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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2017-07-15 22:58:58 +0300
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2017-07-15 22:58:58 +0300
commit486088bc4689f826b80aa317b45ac9e42e8b25ee (patch)
treeadf5847a6119d24da990d9e336f005c4a316e6be /Documentation/preempt-locking.txt
parent52f6c588c77b76d548201470c2a28263a41b462b (diff)
parent43e5f7e1fa66531777c49791014c3124ea9208d8 (diff)
downloadlinux-486088bc4689f826b80aa317b45ac9e42e8b25ee.tar.xz
Merge tag 'standardize-docs' of git://git.lwn.net/linux
Pull documentation format standardization from Jonathan Corbet: "This series converts a number of top-level documents to the RST format without incorporating them into the Sphinx tree. The hope is to bring some uniformity to kernel documentation and, perhaps more importantly, have our existing docs serve as an example of the desired formatting for those that will be added later. Mauro has gone through and fixed up a lot of top-level documentation files to make them conform to the RST format, but without moving or renaming them in any way. This will help when we incorporate the ones we want to keep into the Sphinx doctree, but the real purpose is to bring a bit of uniformity to our documentation and let the top-level docs serve as examples for those writing new ones" * tag 'standardize-docs' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (84 commits) docs: kprobes.txt: Fix whitespacing tee.txt: standardize document format cgroup-v2.txt: standardize document format dell_rbu.txt: standardize document format zorro.txt: standardize document format xz.txt: standardize document format xillybus.txt: standardize document format vfio.txt: standardize document format vfio-mediated-device.txt: standardize document format unaligned-memory-access.txt: standardize document format this_cpu_ops.txt: standardize document format svga.txt: standardize document format static-keys.txt: standardize document format smsc_ece1099.txt: standardize document format SM501.txt: standardize document format siphash.txt: standardize document format sgi-ioc4.txt: standardize document format SAK.txt: standardize document format rpmsg.txt: standardize document format robust-futexes.txt: standardize document format ...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/preempt-locking.txt')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/preempt-locking.txt40
1 files changed, 25 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/preempt-locking.txt b/Documentation/preempt-locking.txt
index e89ce6624af2..c945062be66c 100644
--- a/Documentation/preempt-locking.txt
+++ b/Documentation/preempt-locking.txt
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
- Proper Locking Under a Preemptible Kernel:
- Keeping Kernel Code Preempt-Safe
- Robert Love <rml@tech9.net>
- Last Updated: 28 Aug 2002
+===========================================================================
+Proper Locking Under a Preemptible Kernel: Keeping Kernel Code Preempt-Safe
+===========================================================================
+:Author: Robert Love <rml@tech9.net>
+:Last Updated: 28 Aug 2002
-INTRODUCTION
+
+Introduction
+============
A preemptible kernel creates new locking issues. The issues are the same as
@@ -17,9 +20,10 @@ requires protecting these situations.
RULE #1: Per-CPU data structures need explicit protection
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Two similar problems arise. An example code snippet:
+Two similar problems arise. An example code snippet::
struct this_needs_locking tux[NR_CPUS];
tux[smp_processor_id()] = some_value;
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ You can also use put_cpu() and get_cpu(), which will disable preemption.
RULE #2: CPU state must be protected.
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Under preemption, the state of the CPU must be protected. This is arch-
@@ -52,6 +57,7 @@ However, fpu__restore() must be called with preemption disabled.
RULE #3: Lock acquire and release must be performed by same task
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A lock acquired in one task must be released by the same task. This
@@ -61,17 +67,20 @@ like this, acquire and release the task in the same code path and
have the caller wait on an event by the other task.
-SOLUTION
+Solution
+========
Data protection under preemption is achieved by disabling preemption for the
duration of the critical region.
-preempt_enable() decrement the preempt counter
-preempt_disable() increment the preempt counter
-preempt_enable_no_resched() decrement, but do not immediately preempt
-preempt_check_resched() if needed, reschedule
-preempt_count() return the preempt counter
+::
+
+ preempt_enable() decrement the preempt counter
+ preempt_disable() increment the preempt counter
+ preempt_enable_no_resched() decrement, but do not immediately preempt
+ preempt_check_resched() if needed, reschedule
+ preempt_count() return the preempt counter
The functions are nestable. In other words, you can call preempt_disable
n-times in a code path, and preemption will not be reenabled until the n-th
@@ -89,7 +98,7 @@ So use this implicit preemption-disabling property only if you know that the
affected codepath does not do any of this. Best policy is to use this only for
small, atomic code that you wrote and which calls no complex functions.
-Example:
+Example::
cpucache_t *cc; /* this is per-CPU */
preempt_disable();
@@ -102,7 +111,7 @@ Example:
return 0;
Notice how the preemption statements must encompass every reference of the
-critical variables. Another example:
+critical variables. Another example::
int buf[NR_CPUS];
set_cpu_val(buf);
@@ -114,7 +123,8 @@ This code is not preempt-safe, but see how easily we can fix it by simply
moving the spin_lock up two lines.
-PREVENTING PREEMPTION USING INTERRUPT DISABLING
+Preventing preemption using interrupt disabling
+===============================================
It is possible to prevent a preemption event using local_irq_disable and