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authorDmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>2017-04-07 04:08:42 +0300
committerDmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>2017-04-18 06:19:34 +0300
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treeae9fe094c35a07f4f7e9d296c6e25b26ee8b7825 /Documentation/input/devices/atarikbd.rst
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Input: docs - split input docs into kernel- and user-facing
Split input documentation into several groups: kernel- and user-facing, and notes about individual device drivers. Move device drivers docs into a separate subdirectory. Signed-off-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dmitry.torokhov@gmail.com>
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+====================================
+Intelligent Keyboard (ikbd) Protocol
+====================================
+
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+The Atari Corp. Intelligent Keyboard (ikbd) is a general purpose keyboard
+controller that is flexible enough that it can be used in a variety of
+products without modification. The keyboard, with its microcontroller,
+provides a convenient connection point for a mouse and switch-type joysticks.
+The ikbd processor also maintains a time-of-day clock with one second
+resolution.
+The ikbd has been designed to be general enough that it can be used with a
+variety of new computer products. Product variations in a number of
+keyswitches, mouse resolution, etc. can be accommodated.
+The ikbd communicates with the main processor over a high speed bi-directional
+serial interface. It can function in a variety of modes to facilitate
+different applications of the keyboard, joysticks, or mouse. Limited use of
+the controller is possible in applications in which only a unidirectional
+communications medium is available by carefully designing the default modes.
+
+Keyboard
+========
+
+The keyboard always returns key make/break scan codes. The ikbd generates
+keyboard scan codes for each key press and release. The key scan make (key
+closure) codes start at 1, and are defined in Appendix A. For example, the
+ISO key position in the scan code table should exist even if no keyswitch
+exists in that position on a particular keyboard. The break code for each key
+is obtained by ORing 0x80 with the make code.
+
+The special codes 0xF6 through 0xFF are reserved for use as follows:
+
+=================== ====================================================
+ Code Command
+=================== ====================================================
+ 0xF6 status report
+ 0xF7 absolute mouse position record
+ 0xF8-0xFB relative mouse position records (lsbs determined by
+ mouse button states)
+ 0xFC time-of-day
+ 0xFD joystick report (both sticks)
+ 0xFE joystick 0 event
+ 0xFF joystick 1 event
+=================== ====================================================
+
+The two shift keys return different scan codes in this mode. The ENTER key
+and the RETurn key are also distinct.
+
+Mouse
+=====
+
+The mouse port should be capable of supporting a mouse with resolution of
+approximately 200 counts (phase changes or 'clicks') per inch of travel. The
+mouse should be scanned at a rate that will permit accurate tracking at
+velocities up to 10 inches per second.
+The ikbd can report mouse motion in three distinctly different ways. It can
+report relative motion, absolute motion in a coordinate system maintained
+within the ikbd, or by converting mouse motion into keyboard cursor control
+key equivalents.
+The mouse buttons can be treated as part of the mouse or as additional
+keyboard keys.
+
+Relative Position Reporting
+---------------------------
+
+In relative position mode, the ikbd will return relative mouse position
+records whenever a mouse event occurs. A mouse event consists of a mouse
+button being pressed or released, or motion in either axis exceeding a
+settable threshold of motion. Regardless of the threshold, all bits of
+resolution are returned to the host computer.
+Note that the ikbd may return mouse relative position reports with
+significantly more than the threshold delta x or y. This may happen since no
+relative mouse motion events will be generated: (a) while the keyboard has
+been 'paused' ( the event will be stored until keyboard communications is
+resumed) (b) while any event is being transmitted.
+
+The relative mouse position record is a three byte record of the form
+(regardless of keyboard mode)::
+
+ %111110xy ; mouse position record flag
+ ; where y is the right button state
+ ; and x is the left button state
+ X ; delta x as twos complement integer
+ Y ; delta y as twos complement integer
+
+Note that the value of the button state bits should be valid even if the
+MOUSE BUTTON ACTION has set the buttons to act like part of the keyboard.
+If the accumulated motion before the report packet is generated exceeds the
++127...-128 range, the motion is broken into multiple packets.
+Note that the sign of the delta y reported is a function of the Y origin
+selected.
+
+Absolute Position reporting
+---------------------------
+
+The ikbd can also maintain absolute mouse position. Commands exist for
+resetting the mouse position, setting X/Y scaling, and interrogating the
+current mouse position.
+
+Mouse Cursor Key Mode
+---------------------
+
+The ikbd can translate mouse motion into the equivalent cursor keystrokes.
+The number of mouse clicks per keystroke is independently programmable in
+each axis. The ikbd internally maintains mouse motion information to the
+highest resolution available, and merely generates a pair of cursor key events
+for each multiple of the scale factor.
+Mouse motion produces the cursor key make code immediately followed by the
+break code for the appropriate cursor key. The mouse buttons produce scan
+codes above those normally assigned for the largest envisioned keyboard (i.e.
+LEFT=0x74 & RIGHT=0x75).
+
+Joystick
+========
+
+Joystick Event Reporting
+------------------------
+
+In this mode, the ikbd generates a record whenever the joystick position is
+changed (i.e. for each opening or closing of a joystick switch or trigger).
+
+The joystick event record is two bytes of the form::
+
+ %1111111x ; Joystick event marker
+ ; where x is Joystick 0 or 1
+ %x000yyyy ; where yyyy is the stick position
+ ; and x is the trigger
+
+Joystick Interrogation
+----------------------
+
+The current state of the joystick ports may be interrogated at any time in
+this mode by sending an 'Interrogate Joystick' command to the ikbd.
+
+The ikbd response to joystick interrogation is a three byte report of the form::
+
+ 0xFD ; joystick report header
+ %x000yyyy ; Joystick 0
+ %x000yyyy ; Joystick 1
+ ; where x is the trigger
+ ; and yyy is the stick position
+
+Joystick Monitoring
+-------------------
+
+A mode is available that devotes nearly all of the keyboard communications
+time to reporting the state of the joystick ports at a user specifiable rate.
+It remains in this mode until reset or commanded into another mode. The PAUSE
+command in this mode not only stop the output but also temporarily stops
+scanning the joysticks (samples are not queued).
+
+Fire Button Monitoring
+----------------------
+
+A mode is provided to permit monitoring a single input bit at a high rate. In
+this mode the ikbd monitors the state of the Joystick 1 fire button at the
+maximum rate permitted by the serial communication channel. The data is packed
+8 bits per byte for transmission to the host. The ikbd remains in this mode
+until reset or commanded into another mode. The PAUSE command in this mode not
+only stops the output but also temporarily stops scanning the button (samples
+are not queued).
+
+Joystick Key Code Mode
+----------------------
+
+The ikbd may be commanded to translate the use of either joystick into the
+equivalent cursor control keystroke(s). The ikbd provides a single breakpoint
+velocity joystick cursor.
+Joystick events produce the make code, immediately followed by the break code
+for the appropriate cursor motion keys. The trigger or fire buttons of the
+joysticks produce pseudo key scan codes above those used by the largest key
+matrix envisioned (i.e. JOYSTICK0=0x74, JOYSTICK1=0x75).
+
+Time-of-Day Clock
+=================
+
+The ikbd also maintains a time-of-day clock for the system. Commands are
+available to set and interrogate the timer-of-day clock. Time-keeping is
+maintained down to a resolution of one second.
+
+Status Inquiries
+================
+
+The current state of ikbd modes and parameters may be found by sending status
+inquiry commands that correspond to the ikbd set commands.
+
+Power-Up Mode
+=============
+
+The keyboard controller will perform a simple self-test on power-up to detect
+major controller faults (ROM checksum and RAM test) and such things as stuck
+keys. Any keys down at power-up are presumed to be stuck, and their BREAK
+(sic) code is returned (which without the preceding MAKE code is a flag for a
+keyboard error). If the controller self-test completes without error, the code
+0xF0 is returned. (This code will be used to indicate the version/release of
+the ikbd controller. The first release of the ikbd is version 0xF0, should
+there be a second release it will be 0xF1, and so on.)
+The ikbd defaults to a mouse position reporting with threshold of 1 unit in
+either axis and the Y=0 origin at the top of the screen, and joystick event
+reporting mode for joystick 1, with both buttons being logically assigned to
+the mouse. After any joystick command, the ikbd assumes that joysticks are
+connected to both Joystick0 and Joystick1. Any mouse command (except MOUSE
+DISABLE) then causes port 0 to again be scanned as if it were a mouse, and
+both buttons are logically connected to it. If a mouse disable command is
+received while port 0 is presumed to be a mouse, the button is logically
+assigned to Joystick1 (until the mouse is reenabled by another mouse command).
+
+ikbd Command Set
+================
+
+This section contains a list of commands that can be sent to the ikbd. Command
+codes (such as 0x00) which are not specified should perform no operation
+(NOPs).
+
+RESET
+-----
+
+::
+
+ 0x80
+ 0x01
+
+N.B. The RESET command is the only two byte command understood by the ikbd.
+Any byte following an 0x80 command byte other than 0x01 is ignored (and causes
+the 0x80 to be ignored).
+A reset may also be caused by sending a break lasting at least 200mS to the
+ikbd.
+Executing the RESET command returns the keyboard to its default (power-up)
+mode and parameter settings. It does not affect the time-of-day clock.
+The RESET command or function causes the ikbd to perform a simple self-test.
+If the test is successful, the ikbd will send the code of 0xF0 within 300mS
+of receipt of the RESET command (or the end of the break, or power-up). The
+ikbd will then scan the key matrix for any stuck (closed) keys. Any keys found
+closed will cause the break scan code to be generated (the break code arriving
+without being preceded by the make code is a flag for a key matrix error).
+
+SET MOUSE BUTTON ACTION
+-----------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x07
+ %00000mss ; mouse button action
+ ; (m is presumed = 1 when in MOUSE KEYCODE mode)
+ ; mss=0xy, mouse button press or release causes mouse
+ ; position report
+ ; where y=1, mouse key press causes absolute report
+ ; and x=1, mouse key release causes absolute report
+ ; mss=100, mouse buttons act like keys
+
+This command sets how the ikbd should treat the buttons on the mouse. The
+default mouse button action mode is %00000000, the buttons are treated as part
+of the mouse logically.
+When buttons act like keys, LEFT=0x74 & RIGHT=0x75.
+
+SET RELATIVE MOUSE POSITION REPORTING
+-------------------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x08
+
+Set relative mouse position reporting. (DEFAULT) Mouse position packets are
+generated asynchronously by the ikbd whenever motion exceeds the setable
+threshold in either axis (see SET MOUSE THRESHOLD). Depending upon the mouse
+key mode, mouse position reports may also be generated when either mouse
+button is pressed or released. Otherwise the mouse buttons behave as if they
+were keyboard keys.
+
+SET ABSOLUTE MOUSE POSITIONING
+------------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x09
+ XMSB ; X maximum (in scaled mouse clicks)
+ XLSB
+ YMSB ; Y maximum (in scaled mouse clicks)
+ YLSB
+
+Set absolute mouse position maintenance. Resets the ikbd maintained X and Y
+coordinates.
+In this mode, the value of the internally maintained coordinates does NOT wrap
+between 0 and large positive numbers. Excess motion below 0 is ignored. The
+command sets the maximum positive value that can be attained in the scaled
+coordinate system. Motion beyond that value is also ignored.
+
+SET MOUSE KEYCODE MOSE
+----------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x0A
+ deltax ; distance in X clicks to return (LEFT) or (RIGHT)
+ deltay ; distance in Y clicks to return (UP) or (DOWN)
+
+Set mouse monitoring routines to return cursor motion keycodes instead of
+either RELATIVE or ABSOLUTE motion records. The ikbd returns the appropriate
+cursor keycode after mouse travel exceeding the user specified deltas in
+either axis. When the keyboard is in key scan code mode, mouse motion will
+cause the make code immediately followed by the break code. Note that this
+command is not affected by the mouse motion origin.
+
+SET MOUSE THRESHOLD
+-------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x0B
+ X ; x threshold in mouse ticks (positive integers)
+ Y ; y threshold in mouse ticks (positive integers)
+
+This command sets the threshold before a mouse event is generated. Note that
+it does NOT affect the resolution of the data returned to the host. This
+command is valid only in RELATIVE MOUSE POSITIONING mode. The thresholds
+default to 1 at RESET (or power-up).
+
+SET MOUSE SCALE
+---------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x0C
+ X ; horizontal mouse ticks per internal X
+ Y ; vertical mouse ticks per internal Y
+
+This command sets the scale factor for the ABSOLUTE MOUSE POSITIONING mode.
+In this mode, the specified number of mouse phase changes ('clicks') must
+occur before the internally maintained coordinate is changed by one
+(independently scaled for each axis). Remember that the mouse position
+information is available only by interrogating the ikbd in the ABSOLUTE MOUSE
+POSITIONING mode unless the ikbd has been commanded to report on button press
+or release (see SET MOSE BUTTON ACTION).
+
+INTERROGATE MOUSE POSITION
+--------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x0D
+ Returns:
+ 0xF7 ; absolute mouse position header
+ BUTTONS
+ 0000dcba ; where a is right button down since last interrogation
+ ; b is right button up since last
+ ; c is left button down since last
+ ; d is left button up since last
+ XMSB ; X coordinate
+ XLSB
+ YMSB ; Y coordinate
+ YLSB
+
+The INTERROGATE MOUSE POSITION command is valid when in the ABSOLUTE MOUSE
+POSITIONING mode, regardless of the setting of the MOUSE BUTTON ACTION.
+
+LOAD MOUSE POSITION
+-------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x0E
+ 0x00 ; filler
+ XMSB ; X coordinate
+ XLSB ; (in scaled coordinate system)
+ YMSB ; Y coordinate
+ YLSB
+
+This command allows the user to preset the internally maintained absolute
+mouse position.
+
+SET Y=0 AT BOTTOM
+-----------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x0F
+
+This command makes the origin of the Y axis to be at the bottom of the
+logical coordinate system internal to the ikbd for all relative or absolute
+mouse motion. This causes mouse motion toward the user to be negative in sign
+and away from the user to be positive.
+
+SET Y=0 AT TOP
+--------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x10
+
+Makes the origin of the Y axis to be at the top of the logical coordinate
+system within the ikbd for all relative or absolute mouse motion. (DEFAULT)
+This causes mouse motion toward the user to be positive in sign and away from
+the user to be negative.
+
+RESUME
+------
+
+::
+
+ 0x11
+
+Resume sending data to the host. Since any command received by the ikbd after
+its output has been paused also causes an implicit RESUME this command can be
+thought of as a NO OPERATION command. If this command is received by the ikbd
+and it is not PAUSED, it is simply ignored.
+
+DISABLE MOUSE
+-------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x12
+
+All mouse event reporting is disabled (and scanning may be internally
+disabled). Any valid mouse mode command resumes mouse motion monitoring. (The
+valid mouse mode commands are SET RELATIVE MOUSE POSITION REPORTING, SET
+ABSOLUTE MOUSE POSITIONING, and SET MOUSE KEYCODE MODE. )
+N.B. If the mouse buttons have been commanded to act like keyboard keys, this
+command DOES affect their actions.
+
+PAUSE OUTPUT
+------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x13
+
+Stop sending data to the host until another valid command is received. Key
+matrix activity is still monitored and scan codes or ASCII characters enqueued
+(up to the maximum supported by the microcontroller) to be sent when the host
+allows the output to be resumed. If in the JOYSTICK EVENT REPORTING mode,
+joystick events are also queued.
+Mouse motion should be accumulated while the output is paused. If the ikbd is
+in RELATIVE MOUSE POSITIONING REPORTING mode, motion is accumulated beyond the
+normal threshold limits to produce the minimum number of packets necessary for
+transmission when output is resumed. Pressing or releasing either mouse button
+causes any accumulated motion to be immediately queued as packets, if the
+mouse is in RELATIVE MOUSE POSITION REPORTING mode.
+Because of the limitations of the microcontroller memory this command should
+be used sparingly, and the output should not be shut of for more than <tbd>
+milliseconds at a time.
+The output is stopped only at the end of the current 'even'. If the PAUSE
+OUTPUT command is received in the middle of a multiple byte report, the packet
+will still be transmitted to conclusion and then the PAUSE will take effect.
+When the ikbd is in either the JOYSTICK MONITORING mode or the FIRE BUTTON
+MONITORING mode, the PAUSE OUTPUT command also temporarily stops the
+monitoring process (i.e. the samples are not enqueued for transmission).
+
+SET JOYSTICK EVENT REPORTING
+----------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x14
+
+Enter JOYSTICK EVENT REPORTING mode (DEFAULT). Each opening or closure of a
+joystick switch or trigger causes a joystick event record to be generated.
+
+SET JOYSTICK INTERROGATION MODE
+-------------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x15
+
+Disables JOYSTICK EVENT REPORTING. Host must send individual JOYSTICK
+INTERROGATE commands to sense joystick state.
+
+JOYSTICK INTERROGATE
+--------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x16
+
+Return a record indicating the current state of the joysticks. This command
+is valid in either the JOYSTICK EVENT REPORTING mode or the JOYSTICK
+INTERROGATION MODE.
+
+SET JOYSTICK MONITORING
+-----------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x17
+ rate ; time between samples in hundredths of a second
+ Returns: (in packets of two as long as in mode)
+ %000000xy ; where y is JOYSTICK1 Fire button
+ ; and x is JOYSTICK0 Fire button
+ %nnnnmmmm ; where m is JOYSTICK1 state
+ ; and n is JOYSTICK0 state
+
+Sets the ikbd to do nothing but monitor the serial command line, maintain the
+time-of-day clock, and monitor the joystick. The rate sets the interval
+between joystick samples.
+N.B. The user should not set the rate higher than the serial communications
+channel will allow the 2 bytes packets to be transmitted.
+
+SET FIRE BUTTON MONITORING
+--------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x18
+ Returns: (as long as in mode)
+ %bbbbbbbb ; state of the JOYSTICK1 fire button packed
+ ; 8 bits per byte, the first sample if the MSB
+
+Set the ikbd to do nothing but monitor the serial command line, maintain the
+time-of-day clock, and monitor the fire button on Joystick 1. The fire button
+is scanned at a rate that causes 8 samples to be made in the time it takes for
+the previous byte to be sent to the host (i.e. scan rate = 8/10 * baud rate).
+The sample interval should be as constant as possible.
+
+SET JOYSTICK KEYCODE MODE
+-------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x19
+ RX ; length of time (in tenths of seconds) until
+ ; horizontal velocity breakpoint is reached
+ RY ; length of time (in tenths of seconds) until
+ ; vertical velocity breakpoint is reached
+ TX ; length (in tenths of seconds) of joystick closure
+ ; until horizontal cursor key is generated before RX
+ ; has elapsed
+ TY ; length (in tenths of seconds) of joystick closure
+ ; until vertical cursor key is generated before RY
+ ; has elapsed
+ VX ; length (in tenths of seconds) of joystick closure
+ ; until horizontal cursor keystrokes are generated
+ ; after RX has elapsed
+ VY ; length (in tenths of seconds) of joystick closure
+ ; until vertical cursor keystrokes are generated
+ ; after RY has elapsed
+
+In this mode, joystick 0 is scanned in a way that simulates cursor keystrokes.
+On initial closure, a keystroke pair (make/break) is generated. Then up to Rn
+tenths of seconds later, keystroke pairs are generated every Tn tenths of
+seconds. After the Rn breakpoint is reached, keystroke pairs are generated
+every Vn tenths of seconds. This provides a velocity (auto-repeat) breakpoint
+feature.
+Note that by setting RX and/or Ry to zero, the velocity feature can be
+disabled. The values of TX and TY then become meaningless, and the generation
+of cursor 'keystrokes' is set by VX and VY.
+
+DISABLE JOYSTICKS
+-----------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x1A
+
+Disable the generation of any joystick events (and scanning may be internally
+disabled). Any valid joystick mode command resumes joystick monitoring. (The
+joystick mode commands are SET JOYSTICK EVENT REPORTING, SET JOYSTICK
+INTERROGATION MODE, SET JOYSTICK MONITORING, SET FIRE BUTTON MONITORING, and
+SET JOYSTICK KEYCODE MODE.)
+
+TIME-OF-DAY CLOCK SET
+---------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x1B
+ YY ; year (2 least significant digits)
+ MM ; month
+ DD ; day
+ hh ; hour
+ mm ; minute
+ ss ; second
+
+All time-of-day data should be sent to the ikbd in packed BCD format.
+Any digit that is not a valid BCD digit should be treated as a 'don't care'
+and not alter that particular field of the date or time. This permits setting
+only some subfields of the time-of-day clock.
+
+INTERROGATE TIME-OF-DAT CLOCK
+-----------------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x1C
+ Returns:
+ 0xFC ; time-of-day event header
+ YY ; year (2 least significant digits)
+ MM ; month
+ DD ; day
+ hh ; hour
+ mm ; minute
+ ss ; second
+
+ All time-of-day is sent in packed BCD format.
+
+MEMORY LOAD
+-----------
+
+::
+
+ 0x20
+ ADRMSB ; address in controller
+ ADRLSB ; memory to be loaded
+ NUM ; number of bytes (0-128)
+ { data }
+
+This command permits the host to load arbitrary values into the ikbd
+controller memory. The time between data bytes must be less than 20ms.
+
+MEMORY READ
+-----------
+
+::
+
+ 0x21
+ ADRMSB ; address in controller
+ ADRLSB ; memory to be read
+ Returns:
+ 0xF6 ; status header
+ 0x20 ; memory access
+ { data } ; 6 data bytes starting at ADR
+
+This command permits the host to read from the ikbd controller memory.
+
+CONTROLLER EXECUTE
+------------------
+
+::
+
+ 0x22
+ ADRMSB ; address of subroutine in
+ ADRLSB ; controller memory to be called
+
+This command allows the host to command the execution of a subroutine in the
+ikbd controller memory.
+
+STATUS INQUIRIES
+----------------
+
+::
+
+ Status commands are formed by inclusively ORing 0x80 with the
+ relevant SET command.
+
+ Example:
+ 0x88 (or 0x89 or 0x8A) ; request mouse mode
+ Returns:
+ 0xF6 ; status response header
+ mode ; 0x08 is RELATIVE
+ ; 0x09 is ABSOLUTE
+ ; 0x0A is KEYCODE
+ param1 ; 0 is RELATIVE
+ ; XMSB maximum if ABSOLUTE
+ ; DELTA X is KEYCODE
+ param2 ; 0 is RELATIVE
+ ; YMSB maximum if ABSOLUTE
+ ; DELTA Y is KEYCODE
+ param3 ; 0 if RELATIVE
+ ; or KEYCODE
+ ; YMSB is ABSOLUTE
+ param4 ; 0 if RELATIVE
+ ; or KEYCODE
+ ; YLSB is ABSOLUTE
+ 0 ; pad
+ 0
+
+The STATUS INQUIRY commands request the ikbd to return either the current mode
+or the parameters associated with a given command. All status reports are
+padded to form 8 byte long return packets. The responses to the status
+requests are designed so that the host may store them away (after stripping
+off the status report header byte) and later send them back as commands to
+ikbd to restore its state. The 0 pad bytes will be treated as NOPs by the
+ikbd.
+
+ Valid STATUS INQUIRY commands are::
+
+ 0x87 mouse button action
+ 0x88 mouse mode
+ 0x89
+ 0x8A
+ 0x8B mnouse threshold
+ 0x8C mouse scale
+ 0x8F mouse vertical coordinates
+ 0x90 ( returns 0x0F Y=0 at bottom
+ 0x10 Y=0 at top )
+ 0x92 mouse enable/disable
+ ( returns 0x00 enabled)
+ 0x12 disabled )
+ 0x94 joystick mode
+ 0x95
+ 0x96
+ 0x9A joystick enable/disable
+ ( returns 0x00 enabled
+ 0x1A disabled )
+
+It is the (host) programmer's responsibility to have only one unanswered
+inquiry in process at a time.
+STATUS INQUIRY commands are not valid if the ikbd is in JOYSTICK MONITORING
+mode or FIRE BUTTON MONITORING mode.
+
+
+SCAN CODES
+==========
+
+The key scan codes returned by the ikbd are chosen to simplify the
+implementation of GSX.
+
+GSX Standard Keyboard Mapping
+
+======= ============
+Hex Keytop
+======= ============
+01 Esc
+02 1
+03 2
+04 3
+05 4
+06 5
+07 6
+08 7
+09 8
+0A 9
+0B 0
+0C \-
+0D \=
+0E BS
+0F TAB
+10 Q
+11 W
+12 E
+13 R
+14 T
+15 Y
+16 U
+17 I
+18 O
+19 P
+1A [
+1B ]
+1C RET
+1D CTRL
+1E A
+1F S
+20 D
+21 F
+22 G
+23 H
+24 J
+25 K
+26 L
+27 ;
+28 '
+29 \`
+2A (LEFT) SHIFT
+2B \\
+2C Z
+2D X
+2E C
+2F V
+30 B
+31 N
+32 M
+33 ,
+34 .
+35 /
+36 (RIGHT) SHIFT
+37 { NOT USED }
+38 ALT
+39 SPACE BAR
+3A CAPS LOCK
+3B F1
+3C F2
+3D F3
+3E F4
+3F F5
+40 F6
+41 F7
+42 F8
+43 F9
+44 F10
+45 { NOT USED }
+46 { NOT USED }
+47 HOME
+48 UP ARROW
+49 { NOT USED }
+4A KEYPAD -
+4B LEFT ARROW
+4C { NOT USED }
+4D RIGHT ARROW
+4E KEYPAD +
+4F { NOT USED }
+50 DOWN ARROW
+51 { NOT USED }
+52 INSERT
+53 DEL
+54 { NOT USED }
+5F { NOT USED }
+60 ISO KEY
+61 UNDO
+62 HELP
+63 KEYPAD (
+64 KEYPAD /
+65 KEYPAD *
+66 KEYPAD *
+67 KEYPAD 7
+68 KEYPAD 8
+69 KEYPAD 9
+6A KEYPAD 4
+6B KEYPAD 5
+6C KEYPAD 6
+6D KEYPAD 1
+6E KEYPAD 2
+6F KEYPAD 3
+70 KEYPAD 0
+71 KEYPAD .
+72 KEYPAD ENTER
+======= ============