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2010-10-22Merge branch 'config' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bklLinus Torvalds1-1/+1
* 'config' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl: BKL: introduce CONFIG_BKL. dabusb: remove the BKL sunrpc: remove the big kernel lock init/main.c: remove BKL notations blktrace: remove the big kernel lock rtmutex-tester: make it build without BKL dvb-core: kill the big kernel lock dvb/bt8xx: kill the big kernel lock tlclk: remove big kernel lock fix rawctl compat ioctls breakage on amd64 and itanic uml: kill big kernel lock parisc: remove big kernel lock cris: autoconvert trivial BKL users alpha: kill big kernel lock isapnp: BKL removal s390/block: kill the big kernel lock hpet: kill BKL, add compat_ioctl
2010-10-22Merge branch 'irq-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'irq-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (96 commits) apic, x86: Use BIOS settings for IBS and MCE threshold interrupt LVT offsets apic, x86: Check if EILVT APIC registers are available (AMD only) x86: ioapic: Call free_irte only if interrupt remapping enabled arm: Use ARCH_IRQ_INIT_FLAGS genirq, ARM: Fix boot on ARM platforms genirq: Fix CONFIG_GENIRQ_NO_DEPRECATED=y build x86: Switch sparse_irq allocations to GFP_KERNEL genirq: Switch sparse_irq allocator to GFP_KERNEL genirq: Make sparse_lock a mutex x86: lguest: Use new irq allocator genirq: Remove the now unused sparse irq leftovers genirq: Sanitize dynamic irq handling genirq: Remove arch_init_chip_data() x86: xen: Sanitise sparse_irq handling x86: Use sane enumeration x86: uv: Clean up the direct access to irq_desc x86: Make io_apic.c local functions static genirq: Remove irq_2_iommu x86: Speed up the irq_remapped check in hot pathes intr_remap: Simplify the code further ... Fix up trivial conflicts in arch/x86/Kconfig
2010-10-21Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+8
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (163 commits) tracing: Fix compile issue for trace_sched_wakeup.c [S390] hardirq: remove pointless header file includes [IA64] Move local_softirq_pending() definition perf, powerpc: Fix power_pmu_event_init to not use event->ctx ftrace: Remove recursion between recordmcount and scripts/mod/empty jump_label: Add COND_STMT(), reducer wrappery perf: Optimize sw events perf: Use jump_labels to optimize the scheduler hooks jump_label: Add atomic_t interface jump_label: Use more consistent naming perf, hw_breakpoint: Fix crash in hw_breakpoint creation perf: Find task before event alloc perf: Fix task refcount bugs perf: Fix group moving irq_work: Add generic hardirq context callbacks perf_events: Fix transaction recovery in group_sched_in() perf_events: Fix bogus AMD64 generic TLB events perf_events: Fix bogus context time tracking tracing: Remove parent recording in latency tracer graph options tracing: Use one prologue for the preempt irqs off tracer function tracers ...
2010-10-21BKL: introduce CONFIG_BKL.Arnd Bergmann1-1/+1
With all the patches we have queued in the BKL removal tree, only a few dozen modules are left that actually rely on the BKL, and even there are lots of low-hanging fruit. We need to decide what to do about them, this patch illustrates one of the options: Every user of the BKL is marked as 'depends on BKL' in Kconfig, and the CONFIG_BKL becomes a user-visible option. If it gets disabled, no BKL using module can be built any more and the BKL code itself is compiled out. The one exception is file locking, which is practically always enabled and does a 'select BKL' instead. This effectively forces CONFIG_BKL to be enabled until we have solved the fs/lockd mess and can apply the patch that removes the BKL from fs/locks.c. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
2010-10-18irq_work: Add generic hardirq context callbacksPeter Zijlstra1-0/+8
Provide a mechanism that allows running code in IRQ context. It is most useful for NMI code that needs to interact with the rest of the system -- like wakeup a task to drain buffers. Perf currently has such a mechanism, so extract that and provide it as a generic feature, independent of perf so that others may also benefit. The IRQ context callback is generated through self-IPIs where possible, or on architectures like powerpc the decrementer (the built-in timer facility) is set to generate an interrupt immediately. Architectures that don't have anything like this get to do with a callback from the timer tick. These architectures can call irq_work_run() at the tail of any IRQ handlers that might enqueue such work (like the perf IRQ handler) to avoid undue latencies in processing the work. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> [ various fixes ] Signed-off-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@intel.com> LKML-Reference: <1287036094.7768.291.camel@yhuang-dev> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-10-04genirq: Provide KconfigThomas Gleixner1-0/+2
The generic irq Kconfig options are copied around all archs. Provide a generic Kconfig file which can be included. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> LKML-Reference: <20100927121843.217333624@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-08-20rcu: Add a TINY_PREEMPT_RCUPaul E. McKenney1-1/+15
Implement a small-memory-footprint uniprocessor-only implementation of preemptible RCU. This implementation uses but a single blocked-tasks list rather than the combinatorial number used per leaf rcu_node by TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, which reduces memory consumption and greatly simplifies processing. This version also takes advantage of uniprocessor execution to accelerate grace periods in the case where there are no readers. The general design is otherwise broadly similar to that of TREE_PREEMPT_RCU. This implementation is a step towards having RCU implementation driven off of the SMP and PREEMPT kernel configuration variables, which can happen once this implementation has accumulated sufficient experience. Removed ACCESS_ONCE() from __rcu_read_unlock() and added barrier() as suggested by Steve Rostedt in order to avoid the compiler-reordering issue noted by Mathieu Desnoyers (http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/8/16/183). As can be seen below, CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU represents almost 5Kbyte savings compared to CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU. Of course, for non-real-time workloads, CONFIG_TINY_RCU is even better. CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU text data bss dec filename 13 0 0 13 kernel/rcupdate.o 6170 825 28 7023 kernel/rcutree.o ---- 7026 Total CONFIG_TINY_PREEMPT_RCU text data bss dec filename 13 0 0 13 kernel/rcupdate.o 2081 81 8 2170 kernel/rcutiny.o ---- 2183 Total CONFIG_TINY_RCU (non-preemptible) text data bss dec filename 13 0 0 13 kernel/rcupdate.o 719 25 0 744 kernel/rcutiny.o --- 757 Total Requested-by: Loïc Minier <loic.minier@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20rcu: Fix RCU_FANOUT help messagePaul E. McKenney1-3/+6
Commit cf244dc01bf68 added a fourth level to the TREE_RCU hierarchy, but the RCU_FANOUT help message still said "cube root". This commit fixes this to "fourth root" and also emphasizes that production systems are well-served by the default. (Stress-testing RCU itself uses small RCU_FANOUT values in order to test large-system code paths on small(er) systems.) Located-by: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-20rcu: restrict TREE_RCU to SMP builds with !PREEMPTPaul E. McKenney1-0/+1
Because both TINY_RCU and TREE_PREEMPT_RCU have been in mainline for several releases, it is time to restrict the use of TREE_RCU to SMP non-preemptible systems. This reduces testing/validation effort. This commit is a first step towards driving the selection of RCU implementation directly off of the SMP and PREEMPT configuration parameters. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2010-08-11memcg: remove experimental from swap account configKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki1-2/+2
It's 11 months since we changed swap_map[] to indicates SWAP_HAS_CACHE. Since that, memcg's swap accounting has been very stable and it seems it can be maintained. So, I'd like to remove EXPERIMENTAL from the config. Acked-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-08-10Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/notifyLinus Torvalds1-3/+7
* 'for-linus' of git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/notify: (132 commits) fanotify: use both marks when possible fsnotify: pass both the vfsmount mark and inode mark fsnotify: walk the inode and vfsmount lists simultaneously fsnotify: rework ignored mark flushing fsnotify: remove global fsnotify groups lists fsnotify: remove group->mask fsnotify: remove the global masks fsnotify: cleanup should_send_event fanotify: use the mark in handler functions audit: use the mark in handler functions dnotify: use the mark in handler functions inotify: use the mark in handler functions fsnotify: send fsnotify_mark to groups in event handling functions fsnotify: Exchange list heads instead of moving elements fsnotify: srcu to protect read side of inode and vfsmount locks fsnotify: use an explicit flag to indicate fsnotify_destroy_mark has been called fsnotify: use _rcu functions for mark list traversal fsnotify: place marks on object in order of group memory address vfs/fsnotify: fsnotify_close can delay the final work in fput fsnotify: store struct file not struct path ... Fix up trivial delete/modify conflict in fs/notify/inotify/inotify.c.
2010-07-28Audit: split audit watch KconfigEric Paris1-1/+5
Audit watch should depend on CONFIG_AUDIT_SYSCALL and should select FSNOTIFY. This splits the spagetti like mixing of audit_watch and audit_filter code so they can be configured seperately. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28Audit: audit watches depend on fsnotifyEric Paris1-2/+2
CONFIG_AUDIT builds audit_watches which depend on fsnotify. Make CONFIG_AUDIT select fsnotify. Reported-by: Alexander Beregalov <a.beregalov@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-28audit: reimplement audit_trees using fsnotify rather than inotifyEric Paris1-1/+1
Simply switch audit_trees from using inotify to using fsnotify for it's inode pinning and disappearing act information. Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
2010-07-23slow-work: kill itTejun Heo1-24/+0
slow-work doesn't have any user left. Kill it. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
2010-06-01Merge branch 'for-35' of git://repo.or.cz/linux-kbuildLinus Torvalds1-0/+8
* 'for-35' of git://repo.or.cz/linux-kbuild: (81 commits) kbuild: Revert part of e8d400a to resolve a conflict kbuild: Fix checking of scm-identifier variable gconfig: add support to show hidden options that have prompts menuconfig: add support to show hidden options which have prompts gconfig: remove show_debug option gconfig: remove dbg_print_ptype() and dbg_print_stype() kconfig: fix zconfdump() kconfig: some small fixes add random binaries to .gitignore kbuild: Include gen_initramfs_list.sh and the file list in the .d file kconfig: recalc symbol value before showing search results .gitignore: ignore *.lzo files headerdep: perlcritic warning scripts/Makefile.lib: Align the output of LZO kbuild: Generate modules.builtin in make modules_install Revert "kbuild: specify absolute paths for cscope" kbuild: Do not unnecessarily regenerate modules.builtin headers_install: use local file handles headers_check: fix perl warnings export_report: fix perl warnings ...
2010-05-21Merge branch 'master' into for-2.6.35Jens Axboe1-2/+1
Conflicts: fs/ext3/fsync.c Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2010-04-26blk-cgroup: config options re-arrangementVivek Goyal1-0/+27
This patch fixes few usability and configurability issues. o All the cgroup based controller options are configurable from "Genral Setup/Control Group Support/" menu. blkio is the only exception. Hence make this option visible in above menu and make it configurable from there to bring it inline with rest of the cgroup based controllers. o Get rid of CONFIG_DEBUG_CFQ_IOSCHED. This option currently does two things. - Enable printing of cgroup paths in blktrace - Enables CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP, which in turn displays additional stat files in cgroup. If we are using group scheduling, blktrace data is of not really much use if cgroup information is not present. To get this data, currently one has to also enable CONFIG_DEBUG_CFQ_IOSCHED, which in turn brings the overhead of all the additional debug stat files which is not desired. Hence, this patch moves printing of cgroup paths under CONFIG_CFQ_GROUP_IOSCHED. This allows us to get rid of CONFIG_DEBUG_CFQ_IOSCHED completely. Now all the debug stat files are controlled only by CONFIG_DEBUG_BLK_CGROUP which can be enabled through config menu. Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Acked-by: Divyesh Shah <dpshah@google.com> Reviewed-by: Gui Jianfeng <guijianfeng@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2010-04-02sched: Remove remaining USER_SCHED codeLi Zefan1-2/+1
This is left over from commit 7c9414385e ("sched: Remove USER_SCHED"") Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval.giani@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <4BA9A05F.7010407@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-03-13cgroup: implement eventfd-based generic API for notificationsKirill A. Shutemov1-0/+1
This patchset introduces eventfd-based API for notifications in cgroups and implements memory notifications on top of it. It uses statistics in memory controler to track memory usage. Output of time(1) on building kernel on tmpfs: Root cgroup before changes: make -j2 506.37 user 60.93s system 193% cpu 4:52.77 total Non-root cgroup before changes: make -j2 507.14 user 62.66s system 193% cpu 4:54.74 total Root cgroup after changes (0 thresholds): make -j2 507.13 user 62.20s system 193% cpu 4:53.55 total Non-root cgroup after changes (0 thresholds): make -j2 507.70 user 64.20s system 193% cpu 4:55.70 total Root cgroup after changes (1 thresholds, never crossed): make -j2 506.97 user 62.20s system 193% cpu 4:53.90 total Non-root cgroup after changes (1 thresholds, never crossed): make -j2 507.55 user 64.08s system 193% cpu 4:55.63 total This patch: Introduce the write-only file "cgroup.event_control" in every cgroup. To register new notification handler you need: - create an eventfd; - open a control file to be monitored. Callbacks register_event() and unregister_event() must be defined for the control file; - write "<event_fd> <control_fd> <args>" to cgroup.event_control. Interpretation of args is defined by control file implementation; eventfd will be woken up by control file implementation or when the cgroup is removed. To unregister notification handler just close eventfd. If you need notification functionality for a control file you have to implement callbacks register_event() and unregister_event() in the struct cftype. [kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com: Kconfig fix] Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Dan Malek <dan@embeddedalley.com> Cc: Vladislav Buzov <vbuzov@embeddedalley.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: Alexander Shishkin <virtuoso@slind.org> Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-02-28Merge branch 'sched-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-51/+30
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (25 commits) sched: Fix SCHED_MC regression caused by change in sched cpu_power sched: Don't use possibly stale sched_class kthread, sched: Remove reference to kthread_create_on_cpu sched: cpuacct: Use bigger percpu counter batch values for stats counters percpu_counter: Make __percpu_counter_add an inline function on UP sched: Remove member rt_se from struct rt_rq sched: Change usage of rt_rq->rt_se to rt_rq->tg->rt_se[cpu] sched: Remove unused update_shares_locked() sched: Use for_each_bit sched: Queue a deboosted task to the head of the RT prio queue sched: Implement head queueing for sched_rt sched: Extend enqueue_task to allow head queueing sched: Remove USER_SCHED sched: Fix the place where group powers are updated sched: Assume *balance is valid sched: Remove load_balance_newidle() sched: Unify load_balance{,_newidle}() sched: Add a lock break for PREEMPT=y sched: Remove from fwd decls sched: Remove rq_iterator from move_one_task ... Fix up trivial conflicts in kernel/sched.c
2010-02-28Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-13/+0
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (172 commits) perf_event, amd: Fix spinlock initialization perf_event: Fix preempt warning in perf_clock() perf tools: Flush maps on COMM events perf_events, x86: Split PMU definitions into separate files perf annotate: Handle samples not at objdump output addr boundaries perf_events, x86: Remove superflous MSR writes perf_events: Simplify code by removing cpu argument to hw_perf_group_sched_in() perf_events, x86: AMD event scheduling perf_events: Add new start/stop PMU callbacks perf_events: Report the MMAP pgoff value in bytes perf annotate: Defer allocating sym_priv->hist array perf symbols: Improve debugging information about symtab origins perf top: Use a macro instead of a constant variable perf symbols: Check the right return variable perf/scripts: Tag syscall_name helper as not yet available perf/scripts: Add perf-trace-python Documentation perf/scripts: Remove unnecessary PyTuple resizes perf/scripts: Add syscall tracing scripts perf/scripts: Add Python scripting engine perf/scripts: Remove check-perf-trace from listed scripts ... Fix trivial conflict in tools/perf/util/probe-event.c
2010-02-28Merge branch 'oprofile-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-1/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'oprofile-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: oprofile/x86: fix msr access to reserved counters oprofile/x86: use kzalloc() instead of kmalloc() oprofile/x86: fix perfctr nmi reservation for mulitplexing oprofile/x86: add comment to counter-in-use warning oprofile/x86: warn user if a counter is already active oprofile/x86: implement randomization for IBS periodic op counter oprofile/x86: implement lsfr pseudo-random number generator for IBS oprofile/x86: implement IBS cpuid feature detection oprofile/x86: remove node check in AMD IBS initialization oprofile/x86: remove OPROFILE_IBS config option oprofile: remove EXPERIMENTAL from the config option description oprofile: remove tracing build dependency
2010-02-28Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+16
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (44 commits) rcu: Fix accelerated GPs for last non-dynticked CPU rcu: Make non-RCU_PROVE_LOCKING rcu_read_lock_sched_held() understand boot rcu: Fix accelerated grace periods for last non-dynticked CPU rcu: Export rcu_scheduler_active rcu: Make rcu_read_lock_sched_held() take boot time into account rcu: Make lockdep_rcu_dereference() message less alarmist sched, cgroups: Fix module export rcu: Add RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE to dump detailed per-task information rcu: Fix rcutorture mod_timer argument to delay one jiffy rcu: Fix deadlock in TREE_PREEMPT_RCU CPU stall detection rcu: Convert to raw_spinlocks rcu: Stop overflowing signed integers rcu: Use canonical URL for Mathieu's dissertation rcu: Accelerate grace period if last non-dynticked CPU rcu: Fix citation of Mathieu's dissertation rcu: Documentation update for CONFIG_PROVE_RCU security: Apply lockdep-based checking to rcu_dereference() uses idr: Apply lockdep-based diagnostics to rcu_dereference() uses radix-tree: Disable RCU lockdep checking in radix tree vfs: Abstract rcu_dereference_check for files-fdtable use ...
2010-02-27Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6Linus Torvalds1-0/+4
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6: (31 commits) crypto: aes_generic - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: fcrypt - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: ecb - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: des_generic - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: deflate - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: crypto_null - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: cipher - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: crc32 - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: compress - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: cast6 - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: cast5 - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: camellia - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: authenc - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: api - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: anubis - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: algapi - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: blowfish - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: aead - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: ablkcipher - Fix checkpatch errors crypto: pcrypt - call the complete function on error ...
2010-02-26oprofile: remove EXPERIMENTAL from the config option descriptionRobert Richter1-1/+1
OProfile is already used for a long time and no longer experimental. Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
2010-02-25rcu: Accelerate grace period if last non-dynticked CPUPaul E. McKenney1-0/+16
Currently, rcu_needs_cpu() simply checks whether the current CPU has an outstanding RCU callback, which means that the last CPU to go into dyntick-idle mode might wait a few ticks for the relevant grace periods to complete. However, if all the other CPUs are in dyntick-idle mode, and if this CPU is in a quiescent state (which it is for RCU-bh and RCU-sched any time that we are considering going into dyntick-idle mode), then the grace period is instantly complete. This patch therefore repeatedly invokes the RCU grace-period machinery in order to force any needed grace periods to complete quickly. It does so a limited number of times in order to prevent starvation by an RCU callback function that might pass itself to call_rcu(). However, if any CPU other than the current one is not in dyntick-idle mode, fall back to simply checking (with fix to bug noted by Lai Jiangshan). Also, take advantage of last grace-period forcing, the opportunity to do so noted by Steve Rostedt. And apply simplified #ifdef condition suggested by Frederic Weisbecker. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: laijs@cn.fujitsu.com Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: josh@joshtriplett.org Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: dhowells@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <1266887105-1528-15-git-send-email-paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-08Merge branch 'sched/urgent' into sched/coreIngo Molnar1-4/+14
Merge reason: Merge dependent fix, update to latest -rc. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-02kconfig CROSS_COMPILE optionRoland McGrath1-0/+8
This adds CROSS_COMPILE as a kconfig string so you can store it in .config. Then you can use plain "make" in the configured kernel build directory to do the right cross compilation without setting the command-line or environment variable every time. With this, you can set up different build directories for different kernel configurations, whether native or cross-builds, and then use the simple: make -C /build/dir M=module-source-dir idiom to build modules for any given target kernel, indicating which one by nothing but the build directory chosen. I tried a version that defaults the string with env="CROSS_COMPILE" so that in a "make oldconfig" with CROSS_COMPILE in the environment you can just hit return to store the way you're building it. But the kconfig prompt for strings doesn't give you any way to say you want an empty string instead of the default, so I punted that. Signed-off-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com> Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Anibal Monsalve Salazar <anibal@debian.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2010-01-21sched: Remove USER_SCHEDDhaval Giani1-51/+30
Remove the USER_SCHED feature. It has been scheduled to be removed in 2.6.34 as per http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=125728479022976&w=2 Signed-off-by: Dhaval Giani <dhaval.giani@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> LKML-Reference: <1263990378.24844.3.camel@localhost> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-13Merge branch 'perf/urgent' into perf/coreIngo Molnar1-4/+14
Merge reason: queue up dependent patch, update to -rc4 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-01-11lib: add support for LZO-compressed kernelsAlbin Tonnerre1-4/+14
This patch series adds generic support for creating and extracting LZO-compressed kernel images, as well as support for using such images on the x86 and ARM architectures, and support for creating and using LZO-compressed initrd and initramfs images. Russell King said: : Testing on a Cortex A9 model: : - lzo decompressor is 65% of the time gzip takes to decompress a kernel : - lzo kernel is 9% larger than a gzip kernel : : which I'm happy to say confirms your figures when comparing the two. : : However, when comparing your new gzip code to the old gzip code: : - new is 99% of the size of the old code : - new takes 42% of the time to decompress than the old code : : What this means is that for a proper comparison, the results get even better: : - lzo is 7.5% larger than the old gzip'd kernel image : - lzo takes 28% of the time that the old gzip code took : : So the expense seems definitely worth the effort. The only reason I : can think of ever using gzip would be if you needed the additional : compression (eg, because you have limited flash to store the image.) : : I would argue that the default for ARM should therefore be LZO. This patch: The lzo compressor is worse than gzip at compression, but faster at extraction. Here are some figures for an ARM board I'm working on: Uncompressed size: 3.24Mo gzip 1.61Mo 0.72s lzo 1.75Mo 0.48s So for a compression ratio that is still relatively close to gzip, it's much faster to extract, at least in that case. This part contains: - Makefile routine to support lzo compression - Fixes to the existing lzo compressor so that it can be used in compressed kernels - wrapper around the existing lzo1x_decompress, as it only extracts one block at a time, while we need to extract a whole file here - config dialog for kernel compression [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-06padata: Generic parallelization/serialization interfaceSteffen Klassert1-0/+4
This patch introduces an interface to process data objects in parallel. The parallelized objects return after serialization in the same order as they were before the parallelization. Signed-off-by: Steffen Klassert <steffen.klassert@secunet.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2009-12-28perf events: Remove CONFIG_EVENT_PROFILELi Zefan1-13/+0
Quoted from Ingo: | This reminds me - i think we should eliminate CONFIG_EVENT_PROFILE - | it's an unnecessary Kconfig complication. If both PERF_EVENTS and | EVENT_TRACING is enabled we should expose generic tracepoints. | | Nor is it limited to event 'profiling', so it has become a misnomer as | well. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> LKML-Reference: <4B2F1557.2050705@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-12-15nommu: fix malloc performance by adding uninitialized flagJie Zhang1-0/+22
The NOMMU code currently clears all anonymous mmapped memory. While this is what we want in the default case, all memory allocation from userspace under NOMMU has to go through this interface, including malloc() which is allowed to return uninitialized memory. This can easily be a significant performance penalty. So for constrained embedded systems were security is irrelevant, allow people to avoid clearing memory unnecessarily. This also alters the ELF-FDPIC binfmt such that it obtains uninitialised memory for the brk and stack region. Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com> Signed-off-by: Robin Getz <rgetz@blackfin.uclinux.org> Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-09sysfs: deprecated features are to help old tools not to confuse themUwe Kleine-König1-1/+1
Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-08Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/sysctl-2.6Linus Torvalds1-0/+1
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ebiederm/sysctl-2.6: (43 commits) security/tomoyo: Remove now unnecessary handling of security_sysctl. security/tomoyo: Add a special case to handle accesses through the internal proc mount. sysctl: Drop & in front of every proc_handler. sysctl: Remove CTL_NONE and CTL_UNNUMBERED sysctl: kill dead ctl_handler definitions. sysctl: Remove the last of the generic binary sysctl support sysctl net: Remove unused binary sysctl code sysctl security/tomoyo: Don't look at ctl_name sysctl arm: Remove binary sysctl support sysctl x86: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl sh: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl powerpc: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl ia64: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl s390: Remove dead sysctl binary support sysctl frv: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl mips/lasat: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl drivers: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl crypto: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl security/keys: Remove dead binary sysctl support sysctl kernel: Remove binary sysctl logic ...
2009-12-05Merge branch 'core-rcu-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+9
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (31 commits) rcu: Make RCU's CPU-stall detector be default rcu: Add expedited grace-period support for preemptible RCU rcu: Enable fourth level of TREE_RCU hierarchy rcu: Rename "quiet" functions rcu: Re-arrange code to reduce #ifdef pain rcu: Eliminate unneeded function wrapping rcu: Fix grace-period-stall bug on large systems with CPU hotplug rcu: Eliminate __rcu_pending() false positives rcu: Further cleanups of use of lastcomp rcu: Simplify association of forced quiescent states with grace periods rcu: Accelerate callback processing on CPUs not detecting GP end rcu: Mark init-time-only rcu_bootup_announce() as __init rcu: Simplify association of quiescent states with grace periods rcu: Rename dynticks_completed to completed_fqs rcu: Enable synchronize_sched_expedited() fastpath rcu: Remove inline from forward-referenced functions rcu: Fix note_new_gpnum() uses of ->gpnum rcu: Fix synchronization for rcu_process_gp_end() uses of ->completed counter rcu: Prepare for synchronization fixes: clean up for non-NO_HZ handling of ->completed counter rcu: Cleanup: balance rcu_irq_enter()/rcu_irq_exit() calls ...
2009-12-05Merge branch 'core-locking-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-0/+1
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'core-locking-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: mutex: Fix missing conditions to build mutex_spin_on_owner() mutex: Better control mutex adaptive spinning config locking, task_struct: Reduce size on TRACE_IRQFLAGS and 64bit locking: Use __[SPIN|RW]_LOCK_UNLOCKED in [spin|rw]_lock_init() locking: Remove unused prototype locking: Reduce ifdefs in kernel/spinlock.c locking: Make inlining decision Kconfig based
2009-12-02sysfs: fix SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 promptRandy Dunlap1-1/+1
The SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 says "remove" older, deprecated features, but it actually enables them, so correct this confusing, backwards text. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-01SLOW_WORK: Move slow_work's proc file to debugfsDavid Howells1-4/+4
Move slow_work's debugging proc file to debugfs. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Requested-and-acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-11-19SLOW_WORK: Allow the work items to be viewed through a /proc fileDavid Howells1-0/+10
Allow the executing and queued work items to be viewed through a /proc file for debugging purposes. The contents look something like the following: THR PID ITEM ADDR FL MARK DESC === ===== ================ == ===== ========== 0 3005 ffff880023f52348 a 952ms FSC: OBJ17d3: LOOK 1 3006 ffff880024e33668 2 160ms FSC: OBJ17e5 OP60d3b: Write1/Store fl=2 2 3165 ffff8800296dd180 a 424ms FSC: OBJ17e4: LOOK 3 4089 ffff8800262c8d78 a 212ms FSC: OBJ17ea: CRTN 4 4090 ffff88002792bed8 2 388ms FSC: OBJ17e8 OP60d36: Write1/Store fl=2 5 4092 ffff88002a0ef308 2 388ms FSC: OBJ17e7 OP60d2e: Write1/Store fl=2 6 4094 ffff88002abaf4b8 2 132ms FSC: OBJ17e2 OP60d4e: Write1/Store fl=2 7 4095 ffff88002bb188e0 a 388ms FSC: OBJ17e9: CRTN vsq - ffff880023d99668 1 308ms FSC: OBJ17e0 OP60f91: Write1/EnQ fl=2 vsq - ffff8800295d1740 1 212ms FSC: OBJ16be OP4d4b6: Write1/EnQ fl=2 vsq - ffff880025ba3308 1 160ms FSC: OBJ179a OP58dec: Write1/EnQ fl=2 vsq - ffff880024ec83e0 1 160ms FSC: OBJ17ae OP599f2: Write1/EnQ fl=2 vsq - ffff880026618e00 1 160ms FSC: OBJ17e6 OP60d33: Write1/EnQ fl=2 vsq - ffff880025a2a4b8 1 132ms FSC: OBJ16a2 OP4d583: Write1/EnQ fl=2 vsq - ffff880023cbe6d8 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17eb: LOOK vsq - ffff880024d37590 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ec: LOOK vsq - ffff880027746cb0 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ed: LOOK vsq - ffff880024d37ae8 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ee: LOOK vsq - ffff880024d37cb0 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17ef: LOOK vsq - ffff880025036550 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17f0: LOOK vsq - ffff8800250368e0 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17f1: LOOK vsq - ffff880025036aa8 9 212ms FSC: OBJ17f2: LOOK In the 'THR' column, executing items show the thread they're occupying and queued threads indicate which queue they're on. 'PID' shows the process ID of a slow-work thread that's executing something. 'FL' shows the work item flags. 'MARK' indicates how long since an item was queued or began executing. Lastly, the 'DESC' column permits the owner of an item to give some information. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
2009-11-17Merge commit 'v2.6.32-rc7'Eric W. Biederman1-2/+2
Resolve the conflict between v2.6.32-rc7 where dn_def_dev_handler gets a small bug fix and the sysctl tree where I am removing all sysctl strategy routines.
2009-11-13locking: Make inlining decision Kconfig basedThomas Gleixner1-0/+1
commit 892a7c67 (locking: Allow arch-inlined spinlocks) implements the selection of which lock functions are inlined based on defines in arch/.../spinlock.h: #define __always_inline__LOCK_FUNCTION Despite of the name __always_inline__* the lock functions can be built out of line depending on config options. Also if the arch does not set some inline defines the generic code might set them; again depending on config options. This makes it unnecessary hard to figure out when and which lock functions are inlined. Aside of that it makes it way harder and messier for -rt to manipulate the lock functions. Convert the inlining decision to CONFIG switches. Each lock function is inlined depending on CONFIG_INLINE_*. The configs implement the existing dependencies. The architecture code can select ARCH_INLINE_* to signal that it wants the corresponding lock function inlined. ARCH_INLINE_* is necessary as Kconfig ignores "depends on" restrictions when a config element is selected. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> LKML-Reference: <20091109151428.504477141@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
2009-11-11Merge branch 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-2/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip * 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: perf tools: Fix permission checks perf_events: Fix some typo in the perf events config description
2009-11-11sysctl: Reduce sys_sysctl to a compatibility wrapper around /proc/sysEric W. Biederman1-0/+1
To simply maintenance and to be able to remove all of the binary sysctl support from various subsystems I have rewritten the binary sysctl code as a compatibility wrapper around proc/sys. The code is built around a hard coded table based on the table in sysctl_check.c that lists all of our current binary sysctls and provides enough information to convert from the sysctl binary input into into ascii and back again. New in this patch is the realization that the only dynamic entries that need to be handled have ifname as the asscii string and ifindex as their ctl_name. When a sys_sysctl is called the code now looks in the translation table converting the binary name to the path under /proc where the value is to be found. Opens that file, and calls into a format conversion wrapper that calls fop->read and then fop->write as appropriate. Since in practice the practically no one uses or tests sys_sysctl rewritting the code to be beautiful is a little silly. The redeeming merit of this work is it allows us to rip out all of the binary sysctl syscall support from everywhere else in the tree. Allowing us to remove a lot of dead (after this patch) and barely maintained code. In addition it becomes much easier to optimize the sysctl implementation for being the backing store of /proc/sys, without having to worry about sys_sysctl. Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
2009-11-02perf_events: Fix some typo in the perf events config descriptionThadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo1-2/+2
Signed-off-by: Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo <cascardo@holoscopio.com> Cc: trivial@kernel.org LKML-Reference: <1256938346-8230-1-git-send-email-cascardo@holoscopio.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-27powerpc: Minor cleanup to init/KconfigKumar Gala1-1/+1
We dont need to depend on PPC64 explicitly as all powerpc platforms (32-bit and 64-bit) define PPC now. Signed-off-by: Kumar Gala <galak@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
2009-10-26rcu: "Tiny RCU", The Bloatwatch EditionPaul E. McKenney1-0/+9
This patch is a version of RCU designed for !SMP provided for a small-footprint RCU implementation. In particular, the implementation of synchronize_rcu() is extremely lightweight and high performance. It passes rcutorture testing in each of the four relevant configurations (combinations of NO_HZ and PREEMPT) on x86. This saves about 1K bytes compared to old Classic RCU (which is no longer in mainline), and more than three kilobytes compared to Hierarchical RCU (updated to 2.6.30): CONFIG_TREE_RCU: text data bss dec filename 183 4 0 187 kernel/rcupdate.o 2783 520 36 3339 kernel/rcutree.o 3526 Total (vs 4565 for v7) CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU: text data bss dec filename 263 4 0 267 kernel/rcupdate.o 4594 776 52 5422 kernel/rcutree.o 5689 Total (6155 for v7) CONFIG_TINY_RCU: text data bss dec filename 96 4 0 100 kernel/rcupdate.o 734 24 0 758 kernel/rcutiny.o 858 Total (vs 848 for v7) The above is for x86. Your mileage may vary on other platforms. Further compression is possible, but is being procrastinated. Changes from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/10/9/388) o Apply Lai Jiangshan's review comments (aside from might_sleep() in synchronize_sched(), which is covered by SMP builds). o Fix up expedited primitives. Changes from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/9/23/293). o Forward ported to put it into the 2.6.33 stream. o Added lockdep support. o Make lightweight rcu_barrier. Changes from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/6/23/12). o Ported to latest pre-2.6.32 merge window kernel. - Renamed rcu_qsctr_inc() to rcu_sched_qs(). - Renamed rcu_bh_qsctr_inc() to rcu_bh_qs(). - Provided trivial rcu_cpu_notify(). - Provided trivial exit_rcu(). - Provided trivial rcu_needs_cpu(). - Fixed up the rcu_*_enter/exit() functions in linux/hardirq.h. o Removed the dependence on EMBEDDED, with a view to making TINY_RCU default for !SMP at some time in the future. o Added (trivial) support for expedited grace periods. Changes from v4 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/5/2/91) include: o Squeeze the size down a bit further by removing the ->completed field from struct rcu_ctrlblk. o This permits synchronize_rcu() to become the empty function. Previous concerns about rcutorture were unfounded, as rcutorture correctly handles a constant value from rcu_batches_completed() and rcu_batches_completed_bh(). Changes from v3 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/3/29/221) include: o Changed rcu_batches_completed(), rcu_batches_completed_bh() rcu_enter_nohz(), rcu_exit_nohz(), rcu_nmi_enter(), and rcu_nmi_exit(), to be static inlines, as suggested by David Howells. Doing this saves about 100 bytes from rcutiny.o. (The numbers between v3 and this v4 of the patch are not directly comparable, since they are against different versions of Linux.) Changes from v2 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/2/3/333) include: o Fix whitespace issues. o Change short-circuit "||" operator to instead be "+" in order to fix performance bug noted by "kraai" on LWN. (http://lwn.net/Articles/324348/) Changes from v1 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/1/13/440) include: o This version depends on EMBEDDED as well as !SMP, as suggested by Ingo. o Updated rcu_needs_cpu() to unconditionally return zero, permitting the CPU to enter dynticks-idle mode at any time. This works because callbacks can be invoked upon entry to dynticks-idle mode. o Paul is now OK with this being included, based on a poll at the Kernel Miniconf at linux.conf.au, where about ten people said that they cared about saving 900 bytes on single-CPU systems. o Applies to both mainline and tip/core/rcu. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Acked-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Reviewed-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: dipankar@in.ibm.com Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca Cc: dvhltc@us.ibm.com Cc: niv@us.ibm.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu Cc: avi@redhat.com Cc: mtosatti@redhat.com LKML-Reference: <12565226351355-git-send-email-> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-10-06perf_event: Provide vmalloc() based mmap() backingPeter Zijlstra1-0/+18
Some architectures such as Sparc, ARM and MIPS (basically everything with flush_dcache_page()) need to deal with dcache aliases by carefully placing pages in both kernel and user maps. These architectures typically have to use vmalloc_user() for this. However, on other architectures, vmalloc() is not needed and has the downsides of being more restricted and slower than regular allocations. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Acked-by: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> LKML-Reference: <1254830228.21044.272.camel@laptop> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>