx", gva);
	exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}

static void kvm_setup_gdt(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_dtable *dt, int gdt_memslot,
			  int pgd_memslot)
{
	if (!vm->gdt)
		vm->gdt = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, getpagesize(),
			KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);

	dt->base = vm->gdt;
	dt->limit = getpagesize();
}

static void kvm_setup_tss_64bit(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_segment *segp,
				int selector, int gdt_memslot,
				int pgd_memslot)
{
	if (!vm->tss)
		vm->tss = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, getpagesize(),
			KVM_UTIL_MIN_VADDR, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);

	memset(segp, 0, sizeof(*segp));
	segp->base = vm->tss;
	segp->limit = 0x67;
	segp->selector = selector;
	segp->type = 0xb;
	segp->present = 1;
	kvm_seg_fill_gdt_64bit(vm, segp);
}

static void vcpu_setup(struct kvm_vm *vm, int vcpuid, int pgd_memslot, int gdt_memslot)
{
	struct kvm_sregs sregs;

	/* Set mode specific system register values. */
	vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);

	sregs.idt.limit = 0;

	kvm_setup_gdt(vm, &sregs.gdt, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);

	switch (vm->mode) {
	case VM_MODE_P52V48_4K:
		sregs.cr0 = X86_CR0_PE | X86_CR0_NE | X86_CR0_PG;
		sregs.cr4 |= X86_CR4_PAE | X86_CR4_OSFXSR;
		sregs.efer |= (EFER_LME | EFER_LMA | EFER_NX);

		kvm_seg_set_unusable(&sregs.ldt);
		kvm_seg_set_kernel_code_64bit(vm, 0x8, &sregs.cs);
		kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(vm, 0x10, &sregs.ds);
		kvm_seg_set_kernel_data_64bit(vm, 0x10, &sregs.es);
		kvm_setup_tss_64bit(vm, &sregs.tr, 0x18, gdt_memslot, pgd_memslot);
		break;

	default:
		TEST_ASSERT(false, "Unknown guest mode, mode: 0x%x", vm->mode);
	}

	sregs.cr3 = vm->pgd;
	vcpu_sregs_set(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);
}
/* Adds a vCPU with reasonable defaults (i.e., a stack)
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vcpuid - The id of the VCPU to add to the VM.
 *   guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
 */
void vm_vcpu_add_default(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, void *guest_code)
{
	struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
	struct kvm_regs regs;
	vm_vaddr_t stack_vaddr;
	stack_vaddr = vm_vaddr_alloc(vm, DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize(),
				     DEFAULT_GUEST_STACK_VADDR_MIN, 0, 0);

	/* Create VCPU */
	vm_vcpu_add(vm, vcpuid);
	vcpu_setup(vm, vcpuid, 0, 0);

	/* Setup guest general purpose registers */
	vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
	regs.rflags = regs.rflags | 0x2;
	regs.rsp = stack_vaddr + (DEFAULT_STACK_PGS * getpagesize());
	regs.rip = (unsigned long) guest_code;
	vcpu_regs_set(vm, vcpuid, &regs);

	/* Setup the MP state */
	mp_state.mp_state = 0;
	vcpu_set_mp_state(vm, vcpuid, &mp_state);
}

/* Allocate an instance of struct kvm_cpuid2
 *
 * Input Args: None
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: A pointer to the allocated struct. The caller is responsible
 * for freeing this struct.
 *
 * Since kvm_cpuid2 uses a 0-length array to allow a the size of the
 * array to be decided at allocation time, allocation is slightly
 * complicated. This function uses a reasonable default length for
 * the array and performs the appropriate allocation.
 */
static struct kvm_cpuid2 *allocate_kvm_cpuid2(void)
{
	struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
	int nent = 100;
	size_t size;

	size = sizeof(*cpuid);
	size += nent * sizeof(struct kvm_cpuid_entry2);
	cpuid = malloc(size);
	if (!cpuid) {
		perror("malloc");
		abort();
	}

	cpuid->nent = nent;

	return cpuid;
}

/* KVM Supported CPUID Get
 *
 * Input Args: None
 *
 * Output Args:
 *
 * Return: The supported KVM CPUID
 *
 * Get the guest CPUID supported by KVM.
 */
struct kvm_cpuid2 *kvm_get_supported_cpuid(void)
{
	static struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
	int ret;
	int kvm_fd;

	if (cpuid)
		return cpuid;

	cpuid = allocate_kvm_cpuid2();
	kvm_fd = open(KVM_DEV_PATH, O_RDONLY);
	if (kvm_fd < 0)
		exit(KSFT_SKIP);

	ret = ioctl(kvm_fd, KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID, cpuid);
	TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_CPUID failed %d %d\n",
		    ret, errno);

	close(kvm_fd);
	return cpuid;
}

/* Locate a cpuid entry.
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   cpuid: The cpuid.
 *   function: The function of the cpuid entry to find.
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: A pointer to the cpuid entry. Never returns NULL.
 */
struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *
kvm_get_supported_cpuid_index(uint32_t function, uint32_t index)
{
	struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid;
	struct kvm_cpuid_entry2 *entry = NULL;
	int i;

	cpuid = kvm_get_supported_cpuid();
	for (i = 0; i < cpuid->nent; i++) {
		if (cpuid->entries[i].function == function &&
		    cpuid->entries[i].index == index) {
			entry = &cpuid->entries[i];
			break;
		}
	}

	TEST_ASSERT(entry, "Guest CPUID entry not found: (EAX=%x, ECX=%x).",
		    function, index);
	return entry;
}

/* VM VCPU CPUID Set
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU id
 *   cpuid - The CPUID values to set.
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: void
 *
 * Set the VCPU's CPUID.
 */
void vcpu_set_cpuid(struct kvm_vm *vm,
		uint32_t vcpuid, struct kvm_cpuid2 *cpuid)
{
	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
	int rc;

	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);

	rc = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_CPUID2, cpuid);
	TEST_ASSERT(rc == 0, "KVM_SET_CPUID2 failed, rc: %i errno: %i",
		    rc, errno);

}

/* Create a VM with reasonable defaults
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vcpuid - The id of the single VCPU to add to the VM.
 *   extra_mem_pages - The size of extra memories to add (this will
 *                     decide how much extra space we will need to
 *                     setup the page tables using mem slot 0)
 *   guest_code - The vCPU's entry point
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return:
 *   Pointer to opaque structure that describes the created VM.
 */
struct kvm_vm *vm_create_default(uint32_t vcpuid, uint64_t extra_mem_pages,
				 void *guest_code)
{
	struct kvm_vm *vm;
	/*
	 * For x86 the maximum page table size for a memory region
	 * will be when only 4K pages are used.  In that case the
	 * total extra size for page tables (for extra N pages) will
	 * be: N/512+N/512^2+N/512^3+... which is definitely smaller
	 * than N/512*2.
	 */
	uint64_t extra_pg_pages = extra_mem_pages / 512 * 2;

	/* Create VM */
	vm = vm_create(VM_MODE_P52V48_4K,
		       DEFAULT_GUEST_PHY_PAGES + extra_pg_pages,
		       O_RDWR);

	/* Setup guest code */
	kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name, 0, 0);

	/* Setup IRQ Chip */
	vm_create_irqchip(vm);

	/* Add the first vCPU. */
	vm_vcpu_add_default(vm, vcpuid, guest_code);

	return vm;
}

/* VCPU Get MSR
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   msr_index - Index of MSR
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: On success, value of the MSR. On failure a TEST_ASSERT is produced.
 *
 * Get value of MSR for VCPU.
 */
uint64_t vcpu_get_msr(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, uint64_t msr_index)
{
	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
	struct {
		struct kvm_msrs header;
		struct kvm_msr_entry entry;
	} buffer = {};
	int r;

	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);
	buffer.header.nmsrs = 1;
	buffer.entry.index = msr_index;
	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_MSRS, &buffer.header);
	TEST_ASSERT(r == 1, "KVM_GET_MSRS IOCTL failed,\n"
		"  rc: %i errno: %i", r, errno);

	return buffer.entry.data;
}

/* VCPU Set MSR
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   msr_index - Index of MSR
 *   msr_value - New value of MSR
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: On success, nothing. On failure a TEST_ASSERT is produced.
 *
 * Set value of MSR for VCPU.
 */
void vcpu_set_msr(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, uint64_t msr_index,
	uint64_t msr_value)
{
	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
	struct {
		struct kvm_msrs header;
		struct kvm_msr_entry entry;
	} buffer = {};
	int r;

	TEST_ASSERT(vcpu != NULL, "vcpu not found, vcpuid: %u", vcpuid);
	memset(&buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
	buffer.header.nmsrs = 1;
	buffer.entry.index = msr_index;
	buffer.entry.data = msr_value;
	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_MSRS, &buffer.header);
	TEST_ASSERT(r == 1, "KVM_SET_MSRS IOCTL failed,\n"
		"  rc: %i errno: %i", r, errno);
}

/* VM VCPU Args Set
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   num - number of arguments
 *   ... - arguments, each of type uint64_t
 *
 * Output Args: None
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Sets the first num function input arguments to the values
 * given as variable args.  Each of the variable args is expected to
 * be of type uint64_t.
 */
void vcpu_args_set(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, unsigned int num, ...)
{
	va_list ap;
	struct kvm_regs regs;

	TEST_ASSERT(num >= 1 && num <= 6, "Unsupported number of args,\n"
		    "  num: %u\n",
		    num);

	va_start(ap, num);
	vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);

	if (num >= 1)
		regs.rdi = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

	if (num >= 2)
		regs.rsi = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

	if (num >= 3)
		regs.rdx = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

	if (num >= 4)
		regs.rcx = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

	if (num >= 5)
		regs.r8 = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

	if (num >= 6)
		regs.r9 = va_arg(ap, uint64_t);

	vcpu_regs_set(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
	va_end(ap);
}

/*
 * VM VCPU Dump
 *
 * Input Args:
 *   vm - Virtual Machine
 *   vcpuid - VCPU ID
 *   indent - Left margin indent amount
 *
 * Output Args:
 *   stream - Output FILE stream
 *
 * Return: None
 *
 * Dumps the current state of the VCPU specified by vcpuid, within the VM
 * given by vm, to the FILE stream given by stream.
 */
void vcpu_dump(FILE *stream, struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, uint8_t indent)
{
	struct kvm_regs regs;
	struct kvm_sregs sregs;

	fprintf(stream, "%*scpuid: %u\n", indent, "", vcpuid);

	fprintf(stream, "%*sregs:\n", indent + 2, "");
	vcpu_regs_get(vm, vcpuid, &regs);
	regs_dump(stream, &regs, indent + 4);

	fprintf(stream, "%*ssregs:\n", indent + 2, "");
	vcpu_sregs_get(vm, vcpuid, &sregs);
	sregs_dump(stream, &sregs, indent + 4);
}

struct kvm_x86_state {
	struct kvm_vcpu_events events;
	struct kvm_mp_state mp_state;
	struct kvm_regs regs;
	struct kvm_xsave xsave;
	struct kvm_xcrs xcrs;
	struct kvm_sregs sregs;
	struct kvm_debugregs debugregs;
	union {
		struct kvm_nested_state nested;
		char nested_[16384];
	};
	struct kvm_msrs msrs;
};

static int kvm_get_num_msrs(struct kvm_vm *vm)
{
	struct kvm_msr_list nmsrs;
	int r;

	nmsrs.nmsrs = 0;
	r = ioctl(vm->kvm_fd, KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST, &nmsrs);
	TEST_ASSERT(r == -1 && errno == E2BIG, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST probe, r: %i",
		r);

	return nmsrs.nmsrs;
}

struct kvm_x86_state *vcpu_save_state(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid)
{
	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
	struct kvm_msr_list *list;
	struct kvm_x86_state *state;
	int nmsrs, r, i;
	static int nested_size = -1;

	if (nested_size == -1) {
		nested_size = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE);
		TEST_ASSERT(nested_size <= sizeof(state->nested_),
			    "Nested state size too big, %i > %zi",
			    nested_size, sizeof(state->nested_));
	}

	/*
	 * When KVM exits to userspace with KVM_EXIT_IO, KVM guarantees
	 * guest state is consistent only after userspace re-enters the
	 * kernel with KVM_RUN.  Complete IO prior to migrating state
	 * to a new VM.
	 */
	vcpu_run_complete_io(vm, vcpuid);

	nmsrs = kvm_get_num_msrs(vm);
	list = malloc(sizeof(*list) + nmsrs * sizeof(list->indices[0]));
	list->nmsrs = nmsrs;
	r = ioctl(vm->kvm_fd, KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST, list);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MSR_INDEX_LIST, r: %i",
                r);

	state = malloc(sizeof(*state) + nmsrs * sizeof(state->msrs.entries[0]));
	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS, &state->events);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_VCPU_EVENTS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_MP_STATE, &state->mp_state);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MP_STATE, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_REGS, &state->regs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_REGS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_XSAVE, &state->xsave);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_XSAVE, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_XCRS, &state->xcrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_XCRS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_SREGS, &state->sregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_SREGS, r: %i",
                r);

	if (nested_size) {
		state->nested.size = sizeof(state->nested_);
		r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE, &state->nested);
		TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE, r: %i",
			r);
		TEST_ASSERT(state->nested.size <= nested_size,
			"Nested state size too big, %i (KVM_CHECK_CAP gave %i)",
			state->nested.size, nested_size);
	} else
		state->nested.size = 0;

	state->msrs.nmsrs = nmsrs;
	for (i = 0; i < nmsrs; i++)
		state->msrs.entries[i].index = list->indices[i];
	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_MSRS, &state->msrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == nmsrs, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_MSRS, r: %i (failed at %x)",
                r, r == nmsrs ? -1 : list->indices[r]);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS, &state->debugregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_GET_DEBUGREGS, r: %i",
                r);

	free(list);
	return state;
}

void vcpu_load_state(struct kvm_vm *vm, uint32_t vcpuid, struct kvm_x86_state *state)
{
	struct vcpu *vcpu = vcpu_find(vm, vcpuid);
	int r;

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_XSAVE, &state->xsave);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_XSAVE, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_XCRS, &state->xcrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_XCRS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_SREGS, &state->sregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_SREGS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_MSRS, &state->msrs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == state->msrs.nmsrs, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_MSRS, r: %i (failed at %x)",
                r, r == state->msrs.nmsrs ? -1 : state->msrs.entries[r].index);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS, &state->events);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_VCPU_EVENTS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_MP_STATE, &state->mp_state);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_MP_STATE, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_DEBUGREGS, &state->debugregs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_DEBUGREGS, r: %i",
                r);

	r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_REGS, &state->regs);
        TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_REGS, r: %i",
                r);

	if (state->nested.size) {
		r = ioctl(vcpu->fd, KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE, &state->nested);
		TEST_ASSERT(r == 0, "Unexpected result from KVM_SET_NESTED_STATE, r: %i",
			r);
	}
}

bool is_intel_cpu(void)
{
	int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
	const uint32_t *chunk;
	const int leaf = 0;

	__asm__ __volatile__(
		"cpuid"
		: /* output */ "=a"(eax), "=b"(ebx),
		  "=c"(ecx), "=d"(edx)
		: /* input */ "0"(leaf), "2"(0));

	chunk = (const uint32_t *)("GenuineIntel");
	return (ebx == chunk[0] && edx == chunk[1] && ecx == chunk[2]);
}