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2019-03-13Merge tag 'selinux-pr-20190312' of ↵Linus Torvalds1-1/+7
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux Pull selinux fixes from Paul Moore: "Two small fixes for SELinux in v5.1: one adds a buffer length check to the SELinux SCTP code, the other ensures that the SELinux labeling for a NFS mount is not disabled if the filesystem is mounted twice" * tag 'selinux-pr-20190312' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux: security/selinux: fix SECURITY_LSM_NATIVE_LABELS on reused superblock selinux: add the missing walk_size + len check in selinux_sctp_bind_connect
2019-03-13Merge tag 'apparmor-pr-2019-03-12' of ↵Linus Torvalds2-0/+2
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor Pull apparmor fixes from John Johansen: - fix double when failing to unpack secmark rules in policy - fix leak of dentry when profile is removed * tag 'apparmor-pr-2019-03-12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jj/linux-apparmor: apparmor: fix double free when unpack of secmark rules fails apparmor: delete the dentry in aafs_remove() to avoid a leak apparmor: Fix warning about unused function apparmor_ipv6_postroute
2019-03-13Merge branch 'work.mount' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-25/+194
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs mount infrastructure updates from Al Viro: "The rest of core infrastructure; no new syscalls in that pile, but the old parts are switched to new infrastructure. At that point conversions of individual filesystems can happen independently; some are done here (afs, cgroup, procfs, etc.), there's also a large series outside of that pile dealing with NFS (quite a bit of option-parsing stuff is getting used there - it's one of the most convoluted filesystems in terms of mount-related logics), but NFS bits are the next cycle fodder. It got seriously simplified since the last cycle; documentation is probably the weakest bit at the moment - I considered dropping the commit introducing Documentation/filesystems/mount_api.txt (cutting the size increase by quarter ;-), but decided that it would be better to fix it up after -rc1 instead. That pile allows to do followup work in independent branches, which should make life much easier for the next cycle. fs/super.c size increase is unpleasant; there's a followup series that allows to shrink it considerably, but I decided to leave that until the next cycle" * 'work.mount' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (41 commits) afs: Use fs_context to pass parameters over automount afs: Add fs_context support vfs: Add some logging to the core users of the fs_context log vfs: Implement logging through fs_context vfs: Provide documentation for new mount API vfs: Remove kern_mount_data() hugetlbfs: Convert to fs_context cpuset: Use fs_context kernfs, sysfs, cgroup, intel_rdt: Support fs_context cgroup: store a reference to cgroup_ns into cgroup_fs_context cgroup1_get_tree(): separate "get cgroup_root to use" into a separate helper cgroup_do_mount(): massage calling conventions cgroup: stash cgroup_root reference into cgroup_fs_context cgroup2: switch to option-by-option parsing cgroup1: switch to option-by-option parsing cgroup: take options parsing into ->parse_monolithic() cgroup: fold cgroup1_mount() into cgroup1_get_tree() cgroup: start switching to fs_context ipc: Convert mqueue fs to fs_context proc: Add fs_context support to procfs ...
2019-03-12selinux: convert to kvmallocKent Overstreet6-144/+62
The flex arrays were being used for constant sized arrays, so there's no benefit to using flex_arrays over something simpler. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181217131929.11727-4-kent.overstreet@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com> Cc: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org> Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com> Cc: Pravin B Shelar <pshelar@ovn.org> Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@kernel.org> Cc: Vlad Yasevich <vyasevich@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-03-12apparmor: fix double free when unpack of secmark rules failsJohn Johansen1-0/+1
if secmark rules fail to unpack a double free happens resulting in the following oops [ 1295.584074] audit: type=1400 audit(1549970525.256:51): apparmor="STATUS" info="failed to unpack profile secmark rules" error=-71 profile="unconfined" name="/root/test" pid=29882 comm="apparmor_parser" name="/root/test" offset=120 [ 1374.042334] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 1374.042336] kernel BUG at mm/slub.c:294! [ 1374.042404] invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI [ 1374.042436] CPU: 0 PID: 29921 Comm: apparmor_parser Not tainted 4.20.7-042007-generic #201902061234 [ 1374.042461] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.10.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014 [ 1374.042489] RIP: 0010:kfree+0x164/0x180 [ 1374.042502] Code: 74 05 41 0f b6 72 51 4c 89 d7 e8 37 cd f8 ff eb 8b 41 b8 01 00 00 00 48 89 d9 48 89 da 4c 89 d6 e8 11 f6 ff ff e9 72 ff ff ff <0f> 0b 49 8b 42 08 a8 01 75 c2 0f 0b 48 8b 3d a9 f4 19 01 e9 c5 fe [ 1374.042552] RSP: 0018:ffffaf7b812d7b90 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 1374.042568] RAX: ffff91e437679200 RBX: ffff91e437679200 RCX: ffff91e437679200 [ 1374.042589] RDX: 00000000000088b6 RSI: ffff91e43da27060 RDI: ffff91e43d401a80 [ 1374.042609] RBP: ffffaf7b812d7ba8 R08: 0000000000027080 R09: ffffffffa6627a6d [ 1374.042629] R10: ffffd3af41dd9e40 R11: ffff91e43a1740dc R12: ffff91e3f52e8000 [ 1374.042650] R13: ffffffffa6627a6d R14: ffffffffffffffb9 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 1374.042675] FS: 00007f928df77740(0000) GS:ffff91e43da00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 1374.042697] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 1374.042714] CR2: 000055a0c3ab6b50 CR3: 0000000079ed8004 CR4: 0000000000360ef0 [ 1374.042737] Call Trace: [ 1374.042750] kzfree+0x2d/0x40 [ 1374.042763] aa_free_profile+0x12b/0x270 [ 1374.042776] unpack_profile+0xc1/0xf10 [ 1374.042790] aa_unpack+0x115/0x4e0 [ 1374.042802] aa_replace_profiles+0x8e/0xcc0 [ 1374.042817] ? kvmalloc_node+0x6d/0x80 [ 1374.042831] ? __check_object_size+0x166/0x192 [ 1374.042845] policy_update+0xcf/0x1b0 [ 1374.042858] profile_load+0x7d/0xa0 [ 1374.042871] __vfs_write+0x3a/0x190 [ 1374.042883] ? apparmor_file_permission+0x1a/0x20 [ 1374.042899] ? security_file_permission+0x31/0xc0 [ 1374.042918] ? _cond_resched+0x19/0x30 [ 1374.042931] vfs_write+0xab/0x1b0 [ 1374.042963] ksys_write+0x55/0xc0 [ 1374.043004] __x64_sys_write+0x1a/0x20 [ 1374.043046] do_syscall_64+0x5a/0x110 [ 1374.043087] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9 Fixes: 9caafbe2b4cf ("apparmor: Parse secmark policy") Reported-by: Alex Murray <alex.murray@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
2019-03-12apparmor: delete the dentry in aafs_remove() to avoid a leakChris Coulson1-0/+1
Although the apparmorfs dentries are always dropped from the dentry cache when the usage count drops to zero, there is no guarantee that this will happen in aafs_remove(), as another thread might still be using it. In this scenario, this means that the dentry will temporarily continue to appear in the results of lookups, even after the call to aafs_remove(). In the case of removal of a profile - it also causes simple_rmdir() on the profile directory to fail, as the directory won't be empty until the usage counts of all child dentries have decreased to zero. This results in the dentry for the profile directory leaking and appearing empty in the file system tree forever. Signed-off-by: Chris Coulson <chris.coulson@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
2019-03-11security/selinux: fix SECURITY_LSM_NATIVE_LABELS on reused superblockJ. Bruce Fields1-1/+4
In the case when we're reusing a superblock, selinux_sb_clone_mnt_opts() fails to set set_kern_flags, with the result that nfs_clone_sb_security() incorrectly clears NFS_CAP_SECURITY_LABEL. The result is that if you mount the same NFS filesystem twice, NFS security labels are turned off, even if they would work fine if you mounted the filesystem only once. ("fixes" may be not exactly the right tag, it may be more like "fixed-other-cases-but-missed-this-one".) Cc: Scott Mayhew <smayhew@redhat.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: 0b4d3452b8b4 "security/selinux: allow security_sb_clone_mnt_opts..." Signed-off-by: J. Bruce Fields <bfields@redhat.com> Acked-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
2019-03-11selinux: add the missing walk_size + len check in selinux_sctp_bind_connectXin Long1-0/+3
As does in __sctp_connect(), when checking addrs in a while loop, after get the addr len according to sa_family, it's necessary to do the check walk_size + af->sockaddr_len > addrs_size to make sure it won't access an out-of-bounds addr. The same thing is needed in selinux_sctp_bind_connect(), otherwise an out-of-bounds issue can be triggered: [14548.772313] BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in selinux_sctp_bind_connect+0x1aa/0x1f0 [14548.927083] Call Trace: [14548.938072] dump_stack+0x9a/0xe9 [14548.953015] print_address_description+0x65/0x22e [14548.996524] kasan_report.cold.6+0x92/0x1a6 [14549.015335] selinux_sctp_bind_connect+0x1aa/0x1f0 [14549.036947] security_sctp_bind_connect+0x58/0x90 [14549.058142] __sctp_setsockopt_connectx+0x5a/0x150 [sctp] [14549.081650] sctp_setsockopt.part.24+0x1322/0x3ce0 [sctp] Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Fixes: d452930fd3b9 ("selinux: Add SCTP support") Reported-by: Chunyu Hu <chuhu@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Xin Long <lucien.xin@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Marcelo Ricardo Leitner <marcelo.leitner@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
2019-03-11Merge branch 'next-tpm' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-25/+90
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security Pull tpm updates from James Morris: - Clean up the transmission flow Cleaned up the whole transmission flow. Locking of the chip is now done in the level of tpm_try_get_ops() and tpm_put_ops() instead taking the chip lock inside tpm_transmit(). The nested calls inside tpm_transmit(), used with the resource manager, have been refactored out. Should make easier to perform more complex transactions with the TPM without making the subsystem a bigger mess (e.g. encrypted channel patches by James Bottomley). - PPI 1.3 support TPM PPI 1.3 introduces an additional optional command parameter that may be needed for some commands. Display the parameter if the command requires such a parameter. Only command 23 (SetPCRBanks) needs one. The PPI request file will show output like this then: # echo "23 16" > request # cat request 23 16 # echo "5" > request # cat request 5 - Extend all PCR banks in IMA Instead of static PCR banks array, the array of available PCR banks is now allocated dynamically. The digests sizes are determined dynamically using a probe PCR read without relying crypto's static list of hash algorithms. This should finally make sealing of measurements in IMA safe and secure. - TPM 2.0 selftests Added a test suite to tools/testing/selftests/tpm2 previously outside of the kernel tree: https://github.com/jsakkine-intel/tpm2-scripts * 'next-tpm' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (37 commits) tpm/ppi: Enable submission of optional command parameter for PPI 1.3 tpm/ppi: Possibly show command parameter if TPM PPI 1.3 is used tpm/ppi: Display up to 101 operations as define for version 1.3 tpm/ppi: rename TPM_PPI_REVISION_ID to TPM_PPI_REVISION_ID_1 tpm/ppi: pass function revision ID to tpm_eval_dsm() tpm: pass an array of tpm_extend_digest structures to tpm_pcr_extend() KEYS: trusted: explicitly use tpm_chip structure from tpm_default_chip() tpm: move tpm_chip definition to include/linux/tpm.h tpm: retrieve digest size of unknown algorithms with PCR read tpm: rename and export tpm2_digest and tpm2_algorithms tpm: dynamically allocate the allocated_banks array tpm: remove @flags from tpm_transmit() tpm: take TPM chip power gating out of tpm_transmit() tpm: introduce tpm_chip_start() and tpm_chip_stop() tpm: remove TPM_TRANSMIT_UNLOCKED flag tpm: use tpm_try_get_ops() in tpm-sysfs.c. tpm: remove @space from tpm_transmit() tpm: move TPM space code out of tpm_transmit() tpm: move tpm_validate_commmand() to tpm2-space.c tpm: clean up tpm_try_transmit() error handling flow ...
2019-03-11Merge branch 'next-integrity' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-11/+40
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security Pull integrity updates from James Morris: "Mimi Zohar says: 'Linux 5.0 introduced the platform keyring to allow verifying the IMA kexec kernel image signature using the pre-boot keys. This pull request similarly makes keys on the platform keyring accessible for verifying the PE kernel image signature. Also included in this pull request is a new IMA hook that tags tmp files, in policy, indicating the file hash needs to be calculated. The remaining patches are cleanup'" * 'next-integrity' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: evm: Use defined constant for UUID representation ima: define ima_post_create_tmpfile() hook and add missing call evm: remove set but not used variable 'xattr' encrypted-keys: fix Opt_err/Opt_error = -1 kexec, KEYS: Make use of platform keyring for signature verify integrity, KEYS: add a reference to platform keyring
2019-03-09Merge tag 'docs-5.1' of git://git.lwn.net/linuxLinus Torvalds1-1/+1
Pull documentation updates from Jonathan Corbet: "A fairly routine cycle for docs - lots of typo fixes, some new documents, and more translations. There's also some LICENSES adjustments from Thomas" * tag 'docs-5.1' of git://git.lwn.net/linux: (74 commits) docs: Bring some order to filesystem documentation Documentation/locking/lockdep: Drop last two chars of sample states doc: rcu: Suspicious RCU usage is a warning docs: driver-api: iio: fix errors in documentation Documentation/process/howto: Update for 4.x -> 5.x versioning docs: Explicitly state that the 'Fixes:' tag shouldn't split lines doc: security: Add kern-doc for lsm_hooks.h doc: sctp: Merge and clean up rst files Docs: Correct /proc/stat path scripts/spdxcheck.py: fix C++ comment style detection doc: fix typos in license-rules.rst Documentation: fix admin-guide/README.rst minimum gcc version requirement doc: process: complete removal of info about -git patches doc: translations: sync translations 'remove info about -git patches' perf-security: wrap paragraphs on 72 columns perf-security: elaborate on perf_events/Perf privileged users perf-security: document collected perf_events/Perf data categories perf-security: document perf_events/Perf resource control sysfs.txt: add note on available attribute macros docs: kernel-doc: typo "if ... if" -> "if ... is" ...
2019-03-07Merge tag 'audit-pr-20190305' of ↵Linus Torvalds9-22/+12
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/audit Pull audit updates from Paul Moore: "A lucky 13 audit patches for v5.1. Despite the rather large diffstat, most of the changes are from two bug fix patches that move code from one Kconfig option to another. Beyond that bit of churn, the remaining changes are largely cleanups and bug-fixes as we slowly march towards container auditing. It isn't all boring though, we do have a couple of new things: file capabilities v3 support, and expanded support for filtering on filesystems to solve problems with remote filesystems. All changes pass the audit-testsuite. Please merge for v5.1" * tag 'audit-pr-20190305' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/audit: audit: mark expected switch fall-through audit: hide auditsc_get_stamp and audit_serial prototypes audit: join tty records to their syscall audit: remove audit_context when CONFIG_ AUDIT and not AUDITSYSCALL audit: remove unused actx param from audit_rule_match audit: ignore fcaps on umount audit: clean up AUDITSYSCALL prototypes and stubs audit: more filter PATH records keyed on filesystem magic audit: add support for fcaps v3 audit: move loginuid and sessionid from CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL to CONFIG_AUDIT audit: add syscall information to CONFIG_CHANGE records audit: hand taken context to audit_kill_trees for syscall logging audit: give a clue what CONFIG_CHANGE op was involved
2019-03-07Merge tag 'selinux-pr-20190305' of ↵Linus Torvalds5-127/+176
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux Pull SELinux updates from Paul Moore: "Nine SELinux patches for v5.1, all bug fixes. As far as I'm concerned, nothing really jumps out as risky or special to me, but each commit has a decent description so you can judge for yourself. As usual, everything passes the selinux-testsuite; please merge for v5.1" * tag 'selinux-pr-20190305' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pcmoore/selinux: selinux: fix avc audit messages selinux: replace BUG_ONs with WARN_ONs in avc.c selinux: log invalid contexts in AVCs selinux: replace some BUG_ON()s with a WARN_ON() selinux: inline some AVC functions used only once selinux: do not override context on context mounts selinux: never allow relabeling on context mounts selinux: stop passing MAY_NOT_BLOCK to the AVC upon follow_link selinux: avoid silent denials in permissive mode under RCU walk
2019-03-07Merge branch 'next-general' of ↵Linus Torvalds58-965/+2018
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security Pull security subsystem updates from James Morris: - Extend LSM stacking to allow sharing of cred, file, ipc, inode, and task blobs. This paves the way for more full-featured LSMs to be merged, and is specifically aimed at LandLock and SARA LSMs. This work is from Casey and Kees. - There's a new LSM from Micah Morton: "SafeSetID gates the setid family of syscalls to restrict UID/GID transitions from a given UID/GID to only those approved by a system-wide whitelist." This feature is currently shipping in ChromeOS. * 'next-general' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jmorris/linux-security: (62 commits) keys: fix missing __user in KEYCTL_PKEY_QUERY LSM: Update list of SECURITYFS users in Kconfig LSM: Ignore "security=" when "lsm=" is specified LSM: Update function documentation for cap_capable security: mark expected switch fall-throughs and add a missing break tomoyo: Bump version. LSM: fix return value check in safesetid_init_securityfs() LSM: SafeSetID: add selftest LSM: SafeSetID: remove unused include LSM: SafeSetID: 'depend' on CONFIG_SECURITY LSM: Add 'name' field for SafeSetID in DEFINE_LSM LSM: add SafeSetID module that gates setid calls LSM: add SafeSetID module that gates setid calls tomoyo: Allow multiple use_group lines. tomoyo: Coding style fix. tomoyo: Swicth from cred->security to task_struct->security. security: keys: annotate implicit fall throughs security: keys: annotate implicit fall throughs security: keys: annotate implicit fall through capabilities:: annotate implicit fall through ...
2019-03-05keys: fix missing __user in KEYCTL_PKEY_QUERYBen Dooks1-1/+1
The arg5 of KEYCTL_PKEY_QUERY should have a __user pointer tag on it as it is a user pointer. This clears the following sparse warning for this: security/keys/keyctl.c:1755:43: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different address spaces) security/keys/keyctl.c:1755:43: expected struct keyctl_pkey_query [noderef] <asn:1>*<noident> security/keys/keyctl.c:1755:43: got struct keyctl_pkey_query *<noident> Signed-off-by: Ben Dooks <ben.dooks@codethink.co.uk> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-03-04get rid of legacy 'get_ds()' functionLinus Torvalds1-1/+1
Every in-kernel use of this function defined it to KERNEL_DS (either as an actual define, or as an inline function). It's an entirely historical artifact, and long long long ago used to actually read the segment selector valueof '%ds' on x86. Which in the kernel is always KERNEL_DS. Inspired by a patch from Jann Horn that just did this for a very small subset of users (the ones in fs/), along with Al who suggested a script. I then just took it to the logical extreme and removed all the remaining gunk. Roughly scripted with git grep -l '(get_ds())' -- :^tools/ | xargs sed -i 's/(get_ds())/(KERNEL_DS)/' git grep -lw 'get_ds' -- :^tools/ | xargs sed -i '/^#define get_ds()/d' plus manual fixups to remove a few unusual usage patterns, the couple of inline function cases and to fix up a comment that had become stale. The 'get_ds()' function remains in an x86 kvm selftest, since in user space it actually does something relevant. Inspired-by: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com> Inspired-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2019-03-01LSM: Update list of SECURITYFS users in KconfigPetr Vorel1-2/+1
Remove modules not using it (SELinux and SMACK aren't the only ones not using it). Signed-off-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-28introduce cloning of fs_contextAl Viro3-0/+93
new primitive: vfs_dup_fs_context(). Comes with fs_context method (->dup()) for copying the filesystem-specific parts of fs_context, along with LSM one (->fs_context_dup()) for doing the same to LSM parts. [needs better commit message, and change of Author:, anyway] Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-02-28smack: Implement filesystem context security hooksDavid Howells2-15/+47
Implement filesystem context security hooks for the smack LSM. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com> cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-02-28selinux: Implement the new mount API LSM hooksDavid Howells2-10/+49
Implement the new mount API LSM hooks for SELinux. At some point the old hooks will need to be removed. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> cc: selinux@tycho.nsa.gov cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-02-28vfs: Add LSM hooks for the new mount APIDavid Howells1-0/+5
Add LSM hooks for use by the new mount API and filesystem context code. This includes: (1) Hooks to handle allocation, duplication and freeing of the security record attached to a filesystem context. (2) A hook to snoop source specifications. There may be multiple of these if the filesystem supports it. They will to be local files/devices if fs_context::source_is_dev is true and will be something else, possibly remote server specifications, if false. (3) A hook to snoop superblock configuration options in key[=val] form. If the LSM decides it wants to handle it, it can suppress the option being passed to the filesystem. Note that 'val' may include commas and binary data with the fsopen patch. (4) A hook to perform validation and allocation after the configuration has been done but before the superblock is allocated and set up. (5) A hook to transfer the security from the context to a newly created superblock. (6) A hook to rule on whether a path point can be used as a mountpoint. These are intended to replace: security_sb_copy_data security_sb_kern_mount security_sb_mount security_sb_set_mnt_opts security_sb_clone_mnt_opts security_sb_parse_opts_str [AV -- some of the methods being replaced are already gone, some of the methods are not added for the lack of need] Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> cc: linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2019-02-26LSM: Ignore "security=" when "lsm=" is specifiedKees Cook1-2/+6
To avoid potential confusion, explicitly ignore "security=" when "lsm=" is used on the command line, and report that it is happening. Suggested-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com> Acked-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-26LSM: Update function documentation for cap_capableMicah Morton1-1/+1
This should have gone in with commit c1a85a00ea66cb6f0bd0f14e47c28c2b0999799f. Signed-off-by: Micah Morton <mortonm@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-24Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/netLinus Torvalds1-4/+6
Pull networking fixes from David Miller: "Hopefully the last pull request for this release. Fingers crossed: 1) Only refcount ESP stats on full sockets, from Martin Willi. 2) Missing barriers in AF_UNIX, from Al Viro. 3) RCU protection fixes in ipv6 route code, from Paolo Abeni. 4) Avoid false positives in untrusted GSO validation, from Willem de Bruijn. 5) Forwarded mesh packets in mac80211 need more tailroom allocated, from Felix Fietkau. 6) Use operstate consistently for linkup in team driver, from George Wilkie. 7) ThunderX bug fixes from Vadim Lomovtsev. Mostly races between VF and PF code paths. 8) Purge ipv6 exceptions during netdevice removal, from Paolo Abeni. 9) nfp eBPF code gen fixes from Jiong Wang. 10) bnxt_en firmware timeout fix from Michael Chan. 11) Use after free in udp/udpv6 error handlers, from Paolo Abeni. 12) Fix a race in x25_bind triggerable by syzbot, from Eric Dumazet" * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net: (65 commits) net: phy: realtek: Dummy IRQ calls for RTL8366RB tcp: repaired skbs must init their tso_segs net/x25: fix a race in x25_bind() net: dsa: Remove documentation for port_fdb_prepare Revert "bridge: do not add port to router list when receives query with source 0.0.0.0" selftests: fib_tests: sleep after changing carrier. again. net: set static variable an initial value in atl2_probe() net: phy: marvell10g: Fix Multi-G advertisement to only advertise 10G bpf, doc: add bpf list as secondary entry to maintainers file udp: fix possible user after free in error handler udpv6: fix possible user after free in error handler fou6: fix proto error handler argument type udpv6: add the required annotation to mib type mdio_bus: Fix use-after-free on device_register fails net: Set rtm_table to RT_TABLE_COMPAT for ipv6 for tables > 255 bnxt_en: Wait longer for the firmware message response to complete. bnxt_en: Fix typo in firmware message timeout logic. nfp: bpf: fix ALU32 high bits clearance bug nfp: bpf: fix code-gen bug on BPF_ALU | BPF_XOR | BPF_K Documentation: networking: switchdev: Update port parent ID section ...
2019-02-22KEYS: always initialize keyring_index_key::desc_lenEric Biggers4-6/+4
syzbot hit the 'BUG_ON(index_key->desc_len == 0);' in __key_link_begin() called from construct_alloc_key() during sys_request_key(), because the length of the key description was never calculated. The problem is that we rely on ->desc_len being initialized by search_process_keyrings(), specifically by search_nested_keyrings(). But, if the process isn't subscribed to any keyrings that never happens. Fix it by always initializing keyring_index_key::desc_len as soon as the description is set, like we already do in some places. The following program reproduces the BUG_ON() when it's run as root and no session keyring has been installed. If it doesn't work, try removing pam_keyinit.so from /etc/pam.d/login and rebooting. #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <keyutils.h> int main(void) { int id = add_key("keyring", "syz", NULL, 0, KEY_SPEC_USER_KEYRING); keyctl_setperm(id, KEY_OTH_WRITE); setreuid(5000, 5000); request_key("user", "desc", "", id); } Reported-by: syzbot+ec24e95ea483de0a24da@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Fixes: b2a4df200d57 ("KEYS: Expand the capacity of a keyring") Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-22security: mark expected switch fall-throughs and add a missing breakGustavo A. R. Silva5-3/+8
In preparation to enabling -Wimplicit-fallthrough, mark switch cases where we are expecting to fall through. This patch fixes the following warnings: security/integrity/ima/ima_template_lib.c:85:10: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c:940:18: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c:943:7: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c:972:21: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] security/integrity/ima/ima_policy.c:974:7: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] security/smack/smack_lsm.c:3391:9: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] security/apparmor/domain.c:569:6: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] Warning level 3 was used: -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 Also, add a missing break statement to fix the following warning: security/integrity/ima/ima_appraise.c:116:26: warning: this statement may fall through [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] Acked-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com> Acked-by: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com> Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavo@embeddedor.com> Acked-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-22doc: sctp: Merge and clean up rst filesKees Cook1-1/+1
The SCTP sections were ending up at the top-level table of contents under the security section when they should have be sections with the SCTP chapters. In addition to correcting the section and subsection headings, this merges the SCTP documents into a single file to organize the chapters more clearly, internally linkifies them, and adds the missing SPDX header. Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
2019-02-21missing barriers in some of unix_sock ->addr and ->path accessesAl Viro1-4/+6
Several u->addr and u->path users are not holding any locks in common with unix_bind(). unix_state_lock() is useless for those purposes. u->addr is assign-once and *(u->addr) is fully set up by the time we set u->addr (all under unix_table_lock). u->path is also set in the same critical area, also before setting u->addr, and any unix_sock with ->path filled will have non-NULL ->addr. So setting ->addr with smp_store_release() is all we need for those "lockless" users - just have them fetch ->addr with smp_load_acquire() and don't even bother looking at ->path if they see NULL ->addr. Users of ->addr and ->path fall into several classes now: 1) ones that do smp_load_acquire(u->addr) and access *(u->addr) and u->path only if smp_load_acquire() has returned non-NULL. 2) places holding unix_table_lock. These are guaranteed that *(u->addr) is seen fully initialized. If unix_sock is in one of the "bound" chains, so's ->path. 3) unix_sock_destructor() using ->addr is safe. All places that set u->addr are guaranteed to have seen all stores *(u->addr) while holding a reference to u and unix_sock_destructor() is called when (atomic) refcount hits zero. 4) unix_release_sock() using ->path is safe. unix_bind() is serialized wrt unix_release() (normally - by struct file refcount), and for the instances that had ->path set by unix_bind() unix_release_sock() comes from unix_release(), so they are fine. Instances that had it set in unix_stream_connect() either end up attached to a socket (in unix_accept()), in which case the call chain to unix_release_sock() and serialization are the same as in the previous case, or they never get accept'ed and unix_release_sock() is called when the listener is shut down and its queue gets purged. In that case the listener's queue lock provides the barriers needed - unix_stream_connect() shoves our unix_sock into listener's queue under that lock right after having set ->path and eventual unix_release_sock() caller picks them from that queue under the same lock right before calling unix_release_sock(). 5) unix_find_other() use of ->path is pointless, but safe - it happens with successful lookup by (abstract) name, so ->path.dentry is guaranteed to be NULL there. earlier-variant-reviewed-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2019-02-20tomoyo: Bump version.Tetsuo Handa2-8/+13
Update URLs and profile version. Signed-off-by: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-16keys: Timestamp new keysDavid Howells1-0/+1
Set the timestamp on new keys rather than leaving it unset. Fixes: 31d5a79d7f3d ("KEYS: Do LRU discard in full keyrings") Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-16keys: Fix dependency loop between construction record and auth keyDavid Howells5-62/+41
In the request_key() upcall mechanism there's a dependency loop by which if a key type driver overrides the ->request_key hook and the userspace side manages to lose the authorisation key, the auth key and the internal construction record (struct key_construction) can keep each other pinned. Fix this by the following changes: (1) Killing off the construction record and using the auth key instead. (2) Including the operation name in the auth key payload and making the payload available outside of security/keys/. (3) The ->request_key hook is given the authkey instead of the cons record and operation name. Changes (2) and (3) allow the auth key to naturally be cleaned up if the keyring it is in is destroyed or cleared or the auth key is unlinked. Fixes: 7ee02a316600 ("keys: Fix dependency loop between construction record and auth key") Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-16KEYS: allow reaching the keys quotas exactlyEric Biggers1-2/+2
If the sysctl 'kernel.keys.maxkeys' is set to some number n, then actually users can only add up to 'n - 1' keys. Likewise for 'kernel.keys.maxbytes' and the root_* versions of these sysctls. But these sysctls are apparently supposed to be *maximums*, as per their names and all documentation I could find -- the keyrings(7) man page, Documentation/security/keys/core.rst, and all the mentions of EDQUOT meaning that the key quota was *exceeded* (as opposed to reached). Thus, fix the code to allow reaching the quotas exactly. Fixes: 0b77f5bfb45c ("keys: make the keyring quotas controllable through /proc/sys") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-14Merge branch 'next-integrity' of ↵James Morris5-11/+40
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/zohar/linux-integrity into next-integrity From: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> Linux 5.0 introduced the platform keyring to allow verifying the IMA kexec kernel image signature using the pre-boot keys.  This pull request similarly makes keys on the platform keyring accessible for verifying the PE kernel image signature.* Also included in this pull request is a new IMA hook that tags tmp files, in policy, indicating the file hash needs to be calculated.  The remaining patches are cleanup. *Upstream commit "993a110319a4 (x86/kexec: Fix a kexec_file_load() failure)" is required for testing.
2019-02-13Merge tag 'tpmdd-next-20190213' of ↵James Morris5-25/+90
git://git.infradead.org/users/jjs/linux-tpmdd into next-tpm tpmdd updates for Linux v5.1 From: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Clean up the transmission flow ============================== Cleaned up the whole transmission flow. Locking of the chip is now done in the level of tpm_try_get_ops() and tpm_put_ops() instead taking the chip lock inside tpm_transmit(). The nested calls inside tpm_transmit(), used with the resource manager, have been refactored out. Should make easier to perform more complex transactions with the TPM without making the subsystem a bigger mess (e.g. encrypted channel patches by James Bottomley). PPI 1.3 support =============== TPM PPI 1.3 introduces an additional optional command parameter that may be needed for some commands. Display the parameter if the command requires such a parameter. Only command 23 (SetPCRBanks) needs one. The PPI request file will show output like this then: # echo "23 16" > request # cat request 23 16 # echo "5" > request # cat request 5 Extend all PCR banks in IMA =========================== Instead of static PCR banks array, the array of available PCR banks is now allocated dynamically. The digests sizes are determined dynamically using a probe PCR read without relying crypto's static list of hash algorithms. This should finally make sealing of measurements in IMA safe and secure. TPM 2.0 selftests ================= Added a test suite to tools/testing/selftests/tpm2 previously outside of the kernel tree: https://github.com/jsakkine-intel/tpm2-scripts.
2019-02-13tpm: pass an array of tpm_extend_digest structures to tpm_pcr_extend()Roberto Sassu4-9/+64
Currently, tpm_pcr_extend() accepts as an input only a SHA1 digest. This patch replaces the hash parameter of tpm_pcr_extend() with an array of tpm_digest structures, so that the caller can provide a digest for each PCR bank currently allocated in the TPM. tpm_pcr_extend() will not extend banks for which no digest was provided, as it happened before this patch, but instead it requires that callers provide the full set of digests. Since the number of digests will always be chip->nr_allocated_banks, the count parameter has been removed. Due to the API change, ima_pcr_extend() and pcrlock() have been modified. Since the number of allocated banks is not known in advance, the memory for the digests must be dynamically allocated. To avoid performance degradation and to avoid that a PCR extend is not done due to lack of memory, the array of tpm_digest structures is allocated by the users of the TPM driver at initialization time. Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> (on x86 for TPM 1.2 & PTT TPM 2.0) Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
2019-02-13KEYS: trusted: explicitly use tpm_chip structure from tpm_default_chip()Roberto Sassu1-14/+24
When crypto agility support will be added to the TPM driver, users of the driver have to retrieve the allocated banks from chip->allocated_banks and use this information to prepare the array of tpm_digest structures to be passed to tpm_pcr_extend(). This patch retrieves a tpm_chip pointer from tpm_default_chip() so that the pointer can be used to prepare the array of tpm_digest structures. Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
2019-02-13tpm: retrieve digest size of unknown algorithms with PCR readRoberto Sassu1-5/+5
Currently, the TPM driver retrieves the digest size from a table mapping TPM algorithms identifiers to identifiers defined by the crypto subsystem. If the algorithm is not defined by the latter, the digest size can be retrieved from the output of the PCR read command. The patch modifies the definition of tpm_pcr_read() and tpm2_pcr_read() to pass the desired hash algorithm and obtain the digest size at TPM startup. Algorithms and corresponding digest sizes are stored in the new structure tpm_bank_info, member of tpm_chip, so that the information can be used by other kernel subsystems. tpm_bank_info contains: the TPM algorithm identifier, necessary to generate the event log as defined by Trusted Computing Group (TCG); the digest size, to pad/truncate a digest calculated with a different algorithm; the crypto subsystem identifier, to calculate the digest of event data. This patch also protects against data corruption that could happen in the bus, by checking that the digest size returned by the TPM during a PCR read matches the size of the algorithm passed to tpm2_pcr_read(). For the initial PCR read, when digest sizes are not yet available, this patch ensures that the amount of data copied from the output returned by the TPM does not exceed the size of the array data are copied to. Signed-off-by: Roberto Sassu <roberto.sassu@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Tested-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko.sakkinen@linux.intel.com>
2019-02-12LSM: fix return value check in safesetid_init_securityfs()Wei Yongjun1-1/+1
In case of error, the function securityfs_create_dir() returns ERR_PTR() and never returns NULL. The NULL test in the return value check should be replaced with IS_ERR(). Fixes: aeca4e2ca65c ("LSM: add SafeSetID module that gates setid calls") Signed-off-by: Wei Yongjun <weiyongjun1@huawei.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-02-05selinux: fix avc audit messagesStephen Smalley1-3/+3
commit a2c513835bb6c6 ("selinux: inline some AVC functions used only once") introduced usage of audit_log_string() in place of audit_log_format() for fixed strings. However, audit_log_string() quotes the string. This breaks the avc audit message format and userspace audit parsers. Switch back to using audit_log_format(). Fixes: a2c513835bb6c6 ("selinux: inline some AVC functions used only once") Signed-off-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
2019-02-05evm: Use defined constant for UUID representationAndy Shevchenko1-2/+1
Instead of sizeof use pre-defined constant for UUID representation. While here, drop the implementation details of uuid_t type. Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
2019-02-05ima: define ima_post_create_tmpfile() hook and add missing callMimi Zohar1-2/+33
If tmpfiles can be made persistent, then newly created tmpfiles need to be treated like any other new files in policy. This patch indicates which newly created tmpfiles are in policy, causing the file hash to be calculated on __fput(). Reported-by: Ignaz Forster <ignaz.forster@gmx.de> [rgoldwyn@suse.com: Call ima_post_create_tmpfile() in vfs_tmpfile() as opposed to do_tmpfile(). This will help the case for overlayfs where copy_up is denied while overwriting a file.] Signed-off-by: Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
2019-02-05evm: remove set but not used variable 'xattr'YueHaibing1-5/+1
Fixes gcc '-Wunused-but-set-variable' warning: security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c: In function 'init_evm': security/integrity/evm/evm_main.c:566:21: warning: variable 'xattr' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] Commit 21af76631476 ("EVM: turn evm_config_xattrnames into a list") defined and set "xattr", but never used it. [zohar@linux.ibm.com: tweaked the patch description explanation] Signed-off-by: YueHaibing <yuehaibing@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
2019-02-05encrypted-keys: fix Opt_err/Opt_error = -1Mimi Zohar1-2/+2
Properly start the enumeration associated with match_table_t at zero, making Opt_err/Opt_error the last enumeration value. Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
2019-02-05integrity, KEYS: add a reference to platform keyringKairui Song1-0/+3
commit 9dc92c45177a ("integrity: Define a trusted platform keyring") introduced a .platform keyring for storing preboot keys, used for verifying kernel image signatures. Currently only IMA-appraisal is able to use the keyring to verify kernel images that have their signature stored in xattr. This patch exposes the .platform keyring, making it accessible for verifying PE signed kernel images as well. Suggested-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Kairui Song <kasong@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> [zohar@linux.ibm.com: fixed checkpatch errors, squashed with patch fix] Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
2019-02-01apparmor: Fix aa_label_build() error handling for failed mergesJohn Johansen1-1/+4
aa_label_merge() can return NULL for memory allocations failures make sure to handle and set the correct error in this case. Reported-by: Peng Hao <peng.hao2@zte.com.cn> Signed-off-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
2019-02-01apparmor: Fix warning about unused function apparmor_ipv6_postroutePetr Vorel1-0/+2
when compiled without CONFIG_IPV6: security/apparmor/lsm.c:1601:21: warning: ‘apparmor_ipv6_postroute’ defined but not used [-Wunused-function] static unsigned int apparmor_ipv6_postroute(void *priv, ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Reported-by: Jordan Glover <Golden_Miller83@protonmail.ch> Tested-by: Jordan Glover <Golden_Miller83@protonmail.ch> Signed-off-by: Petr Vorel <pvorel@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: John Johansen <john.johansen@canonical.com>
2019-02-01audit: remove unused actx param from audit_rule_matchRichard Guy Briggs8-22/+10
The audit_rule_match() struct audit_context *actx parameter is not used by any in-tree consumers (selinux, apparmour, integrity, smack). The audit context is an internal audit structure that should only be accessed by audit accessor functions. It was part of commit 03d37d25e0f9 ("LSM/Audit: Introduce generic Audit LSM hooks") but appears to have never been used. Remove it. Please see the github issue https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-kernel/issues/107 Signed-off-by: Richard Guy Briggs <rgb@redhat.com> [PM: fixed the referenced commit title] Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
2019-01-30LSM: SafeSetID: remove unused includeMicah Morton1-1/+0
The include for asm/syscall.h was needed in a prior version of lsm.c that checked return values of syscall_get_nr, but since we did away with that part of the code this include is no longer necessary. Take out this include since it breaks builds for certain architectures. We no longer have any arch-specific code in SafeSetID. Signed-off-by: Micah Morton <mortonm@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-01-29LSM: SafeSetID: 'depend' on CONFIG_SECURITYMicah Morton1-0/+2
This patch changes the Kconfig file for the SafeSetID LSM to depend on CONFIG_SECURITY as well as select CONFIG_SECURITYFS, since the policies for the LSM are configured through writing to securityfs. Signed-off-by: Micah Morton <mortonm@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.morris@microsoft.com>
2019-01-29selinux: replace BUG_ONs with WARN_ONs in avc.cOndrej Mosnacek1-2/+4
These checks are only guarding against programming errors that could silently grant too many permissions. These cases are better handled with WARN_ON(), since it doesn't really help much to crash the machine in this case. Signed-off-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>