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Pull iomap updates from Darrick Wong:
"We've got some big changes for this release -- I'm very happy to be
landing willy's work to enable large folios for the page cache for
general read and write IOs when the fs can make contiguous space
allocations, and Ritesh's work to track sub-folio dirty state to
eliminate the write amplification problems inherent in using large
folios.
As a bonus, io_uring can now process write completions in the caller's
context instead of bouncing through a workqueue, which should reduce
io latency dramatically. IOWs, XFS should see a nice performance bump
for both IO paths.
Summary:
- Make large writes to the page cache fill sparse parts of the cache
with large folios, then use large memcpy calls for the large folio.
- Track the per-block dirty state of each large folio so that a
buffered write to a single byte on a large folio does not result in
a (potentially) multi-megabyte writeback IO.
- Allow some directio completions to be performed in the initiating
task's context instead of punting through a workqueue. This will
reduce latency for some io_uring requests"
* tag 'iomap-6.6-merge-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: (26 commits)
iomap: support IOCB_DIO_CALLER_COMP
io_uring/rw: add write support for IOCB_DIO_CALLER_COMP
fs: add IOCB flags related to passing back dio completions
iomap: add IOMAP_DIO_INLINE_COMP
iomap: only set iocb->private for polled bio
iomap: treat a write through cache the same as FUA
iomap: use an unsigned type for IOMAP_DIO_* defines
iomap: cleanup up iomap_dio_bio_end_io()
iomap: Add per-block dirty state tracking to improve performance
iomap: Allocate ifs in ->write_begin() early
iomap: Refactor iomap_write_delalloc_punch() function out
iomap: Use iomap_punch_t typedef
iomap: Fix possible overflow condition in iomap_write_delalloc_scan
iomap: Add some uptodate state handling helpers for ifs state bitmap
iomap: Drop ifs argument from iomap_set_range_uptodate()
iomap: Rename iomap_page to iomap_folio_state and others
iomap: Copy larger chunks from userspace
iomap: Create large folios in the buffered write path
filemap: Allow __filemap_get_folio to allocate large folios
filemap: Add fgf_t typedef
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull superblock updates from Christian Brauner:
"This contains the super rework that was ready for this cycle. The
first part changes the order of how we open block devices and allocate
superblocks, contains various cleanups, simplifications, and a new
mechanism to wait on superblock state changes.
This unblocks work to ultimately limit the number of writers to a
block device. Jan has already scheduled follow-up work that will be
ready for v6.7 and allows us to restrict the number of writers to a
given block device. That series builds on this work right here.
The second part contains filesystem freezing updates.
Overview:
The generic superblock changes are rougly organized as follows
(ignoring additional minor cleanups):
(1) Removal of the bd_super member from struct block_device.
This was a very odd back pointer to struct super_block with
unclear rules. For all relevant places we have other means to get
the same information so just get rid of this.
(2) Simplify rules for superblock cleanup.
Roughly, everything that is allocated during fs_context
initialization and that's stored in fs_context->s_fs_info needs
to be cleaned up by the fs_context->free() implementation before
the superblock allocation function has been called successfully.
After sget_fc() returned fs_context->s_fs_info has been
transferred to sb->s_fs_info at which point sb->kill_sb() if
fully responsible for cleanup. Adhering to these rules means that
cleanup of sb->s_fs_info in fill_super() is to be avoided as it's
brittle and inconsistent.
Cleanup shouldn't be duplicated between sb->put_super() as
sb->put_super() is only called if sb->s_root has been set aka
when the filesystem has been successfully born (SB_BORN). That
complexity should be avoided.
This also means that block devices are to be closed in
sb->kill_sb() instead of sb->put_super(). More details in the
lower section.
(3) Make it possible to lookup or create a superblock before opening
block devices
There's a subtle dependency on (2) as some filesystems did rely
on fill_super() to be called in order to correctly clean up
sb->s_fs_info. All these filesystems have been fixed.
(4) Switch most filesystem to follow the same logic as the generic
mount code now does as outlined in (3).
(5) Use the superblock as the holder of the block device. We can now
easily go back from block device to owning superblock.
(6) Export and extend the generic fs_holder_ops and use them as
holder ops everywhere and remove the filesystem specific holder
ops.
(7) Call from the block layer up into the filesystem layer when the
block device is removed, allowing to shut down the filesystem
without risk of deadlocks.
(8) Get rid of get_super().
We can now easily go back from the block device to owning
superblock and can call up from the block layer into the
filesystem layer when the device is removed. So no need to wade
through all registered superblock to find the owning superblock
anymore"
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230824-prall-intakt-95dbffdee4a0@brauner/
* tag 'v6.6-vfs.super' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (47 commits)
super: use higher-level helper for {freeze,thaw}
super: wait until we passed kill super
super: wait for nascent superblocks
super: make locking naming consistent
super: use locking helpers
fs: simplify invalidate_inodes
fs: remove get_super
block: call into the file system for ioctl BLKFLSBUF
block: call into the file system for bdev_mark_dead
block: consolidate __invalidate_device and fsync_bdev
block: drop the "busy inodes on changed media" log message
dasd: also call __invalidate_device when setting the device offline
amiflop: don't call fsync_bdev in FDFMTBEG
floppy: call disk_force_media_change when changing the format
block: simplify the disk_force_media_change interface
nbd: call blk_mark_disk_dead in nbd_clear_sock_ioctl
xfs use fs_holder_ops for the log and RT devices
xfs: drop s_umount over opening the log and RT devices
ext4: use fs_holder_ops for the log device
ext4: drop s_umount over opening the log device
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs
Pull vfs timestamp updates from Christian Brauner:
"This adds VFS support for multi-grain timestamps and converts tmpfs,
xfs, ext4, and btrfs to use them. This carries acks from all relevant
filesystems.
The VFS always uses coarse-grained timestamps when updating the ctime
and mtime after a change. This has the benefit of allowing filesystems
to optimize away a lot of metadata updates, down to around 1 per
jiffy, even when a file is under heavy writes.
Unfortunately, this has always been an issue when we're exporting via
NFSv3, which relies on timestamps to validate caches. A lot of changes
can happen in a jiffy, so timestamps aren't sufficient to help the
client decide to invalidate the cache.
Even with NFSv4, a lot of exported filesystems don't properly support
a change attribute and are subject to the same problems with timestamp
granularity. Other applications have similar issues with timestamps
(e.g., backup applications).
If we were to always use fine-grained timestamps, that would improve
the situation, but that becomes rather expensive, as the underlying
filesystem would have to log a lot more metadata updates.
This introduces fine-grained timestamps that are used when they are
actively queried.
This uses the 31st bit of the ctime tv_nsec field to indicate that
something has queried the inode for the mtime or ctime. When this flag
is set, on the next mtime or ctime update, the kernel will fetch a
fine-grained timestamp instead of the usual coarse-grained one.
As POSIX generally mandates that when the mtime changes, the ctime
must also change the kernel always stores normalized ctime values, so
only the first 30 bits of the tv_nsec field are ever used.
Filesytems can opt into this behavior by setting the FS_MGTIME flag in
the fstype. Filesystems that don't set this flag will continue to use
coarse-grained timestamps.
Various preparatory changes, fixes and cleanups are included:
- Fixup all relevant places where POSIX requires updating ctime
together with mtime. This is a wide-range of places and all
maintainers provided necessary Acks.
- Add new accessors for inode->i_ctime directly and change all
callers to rely on them. Plain accesses to inode->i_ctime are now
gone and it is accordingly rename to inode->__i_ctime and commented
as requiring accessors.
- Extend generic_fillattr() to pass in a request mask mirroring in a
sense the statx() uapi. This allows callers to pass in a request
mask to only get a subset of attributes filled in.
- Rework timestamp updates so it's possible to drop the @now
parameter the update_time() inode operation and associated helpers.
- Add inode_update_timestamps() and convert all filesystems to it
removing a bunch of open-coding"
* tag 'v6.6-vfs.ctime' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (107 commits)
btrfs: convert to multigrain timestamps
ext4: switch to multigrain timestamps
xfs: switch to multigrain timestamps
tmpfs: add support for multigrain timestamps
fs: add infrastructure for multigrain timestamps
fs: drop the timespec64 argument from update_time
xfs: have xfs_vn_update_time gets its own timestamp
fat: make fat_update_time get its own timestamp
fat: remove i_version handling from fat_update_time
ubifs: have ubifs_update_time use inode_update_timestamps
btrfs: have it use inode_update_timestamps
fs: drop the timespec64 arg from generic_update_time
fs: pass the request_mask to generic_fillattr
fs: remove silly warning from current_time
gfs2: fix timestamp handling on quota inodes
fs: rename i_ctime field to __i_ctime
selinux: convert to ctime accessor functions
security: convert to ctime accessor functions
apparmor: convert to ctime accessor functions
sunrpc: convert to ctime accessor functions
...
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Now that all of the update_time operations are prepared for it, we can
drop the timespec64 argument from the update_time operation. Do that and
remove it from some associated functions like inode_update_time and
inode_needs_update_time.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Message-Id: <20230807-mgctime-v7-8-d1dec143a704@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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In future patches we're going to change how the ctime is updated
to keep track of when it has been queried. The way that the update_time
operation works (and a lot of its callers) make this difficult, since
they grab a timestamp early and then pass it down to eventually be
copied into the inode.
All of the existing update_time callers pass in the result of
current_time() in some fashion. Drop the "time" parameter from
generic_update_time, and rework it to fetch its own timestamp.
This change means that an update_time could fetch a different timestamp
than was seen in inode_needs_update_time. update_time is only ever
called with one of two flag combinations: Either S_ATIME is set, or
S_MTIME|S_CTIME|S_VERSION are set.
With this change we now treat the flags argument as an indicator that
some value needed to be updated when last checked, rather than an
indication to update specific timestamps.
Rework the logic for updating the timestamps and put it in a new
inode_update_timestamps helper that other update_time routines can use.
S_ATIME is as treated as we always have, but if any of the other three
are set, then we attempt to update all three.
Also, some callers of generic_update_time need to know what timestamps
were actually updated. Change it to return an S_* flag mask to indicate
that and rework the callers to expect it.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Message-Id: <20230807-mgctime-v7-3-d1dec143a704@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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generic_fillattr just fills in the entire stat struct indiscriminately
today, copying data from the inode. There is at least one attribute
(STATX_CHANGE_COOKIE) that can have side effects when it is reported,
and we're looking at adding more with the addition of multigrain
timestamps.
Add a request_mask argument to generic_fillattr and have most callers
just pass in the value that is passed to getattr. Have other callers
(e.g. ksmbd) just pass in STATX_BASIC_STATS. Also move the setting of
STATX_CHANGE_COOKIE into generic_fillattr.
Acked-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Xiubo Li <xiubli@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: "Paulo Alcantara (SUSE)" <pc@manguebit.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Message-Id: <20230807-mgctime-v7-2-d1dec143a704@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Starting with patch 2cb1e08985, gfs2 started using the new function
filemap_splice_read rather than the old (and subsequently deleted)
function generic_file_splice_read.
filemap_splice_read works by taking references to a number of folios in
the page cache and splicing those folios into a pipe. The folios are
then read from the pipe and the folio references are dropped. This can
take an arbitrary amount of time. We cannot allow that in gfs2 because
those folio references will pin the inode glock to the node and prevent
it from being demoted, which can lead to cluster-wide deadlocks.
Instead, use copy_splice_read.
(In addition, the old generic_file_splice_read called into ->read_iter,
which called gfs2_file_read_iter, which took the inode glock during the
operation. The new filemap_splice_read interface does not take the
inode glock anymore. This is fixable, but it still wouldn't prevent
cluster-wide deadlocks.)
Fixes: 2cb1e08985e3 ("splice: Use filemap_splice_read() instead of generic_file_splice_read()")
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Function gfs2_trans_add_meta() checks for the SDF_FROZEN flag to make
sure that no buffers are added to a transaction while the filesystem is
frozen. With the recent freeze/thaw rework, the SDF_FROZEN flag is
cleared after thaw_super() is called, which is sufficient for
serializing freeze/thaw.
However, other filesystem operations started after thaw_super() may now
be calling gfs2_trans_add_meta() before the SDF_FROZEN flag is cleared,
which will trigger the SDF_FROZEN check in gfs2_trans_add_meta(). Fix
that by checking the s_writers.frozen state instead.
In addition, make sure not to call gfs2_assert_withdraw() with the
sd_log_lock spin lock held. Check for a withdrawn filesystem before
checking for a frozen filesystem, and don't pin/add buffers to the
current transaction in case of a failure in either case.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
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When filesystem blocksize is less than folio size (either with
mapping_large_folio_support() or with blocksize < pagesize) and when the
folio is uptodate in pagecache, then even a byte write can cause
an entire folio to be written to disk during writeback. This happens
because we currently don't have a mechanism to track per-block dirty
state within struct iomap_folio_state. We currently only track uptodate
state.
This patch implements support for tracking per-block dirty state in
iomap_folio_state->state bitmap. This should help improve the filesystem
write performance and help reduce write amplification.
Performance testing of below fio workload reveals ~16x performance
improvement using nvme with XFS (4k blocksize) on Power (64K pagesize)
FIO reported write bw scores improved from around ~28 MBps to ~452 MBps.
1. <test_randwrite.fio>
[global]
ioengine=psync
rw=randwrite
overwrite=1
pre_read=1
direct=0
bs=4k
size=1G
dir=./
numjobs=8
fdatasync=1
runtime=60
iodepth=64
group_reporting=1
[fio-run]
2. Also our internal performance team reported that this patch improves
their database workload performance by around ~83% (with XFS on Power)
Reported-by: Aravinda Herle <araherle@in.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ritesh Harjani (IBM) <ritesh.list@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
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Use the size of the write as a hint for the size of the folio to create.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
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While these aren't generally visible from userland, it's best to be
consistent with timestamp handling. When adjusting the quota, update the
mtime and ctime like we would with a write operation on any other inode,
and avoid updating the atime which should only be done for reads.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20230713135249.153796-1-jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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In later patches, we're going to change how the inode's ctime field is
used. Switch to using accessor functions instead of raw accesses of
inode->i_ctime.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Message-Id: <20230705190309.579783-45-jlayton@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Userspace can freeze a filesystem using the FIFREEZE ioctl or by
suspending the block device; this state persists until userspace thaws
the filesystem with the FITHAW ioctl or resuming the block device.
Since commit 18e9e5104fcd ("Introduce freeze_super and thaw_super for
the fsfreeze ioctl") we only allow the first freeze command to succeed.
The kernel may decide that it is necessary to freeze a filesystem for
its own internal purposes, such as suspends in progress, filesystem fsck
activities, or quiescing a device prior to removal. Userspace thaw
commands must never break a kernel freeze, and kernel thaw commands
shouldn't undo userspace's freeze command.
Introduce a couple of freeze holder flags and wire it into the
sb_writers state. One kernel and one userspace freeze are allowed to
coexist at the same time; the filesystem will not thaw until both are
lifted.
I wonder if the f2fs/gfs2 code should be using a kernel freeze here, but
for now we'll use FREEZE_HOLDER_USERSPACE to preserve existing
behaviors.
Cc: mcgrof@kernel.org
Cc: jack@suse.cz
Cc: hch@infradead.org
Cc: ruansy.fnst@fujitsu.com
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gfs2/linux-gfs2
Pull gfs2 updates from Andreas Gruenbacher:
- Move the freeze/thaw logic from glock callback context to process /
worker thread context to prevent deadlocks
- Fix a quota reference couting bug in do_qc()
- Carry on deallocating inodes even when gfs2_rindex_update() fails
- Retry filesystem-internal reads when they are interruped by a signal
- Eliminate kmap_atomic() in favor of kmap_local_page() /
memcpy_{from,to}_page()
- Get rid of noop_direct_IO
- And a few more minor fixes and cleanups
* tag 'gfs2-v6.4-rc5-fixes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gfs2/linux-gfs2: (23 commits)
gfs2: Add quota_change type
gfs2: Use memcpy_{from,to}_page where appropriate
gfs2: Convert remaining kmap_atomic calls to kmap_local_page
gfs2: Replace deprecated kmap_atomic with kmap_local_page
gfs: Get rid of unnucessary locking in inode_go_dump
gfs2: gfs2_freeze_lock_shared cleanup
gfs2: Replace sd_freeze_state with SDF_FROZEN flag
gfs2: Rework freeze / thaw logic
gfs2: Rename SDF_{FS_FROZEN => FREEZE_INITIATOR}
gfs2: Reconfiguring frozen filesystem already rejected
gfs2: Rename gfs2_freeze_lock{ => _shared }
gfs2: Rename the {freeze,thaw}_super callbacks
gfs2: Rename remaining "transaction" glock references
gfs2: retry interrupted internal reads
gfs2: Fix possible data races in gfs2_show_options()
gfs2: Fix duplicate should_fault_in_pages() call
gfs2: set FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT instead of a dummy direct_IO method
gfs2: Don't remember delete unless it's successful
gfs2: Update rl_unlinked before releasing rgrp lock
gfs2: Fix gfs2_qa_get imbalance in gfs2_quota_hold
...
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Function do_qc has two main uses: (1) to re-sync the local quota changes
(qd) to the master quotas, and (2) normal quota changes. In the case of
normal quota changes, the change can be positive or negative, as the
quota usage goes up and down.
Before this patch function do_qc was distinguishing one from another by
whether the resulting value is or isn't zero: In the case of a re-sync
(called do_sync) the quota value is moved from the temporary value to a
master value, so the amount is added to one and subtracted from the
other. The problem is that since the values can be positive or negative
we can occasionally run into situations where we are not doing a re-sync
but the quota change just happens to cancel out the previous value.
In the case of a re-sync extra references and locks are taken, and so
do_qc needs to release them. In the case of a normal quota change, no
extra references and locks are taken, so it must not try to release
them.
The problem is: if the quota change is not a re-sync but the value just
happens to cancel out the original quota change, the resulting zero
value fools do_qc into thinking this is a re-sync and therefore it must
release the extra references. This results in problems, mainly having to
do with slot reference numbers going smaller than zero.
This patch introduces new constants, QC_SYNC and QC_CHANGE so do_qc can
really tell the difference. For QC_SYNC calls it must release the extra
references acquired by gfs2_quota_unlock's call to qd_check_sync. For
QC_CHANGE calls it does not have extra references to put.
Note that this allows quota changes back to a value of zero, and so I
removed an assert warning related to that.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Replace kmap_local_page() + memcpy() + kunmap_local() sequences with
memcpy_{from,to}_page() where we are not doing anything else with the
mapped page.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Replace the remaining instances of kmap_atomic() ... kunmap_atomic()
with kmap_local_page() ... kunmap_local().
In gfs2_write_buf_to_page(), we can call flush_dcache_page() after
unmapping the page.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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kmap_atomic() is deprecated in favor of kmap_local_{folio,page}().
Therefore, replace kmap_atomic() with kmap_local_page() in
gfs2_internal_read() and stuffed_readpage().
kmap_atomic() disables page-faults and preemption (the latter only for
!PREEMPT_RT kernels), However, the code within the mapping/un-mapping in
gfs2_internal_read() and stuffed_readpage() does not depend on the
above-mentioned side effects.
Therefore, a mere replacement of the old API with the new one is all that
is required (i.e., there is no need to explicitly add any calls to
pagefault_disable() and/or preempt_disable()).
Signed-off-by: Deepak R Varma <drv@mailo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Commit 27a2660f1ef9 ("gfs2: Dump nrpages for inodes and their glocks")
added some locking around reading inode->i_data.nrpages. That locking
doesn't do anything really, so get rid of it.
With that, the glock argument to ->go_dump() can be made const again as
well.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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All the remaining users of gfs2_freeze_lock_shared() set freeze_gh to
&sdp->sd_freeze_gh and flags to 0, so remove those two parameters.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Replace sd_freeze_state with a new SDF_FROZEN flag.
There no longer is a need for indicating that a freeze is in progress
(SDF_STARTING_FREEZE); we are now protecting the critical sections with
the sd_freeze_mutex.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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So far, at mount time, gfs2 would take the freeze glock in shared mode
and then immediately drop it again, turning it into a cached glock that
can be reclaimed at any time. To freeze the filesystem cluster-wide,
the node initiating the freeze would take the freeze glock in exclusive
mode, which would cause the freeze glock's freeze_go_sync() callback to
run on each node. There, gfs2 would freeze the filesystem and schedule
gfs2_freeze_func() to run. gfs2_freeze_func() would re-acquire the
freeze glock in shared mode, thaw the filesystem, and drop the freeze
glock again. The initiating node would keep the freeze glock held in
exclusive mode. To thaw the filesystem, the initiating node would drop
the freeze glock again, which would allow gfs2_freeze_func() to resume
on all nodes, leaving the filesystem in the thawed state.
It turns out that in freeze_go_sync(), we cannot reliably and safely
freeze the filesystem. This is primarily because the final unmount of a
filesystem takes a write lock on the s_umount rw semaphore before
calling into gfs2_put_super(), and freeze_go_sync() needs to call
freeze_super() which also takes a write lock on the same semaphore,
causing a deadlock. We could work around this by trying to take an
active reference on the super block first, which would prevent unmount
from running at the same time. But that can fail, and freeze_go_sync()
isn't actually allowed to fail.
To get around this, this patch changes the freeze glock locking scheme
as follows:
At mount time, each node takes the freeze glock in shared mode. To
freeze a filesystem, the initiating node first freezes the filesystem
locally and then drops and re-acquires the freeze glock in exclusive
mode. All other nodes notice that there is contention on the freeze
glock in their go_callback callbacks, and they schedule
gfs2_freeze_func() to run. There, they freeze the filesystem locally
and drop and re-acquire the freeze glock before re-thawing the
filesystem. This is happening outside of the glock state engine, so
there, we are allowed to fail.
From a cluster point of view, taking and immediately dropping a glock is
indistinguishable from taking the glock and only dropping it upon
contention, so this new scheme is compatible with the old one.
Thanks to Li Dong <lidong@vivo.com> for reporting a locking bug in
gfs2_freeze_func() in a previous version of this commit.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
|
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull mm updates from Andrew Morton:
- Yosry Ahmed brought back some cgroup v1 stats in OOM logs
- Yosry has also eliminated cgroup's atomic rstat flushing
- Nhat Pham adds the new cachestat() syscall. It provides userspace
with the ability to query pagecache status - a similar concept to
mincore() but more powerful and with improved usability
- Mel Gorman provides more optimizations for compaction, reducing the
prevalence of page rescanning
- Lorenzo Stoakes has done some maintanance work on the
get_user_pages() interface
- Liam Howlett continues with cleanups and maintenance work to the
maple tree code. Peng Zhang also does some work on maple tree
- Johannes Weiner has done some cleanup work on the compaction code
- David Hildenbrand has contributed additional selftests for
get_user_pages()
- Thomas Gleixner has contributed some maintenance and optimization
work for the vmalloc code
- Baolin Wang has provided some compaction cleanups,
- SeongJae Park continues maintenance work on the DAMON code
- Huang Ying has done some maintenance on the swap code's usage of
device refcounting
- Christoph Hellwig has some cleanups for the filemap/directio code
- Ryan Roberts provides two patch series which yield some
rationalization of the kernel's access to pte entries - use the
provided APIs rather than open-coding accesses
- Lorenzo Stoakes has some fixes to the interaction between pagecache
and directio access to file mappings
- John Hubbard has a series of fixes to the MM selftesting code
- ZhangPeng continues the folio conversion campaign
- Hugh Dickins has been working on the pagetable handling code, mainly
with a view to reducing the load on the mmap_lock
- Catalin Marinas has reduced the arm64 kmalloc() minimum alignment
from 128 to 8
- Domenico Cerasuolo has improved the zswap reclaim mechanism by
reorganizing the LRU management
- Matthew Wilcox provides some fixups to make gfs2 work better with the
buffer_head code
- Vishal Moola also has done some folio conversion work
- Matthew Wilcox has removed the remnants of the pagevec code - their
functionality is migrated over to struct folio_batch
* tag 'mm-stable-2023-06-24-19-15' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (380 commits)
mm/hugetlb: remove hugetlb_set_page_subpool()
mm: nommu: correct the range of mmap_sem_read_lock in task_mem()
hugetlb: revert use of page_cache_next_miss()
Revert "page cache: fix page_cache_next/prev_miss off by one"
mm/vmscan: fix root proactive reclaim unthrottling unbalanced node
mm: memcg: rename and document global_reclaim()
mm: kill [add|del]_page_to_lru_list()
mm: compaction: convert to use a folio in isolate_migratepages_block()
mm: zswap: fix double invalidate with exclusive loads
mm: remove unnecessary pagevec includes
mm: remove references to pagevec
mm: rename invalidate_mapping_pagevec to mapping_try_invalidate
mm: remove struct pagevec
net: convert sunrpc from pagevec to folio_batch
i915: convert i915_gpu_error to use a folio_batch
pagevec: rename fbatch_count()
mm: remove check_move_unevictable_pages()
drm: convert drm_gem_put_pages() to use a folio_batch
i915: convert shmem_sg_free_table() to use a folio_batch
scatterlist: add sg_set_folio()
...
|
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Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
- NVMe pull request via Keith:
- Various cleanups all around (Irvin, Chaitanya, Christophe)
- Better struct packing (Christophe JAILLET)
- Reduce controller error logs for optional commands (Keith)
- Support for >=64KiB block sizes (Daniel Gomez)
- Fabrics fixes and code organization (Max, Chaitanya, Daniel
Wagner)
- bcache updates via Coly:
- Fix a race at init time (Mingzhe Zou)
- Misc fixes and cleanups (Andrea, Thomas, Zheng, Ye)
- use page pinning in the block layer for dio (David)
- convert old block dio code to page pinning (David, Christoph)
- cleanups for pktcdvd (Andy)
- cleanups for rnbd (Guoqing)
- use the unchecked __bio_add_page() for the initial single page
additions (Johannes)
- fix overflows in the Amiga partition handling code (Michael)
- improve mq-deadline zoned device support (Bart)
- keep passthrough requests out of the IO schedulers (Christoph, Ming)
- improve support for flush requests, making them less special to deal
with (Christoph)
- add bdev holder ops and shutdown methods (Christoph)
- fix the name_to_dev_t() situation and use cases (Christoph)
- decouple the block open flags from fmode_t (Christoph)
- ublk updates and cleanups, including adding user copy support (Ming)
- BFQ sanity checking (Bart)
- convert brd from radix to xarray (Pankaj)
- constify various structures (Thomas, Ivan)
- more fine grained persistent reservation ioctl capability checks
(Jingbo)
- misc fixes and cleanups (Arnd, Azeem, Demi, Ed, Hengqi, Hou, Jan,
Jordy, Li, Min, Yu, Zhong, Waiman)
* tag 'for-6.5/block-2023-06-23' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux: (266 commits)
scsi/sg: don't grab scsi host module reference
ext4: Fix warning in blkdev_put()
block: don't return -EINVAL for not found names in devt_from_devname
cdrom: Fix spectre-v1 gadget
block: Improve kernel-doc headers
blk-mq: don't insert passthrough request into sw queue
bsg: make bsg_class a static const structure
ublk: make ublk_chr_class a static const structure
aoe: make aoe_class a static const structure
block/rnbd: make all 'class' structures const
block: fix the exclusive open mask in disk_scan_partitions
block: add overflow checks for Amiga partition support
block: change all __u32 annotations to __be32 in affs_hardblocks.h
block: fix signed int overflow in Amiga partition support
block: add capacity validation in bdev_add_partition()
block: fine-granular CAP_SYS_ADMIN for Persistent Reservation
block: disallow Persistent Reservation on partitions
reiserfs: fix blkdev_put() warning from release_journal_dev()
block: fix wrong mode for blkdev_get_by_dev() from disk_scan_partitions()
block: document the holder argument to blkdev_get_by_path
...
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Pull splice updates from Jens Axboe:
"This kills off ITER_PIPE to avoid a race between truncate,
iov_iter_revert() on the pipe and an as-yet incomplete DMA to a bio
with unpinned/unref'ed pages from an O_DIRECT splice read. This causes
memory corruption.
Instead, we either use (a) filemap_splice_read(), which invokes the
buffered file reading code and splices from the pagecache into the
pipe; (b) copy_splice_read(), which bulk-allocates a buffer, reads
into it and then pushes the filled pages into the pipe; or (c) handle
it in filesystem-specific code.
Summary:
- Rename direct_splice_read() to copy_splice_read()
- Simplify the calculations for the number of pages to be reclaimed
in copy_splice_read()
- Turn do_splice_to() into a helper, vfs_splice_read(), so that it
can be used by overlayfs and coda to perform the checks on the
lower fs
- Make vfs_splice_read() jump to copy_splice_read() to handle
direct-I/O and DAX
- Provide shmem with its own splice_read to handle non-existent pages
in the pagecache. We don't want a ->read_folio() as we don't want
to populate holes, but filemap_get_pages() requires it
- Provide overlayfs with its own splice_read to call down to a lower
layer as overlayfs doesn't provide ->read_folio()
- Provide coda with its own splice_read to call down to a lower layer
as coda doesn't provide ->read_folio()
- Direct ->splice_read to copy_splice_read() in tty, procfs, kernfs
and random files as they just copy to the output buffer and don't
splice pages
- Provide wrappers for afs, ceph, ecryptfs, ext4, f2fs, nfs, ntfs3,
ocfs2, orangefs, xfs and zonefs to do locking and/or revalidation
- Make cifs use filemap_splice_read()
- Replace pointers to generic_file_splice_read() with pointers to
filemap_splice_read() as DIO and DAX are handled in the caller;
filesystems can still provide their own alternate ->splice_read()
op
- Remove generic_file_splice_read()
- Remove ITER_PIPE and its paraphernalia as generic_file_splice_read
was the only user"
* tag 'for-6.5/splice-2023-06-23' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux: (31 commits)
splice: kdoc for filemap_splice_read() and copy_splice_read()
iov_iter: Kill ITER_PIPE
splice: Remove generic_file_splice_read()
splice: Use filemap_splice_read() instead of generic_file_splice_read()
cifs: Use filemap_splice_read()
trace: Convert trace/seq to use copy_splice_read()
zonefs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
xfs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
orangefs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
ocfs2: Provide a splice-read wrapper
ntfs3: Provide a splice-read wrapper
nfs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
f2fs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
ext4: Provide a splice-read wrapper
ecryptfs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
ceph: Provide a splice-read wrapper
afs: Provide a splice-read wrapper
9p: Add splice_read wrapper
net: Make sock_splice_read() use copy_splice_read() by default
tty, proc, kernfs, random: Use copy_splice_read()
...
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We may someday support folios larger than 4GB, so use a size_t for the
byte count within a folio to prevent unpleasant truncations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-6-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove nine hidden calls to compound_head() by using a folio instead of a
page.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-5-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Add support for large folios and remove some accesses to page->mapping and
page->index.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-4-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove a couple of folio->page conversions in the callers, and two calls
to compound_head() in the function itself. Rename it from
__gfs2_jdata_writepage() to __gfs2_jdata_write_folio().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "gfs2/buffer folio changes for 6.5", v3.
This kind of started off as a gfs2 patch series, then became entwined with
buffer heads once I realised that gfs2 was the only remaining caller of
__block_write_full_page(). For those not in the gfs2 world, the big point
of this series is that block_write_full_page() should now handle large
folios correctly.
This patch (of 14):
Replace a few implicit calls to compound_head() with one explicit one.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-1-willy@infradead.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230612210141.730128-2-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
Cc: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Rename the SDF_FS_FROZEN flag to SDF_FREEZE_INITIATOR to indicate more
clearly that the node that has this flag set is the initiator of the
freeze.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com
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Reconfiguring a frozen filesystem is already rejected in
reconfigure_super(), so there is no need to check for that condition
again at the filesystem level.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Rename gfs2_freeze_lock to gfs2_freeze_lock_shared to make it a bit more
obvious that this function establishes the "thawed" state of the freeze
glock.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Rename gfs2_freeze to gfs2_freeze_super and gfs2_unfreeze to
gfs2_thaw_super to match the names of the corresponding super
operations.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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The transaction glock was repurposed to serve as the new freeze glock
years ago. Don't refer to it as the transaction glock anymore.
Also, to be more precise, call it the "freeze glock" instead of the
"freeze lock". Ditto for the journal glock.
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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The iomap-based read operations done by gfs2 for its system files, such
as rindex, may sometimes be interrupted and return -EINTR. This
confuses some users of gfs2_internal_read(). Fix that by retrying
interrupted reads.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Some fields such as gt_logd_secs of the struct gfs2_tune are accessed
without holding the lock gt_spin in gfs2_show_options():
val = sdp->sd_tune.gt_logd_secs;
if (val != 30)
seq_printf(s, ",commit=%d", val);
And thus can cause data races when gfs2_show_options() and other functions
such as gfs2_reconfigure() are concurrently executed:
spin_lock(>->gt_spin);
gt->gt_logd_secs = newargs->ar_commit;
To fix these possible data races, the lock sdp->sd_tune.gt_spin is
acquired before accessing the fields of gfs2_tune and released after these
accesses.
Further changes by Andreas:
- Don't hold the spin lock over the seq_printf operations.
Reported-by: BassCheck <bass@buaa.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Tuo Li <islituo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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In gfs2_file_buffered_write(), we currently jump from the second call of
function should_fault_in_pages() to above the first call, so
should_fault_in_pages() is getting called twice in a row, causing it to
accidentally fall back to single-page writes rather than trying the more
efficient multi-page writes first.
Fix that by moving the retry label to the correct place, behind the
first call to should_fault_in_pages().
Fixes: e1fa9ea85ce8 ("gfs2: Stop using glock holder auto-demotion for now")
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Since commit a2ad63daa88b ("VFS: add FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT file flag"), file
systems can just set the FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT flag at open time instead of
wiring up a dummy direct_IO method to indicate support for direct I/O.
Remove .direct_IO from gfs2_aops and set FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT in
gfs2_open_common for regular files that do not use data journalling.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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All callers of iomap_file_buffered_write need to updated ki_pos, move it
into common code.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230601145904.1385409-8-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <anna@kernel.org>
Cc: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Cc: Xiubo Li <xiubli@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "cleanup the filemap / direct I/O interaction", v4.
This series cleans up some of the generic write helper calling conventions
and the page cache writeback / invalidation for direct I/O. This is a
spinoff from the no-bufferhead kernel project, for which we'll want to an
use iomap based buffered write path in the block layer.
This patch (of 12):
The last user of current->backing_dev_info disappeared in commit
b9b1335e6403 ("remove bdi_congested() and wb_congested() and related
functions"). Remove the field and all assignments to it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230601145904.1385409-1-hch@lst.de
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230601145904.1385409-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Cc: Anna Schumaker <anna@kernel.org>
Cc: Chao Yu <chao@kernel.org>
Cc: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@hammerspace.com>
Cc: Xiubo Li <xiubli@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch changes function evict_unlinked_inode so it does not call
gfs2_inode_remember_delete until it gets a good return code from
gfs2_dinode_dealloc.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Function gfs2_free_di was changing the rgrp lvb count of unlinked
dinodes after the lock was released. This patch moves it inside the
lock.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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This patch fixes a case in which function gfs2_quota_hold encounters an
assert error and exits. The lack of gfs2_qa_put causes further problems
when the inode is evicted and the get/put count is non-zero.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Before this patch, function gfs2_dinode_dealloc would abort if it got a
bad return code from gfs2_rindex_update(). The problem is that it left the
dinode in the unlinked (not free) state, which meant subsequent fsck
would clean it up and flag an error. That meant some of our QE tests
would fail.
The sole purpose of gfs2_rindex_update(), in this code path, is to read in
any newer rgrps added by gfs2_grow. But since this is a delete operation
it won't actually use any of those new rgrps. It can really only twiddle
the bits from "Unlinked" to "Free" in an existing rgrp. Therefore the
error should not prevent the transition from unlinked to free.
This patch makes gfs2_dinode_dealloc ignore the bad return code and
proceed with freeing the dinode so the QE tests will not be tripped up.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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This patch introduces a new out_free label and consolidates the three
places function gdlm_put_lock freed the glock. No change in
functionality.
Signed-off-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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When a direct I/O write is performed, iomap_dio_rw() invalidates the
part of the page cache which the write is going to before carrying out
the write. In the odd case, the direct I/O write will be reading from
the same page it is writing to. gfs2 carries out writes with page
faults disabled, so it should have been obvious that this page
invalidation can cause iomap_dio_rw() to never make any progress.
Currently, gfs2 will end up in an endless retry loop in
gfs2_file_direct_write() instead, though.
Break this endless loop by limiting the number of retries and falling
back to buffered I/O after that.
Also simplify should_fault_in_pages() sightly and add a comment to make
the above case easier to understand.
Reported-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
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The GFS2 superblock reading code uses bio_add_page() to add a page to a
newly created bio. bio_add_page() can fail, but the return value is never
checked.
Use __bio_add_page() as adding a single page to a newly created bio is
guaranteed to succeed.
This brings us a step closer to marking bio_add_page() as __must_check.
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@opensource.wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/087c67d4e4973f949d3519c1e4822784ce583c5a.1685532726.git.johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Replace pointers to generic_file_splice_read() with calls to
filemap_splice_read().
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
cc: linux-block@vger.kernel.org
cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230522135018.2742245-29-dhowells@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
