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Prepare for the coming implementation by GCC and Clang of the __counted_by
attribute. Flexible array members annotated with __counted_by can have
their accesses bounds-checked at run-time checking via CONFIG_UBSAN_BOUNDS
(for array indexing) and CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE (for strcpy/memcpy-family
functions).
As found with Coccinelle[1], add __counted_by for struct cpuinfo_tree.
[1] https://github.com/kees/kernel-tools/blob/trunk/coccinelle/examples/counted_by.cocci
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: "Gustavo A. R. Silva" <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230922175159.work.357-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
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The current codebase makes use of the zero-length array language
extension to the C90 standard, but the preferred mechanism to declare
variable-length types such as these ones is a flexible array member[1][2],
introduced in C99:
struct foo {
int stuff;
struct boo array[];
};
By making use of the mechanism above, we will get a compiler warning
in case the flexible array does not occur last in the structure, which
will help us prevent some kind of undefined behavior bugs from being
inadvertently introduced[3] to the codebase from now on.
Also, notice that, dynamic memory allocations won't be affected by
this change:
"Flexible array members have incomplete type, and so the sizeof operator
may not be applied. As a quirk of the original implementation of
zero-length arrays, sizeof evaluates to zero."[1]
sizeof(flexible-array-member) triggers a warning because flexible array
members have incomplete type[1]. There are some instances of code in
which the sizeof operator is being incorrectly/erroneously applied to
zero-length arrays and the result is zero. Such instances may be hiding
some bugs. So, this work (flexible-array member conversions) will also
help to get completely rid of those sorts of issues.
This issue was found with the help of Coccinelle.
[1] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Zero-Length.html
[2] https://github.com/KSPP/linux/issues/21
[3] commit 76497732932f ("cxgb3/l2t: Fix undefined behaviour")
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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One of the more common cases of allocation size calculations is finding the
size of a structure that has a zero-sized array at the end, along with memory
for some number of elements for that array. For example:
struct foo {
int stuff;
void *entry[];
};
instance = kzalloc(sizeof(struct foo) + sizeof(void *) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
Instead of leaving these open-coded and prone to type mistakes, we can now
use the new struct_size() helper:
instance = kzalloc(struct_size(instance, entry, count), GFP_KERNEL);
This code was detected with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavo@embeddedor.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Recognize SPARC-M8 cpu type, hardware caps and cpu
distribution map.
Signed-off-by: Allen Pais <allen.pais@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David Aldridge <david.j.aldridge@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Add code to recognize SPARC-Sonoma cpu correctly and update cpu hardware
caps and cpu distribution map. SPARC-Sonoma is based upon SPARC-M7 core
along with additional PCI functions added on and is reported by firmware
as "SPARC-SN".
Signed-off-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Allen Pais <allen.pais@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Add M6 and M7 chip type in cpumap.c to correctly build CPU distribution map that spans all online CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Allen Pais <allen.pais@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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None of these files are actually using any __init type directives
and hence don't need to include <linux/init.h>. Most are just a
left over from __devinit and __cpuinit removal, or simply due to
code getting copied from one driver to the next.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Add SPARC64X chip type in cpumap.c to correctly
build CPU distribution map that spans all CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Allen Pais <allen.pais@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Many of the core sparc kernel files are not modules, but just
including module.h for exporting symbols. Now these files can
use the lighter footprint export.h for this role.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
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Recognize T4 and T5 chips. Treating them both as "T2 plus other
stuff" should be extremely safe and make sure distributions will work
when those chips actually ship to customers.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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The cpu compatible string we look for is "SPARC-T3".
As far as memset/memcpy optimizations go, we treat this chip the same
as Niagara-T2/T2+. Use cache initializing stores for memset, and use
perfetch, FPU block loads, cache initializing stores, and block stores
for copies.
We use the Niagara-T2 perf support, since T3 is a close relative in
this regard. Later we'll add support for the new events T3 can
report, plus enable T3's new "sample" mode.
For now I haven't added any new ELF hwcap flags. We probably need
to add a couple, for example:
T2 and T3 both support the population count instruction in hardware.
T3 supports VIS3 instructions, including support (finally) for
partitioned shift. One can also now move directly between float
and integer registers.
T3 supports instructions meant to help with Galois Field and other HPC
calculations, such as XOR multiply. Also there are "OP and negate"
instructions, for example "fnmul" which is multiply-and-negate.
T3 recognizes the transactional memory opcodes, however since
transactional memory isn't supported: 1) 'commit' behaves as a NOP and
2) 'chkpt' always branches 3) 'rdcps' returns all zeros and 4) 'wrcps'
behaves as a NOP.
So we'll need about 3 new elf capability flags in the end to represent
all of these things.
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Adapt new API. Almost change is trivial, most important change are to
remove following like =operator.
cpumask_t cpu_mask = *mm_cpumask(mm);
cpus_allowed = current->cpus_allowed;
Because cpumask_var_t is =operator unsafe. These usage might prevent
kernel core improvement.
No functional change.
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
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irq_choose_cpu() should compare the affinity mask against cpu_online_map
rather than CPU_MASK_ALL, since irq_select_affinity() sets the interrupt's
affinity mask to cpu_online_map "and" CPU_MASK_ALL (which ends up being
just cpu_online_map). The mask comparison in irq_choose_cpu() will always
fail since the two masks are not the same. So the CPU chosen is the first CPU
in the intersection of cpu_online_map and CPU_MASK_ALL, which is always CPU0.
That means all interrupts are reassigned to CPU0...
Distributing interrupts to CPUs in a linearly increasing round robin fashion
is not optimal for the UltraSPARC T1/T2. Also, the irq_rover in
irq_choose_cpu() causes an interrupt to be assigned to a different
processor each time the interrupt is allocated and released. This may lead
to an unbalanced distribution over time.
A static mapping of interrupts to processors is done to optimize and balance
interrupt distribution. For the T1/T2, interrupts are spread to different
cores first, and then to strands within a core.
The following is some benchmarks showing the effects of interrupt
distribution on a T2. The test was done with iperf using a pair of T5220
boxes, each with a 10GBe NIU (XAUI) connected back to back.
TCP | Stock Linear RR IRQ Optimized IRQ
Streams | 2.6.30-rc5 Distribution Distribution
| GBits/sec GBits/sec GBits/sec
--------+-----------------------------------------
1 0.839 0.862 0.868
8 1.16 4.96 5.88
16 1.15 6.40 8.04
100 1.09 7.28 8.68
Signed-off-by: Hong H. Pham <hong.pham@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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