// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * Primary bucket allocation code * * Copyright 2012 Google, Inc. * * Allocation in bcache is done in terms of buckets: * * Each bucket has associated an 8 bit gen; this gen corresponds to the gen in * btree pointers - they must match for the pointer to be considered valid. * * Thus (assuming a bucket has no dirty data or metadata in it) we can reuse a * bucket simply by incrementing its gen. * * The gens (along with the priorities; it's really the gens are important but * the code is named as if it's the priorities) are written in an arbitrary list * of buckets on disk, with a pointer to them in the journal header. * * When we invalidate a bucket, we have to write its new gen to disk and wait * for that write to complete before we use it - otherwise after a crash we * could have pointers that appeared to be good but pointed to data that had * been overwritten. * * Since the gens and priorities are all stored contiguously on disk, we can * batch this up: We fill up the free_inc list with freshly invalidated buckets, * call prio_write(), and when prio_write() finishes we pull buckets off the * free_inc list and optionally discard them. * * free_inc isn't the only freelist - if it was, we'd often have to sleep while * priorities and gens were being written before we could allocate. c->free is a * smaller freelist, and buckets on that list are always ready to be used. * * If we've got discards enabled, that happens when a bucket moves from the * free_inc list to the free list. * * It's important to ensure that gens don't wrap around - with respect to * either the oldest gen in the btree or the gen on disk. This is quite * difficult to do in practice, but we explicitly guard against it anyways - if * a bucket is in danger of wrapping around we simply skip invalidating it that * time around, and we garbage collect or rewrite the priorities sooner than we * would have otherwise. * * bch2_bucket_alloc() allocates a single bucket from a specific device. * * bch2_bucket_alloc_set() allocates one or more buckets from different devices * in a given filesystem. * * invalidate_buckets() drives all the processes described above. It's called * from bch2_bucket_alloc() and a few other places that need to make sure free * buckets are ready. * * invalidate_buckets_(lru|fifo)() find buckets that are available to be * invalidated, and then invalidate them and stick them on the free_inc list - * in either lru or fifo order. */ #include "bcachefs.h" #include "alloc_background.h" #include "alloc_foreground.h" #include "btree_gc.h" #include "buckets.h" #include "clock.h" #include "debug.h" #include "disk_groups.h" #include "io.h" #include "trace.h" #include #include #include enum bucket_alloc_ret { ALLOC_SUCCESS, OPEN_BUCKETS_EMPTY, FREELIST_EMPTY, /* Allocator thread not keeping up */ }; /* * Open buckets represent a bucket that's currently being allocated from. They * serve two purposes: * * - They track buckets that have been partially allocated, allowing for * sub-bucket sized allocations - they're used by the sector allocator below * * - They provide a reference to the buckets they own that mark and sweep GC * can find, until the new allocation has a pointer to it inserted into the * btree * * When allocating some space with the sector allocator, the allocation comes * with a reference to an open bucket - the caller is required to put that * reference _after_ doing the index update that makes its allocation reachable. */ void __bch2_open_bucket_put(struct bch_fs *c, struct open_bucket *ob) { struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ob->ptr.dev); percpu_down_read(&c->usage_lock); spin_lock(&ob->lock); bch2_mark_alloc_bucket(c, ca, PTR_BUCKET_NR(ca, &ob->ptr), false, gc_pos_alloc(c, ob), 0); ob->valid = false; spin_unlock(&ob->lock); percpu_up_read(&c->usage_lock); spin_lock(&c->freelist_lock); ob->freelist = c->open_buckets_freelist; c->open_buckets_freelist = ob - c->open_buckets; c->open_buckets_nr_free++; spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock); closure_wake_up(&c->open_buckets_wait); } static struct open_bucket *bch2_open_bucket_alloc(struct bch_fs *c) { struct open_bucket *ob; BUG_ON(!c->open_buckets_freelist || !c->open_buckets_nr_free); ob = c->open_buckets + c->open_buckets_freelist; c->open_buckets_freelist = ob->freelist; atomic_set(&ob->pin, 1); c->open_buckets_nr_free--; return ob; } static void open_bucket_free_unused(struct bch_fs *c, struct write_point *wp, struct open_bucket *ob) { struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ob->ptr.dev); BUG_ON(ca->open_buckets_partial_nr >= ARRAY_SIZE(ca->open_buckets_partial)); if (wp->type == BCH_DATA_USER) { spin_lock(&c->freelist_lock); ob->on_partial_list = true; ca->open_buckets_partial[ca->open_buckets_partial_nr++] = ob - c->open_buckets; spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock); closure_wake_up(&c->open_buckets_wait); closure_wake_up(&c->freelist_wait); } else { bch2_open_bucket_put(c, ob); } } static void verify_not_stale(struct bch_fs *c, const struct open_buckets *obs) { #ifdef CONFIG_BCACHEFS_DEBUG struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned i; open_bucket_for_each(c, obs, ob, i) { struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ob->ptr.dev); BUG_ON(ptr_stale(ca, &ob->ptr)); } #endif } /* _only_ for allocating the journal on a new device: */ long bch2_bucket_alloc_new_fs(struct bch_dev *ca) { struct bucket_array *buckets; ssize_t b; rcu_read_lock(); buckets = bucket_array(ca); for (b = ca->mi.first_bucket; b < ca->mi.nbuckets; b++) if (is_available_bucket(buckets->b[b].mark)) goto success; b = -1; success: rcu_read_unlock(); return b; } static inline unsigned open_buckets_reserved(enum alloc_reserve reserve) { switch (reserve) { case RESERVE_ALLOC: return 0; case RESERVE_BTREE: return BTREE_NODE_RESERVE / 2; default: return BTREE_NODE_RESERVE; } } /** * bch_bucket_alloc - allocate a single bucket from a specific device * * Returns index of bucket on success, 0 on failure * */ struct open_bucket *bch2_bucket_alloc(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, enum alloc_reserve reserve, bool may_alloc_partial, struct closure *cl) { struct bucket_array *buckets; struct open_bucket *ob; long bucket = 0; spin_lock(&c->freelist_lock); if (may_alloc_partial && ca->open_buckets_partial_nr) { ob = c->open_buckets + ca->open_buckets_partial[--ca->open_buckets_partial_nr]; ob->on_partial_list = false; spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock); return ob; } if (unlikely(c->open_buckets_nr_free <= open_buckets_reserved(reserve))) { if (cl) closure_wait(&c->open_buckets_wait, cl); spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock); trace_open_bucket_alloc_fail(ca, reserve); return ERR_PTR(-OPEN_BUCKETS_EMPTY); } if (likely(fifo_pop(&ca->free[RESERVE_NONE], bucket))) goto out; switch (reserve) { case RESERVE_ALLOC: if (fifo_pop(&ca->free[RESERVE_BTREE], bucket)) goto out; break; case RESERVE_BTREE: if (fifo_used(&ca->free[RESERVE_BTREE]) * 2 >= ca->free[RESERVE_BTREE].size && fifo_pop(&ca->free[RESERVE_BTREE], bucket)) goto out; break; case RESERVE_MOVINGGC: if (fifo_pop(&ca->free[RESERVE_MOVINGGC], bucket)) goto out; break; default: break; } if (cl) closure_wait(&c->freelist_wait, cl); spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock); trace_bucket_alloc_fail(ca, reserve); return ERR_PTR(-FREELIST_EMPTY); out: verify_not_on_freelist(c, ca, bucket); ob = bch2_open_bucket_alloc(c); spin_lock(&ob->lock); buckets = bucket_array(ca); ob->valid = true; ob->sectors_free = ca->mi.bucket_size; ob->ptr = (struct bch_extent_ptr) { .gen = buckets->b[bucket].mark.gen, .offset = bucket_to_sector(ca, bucket), .dev = ca->dev_idx, }; bucket_io_clock_reset(c, ca, bucket, READ); bucket_io_clock_reset(c, ca, bucket, WRITE); spin_unlock(&ob->lock); spin_unlock(&c->freelist_lock); bch2_wake_allocator(ca); trace_bucket_alloc(ca, reserve); return ob; } static int __dev_alloc_cmp(struct write_point *wp, unsigned l, unsigned r) { return ((wp->next_alloc[l] > wp->next_alloc[r]) - (wp->next_alloc[l] < wp->next_alloc[r])); } #define dev_alloc_cmp(l, r) __dev_alloc_cmp(wp, l, r) struct dev_alloc_list bch2_wp_alloc_list(struct bch_fs *c, struct write_point *wp, struct bch_devs_mask *devs) { struct dev_alloc_list ret = { .nr = 0 }; struct bch_dev *ca; unsigned i; for_each_member_device_rcu(ca, c, i, devs) ret.devs[ret.nr++] = i; bubble_sort(ret.devs, ret.nr, dev_alloc_cmp); return ret; } void bch2_wp_rescale(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, struct write_point *wp) { u64 *v = wp->next_alloc + ca->dev_idx; u64 free_space = dev_buckets_free(c, ca); u64 free_space_inv = free_space ? div64_u64(1ULL << 48, free_space) : 1ULL << 48; u64 scale = *v / 4; if (*v + free_space_inv >= *v) *v += free_space_inv; else *v = U64_MAX; for (v = wp->next_alloc; v < wp->next_alloc + ARRAY_SIZE(wp->next_alloc); v++) *v = *v < scale ? 0 : *v - scale; } static int bch2_bucket_alloc_set(struct bch_fs *c, struct open_buckets *ptrs, struct write_point *wp, struct bch_devs_mask *devs_may_alloc, unsigned nr_replicas, unsigned *nr_effective, bool *have_cache, enum alloc_reserve reserve, struct closure *cl) { struct dev_alloc_list devs_sorted = bch2_wp_alloc_list(c, wp, devs_may_alloc); struct bch_dev *ca; bool alloc_failure = false; unsigned i; BUG_ON(*nr_effective >= nr_replicas); for (i = 0; i < devs_sorted.nr; i++) { struct open_bucket *ob; ca = rcu_dereference(c->devs[devs_sorted.devs[i]]); if (!ca) continue; if (!ca->mi.durability && (*have_cache || wp->type != BCH_DATA_USER)) continue; ob = bch2_bucket_alloc(c, ca, reserve, wp->type == BCH_DATA_USER, cl); if (IS_ERR(ob)) { enum bucket_alloc_ret ret = -PTR_ERR(ob); WARN_ON(reserve == RESERVE_MOVINGGC && ret != OPEN_BUCKETS_EMPTY); if (cl) return -EAGAIN; if (ret == OPEN_BUCKETS_EMPTY) return -ENOSPC; alloc_failure = true; continue; } __clear_bit(ca->dev_idx, devs_may_alloc->d); *nr_effective += ca->mi.durability; *have_cache |= !ca->mi.durability; ob_push(c, ptrs, ob); bch2_wp_rescale(c, ca, wp); if (*nr_effective >= nr_replicas) return 0; } return alloc_failure ? -ENOSPC : -EROFS; } /* Sector allocator */ static int get_buckets_from_writepoint(struct bch_fs *c, struct open_buckets *ptrs, struct write_point *wp, struct bch_devs_mask *devs_may_alloc, unsigned nr_replicas, unsigned *nr_effective, bool *have_cache) { struct open_buckets ptrs_skip = { .nr = 0 }; struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned i; open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) { struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ob->ptr.dev); if (*nr_effective < nr_replicas && test_bit(ob->ptr.dev, devs_may_alloc->d) && (ca->mi.durability || (wp->type == BCH_DATA_USER && !*have_cache))) { __clear_bit(ob->ptr.dev, devs_may_alloc->d); *nr_effective += ca->mi.durability; *have_cache |= !ca->mi.durability; ob_push(c, ptrs, ob); } else { ob_push(c, &ptrs_skip, ob); } } wp->ptrs = ptrs_skip; return *nr_effective < nr_replicas ? -ENOSPC : 0; } static int open_bucket_add_buckets(struct bch_fs *c, struct open_buckets *ptrs, struct write_point *wp, struct bch_devs_list *devs_have, u16 target, unsigned nr_replicas, unsigned *nr_effective, bool *have_cache, enum alloc_reserve reserve, struct closure *cl) { struct bch_devs_mask devs; const struct bch_devs_mask *t; struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned i; int ret; percpu_down_read(&c->usage_lock); rcu_read_lock(); devs = c->rw_devs[wp->type]; /* Don't allocate from devices we already have pointers to: */ for (i = 0; i < devs_have->nr; i++) __clear_bit(devs_have->devs[i], devs.d); open_bucket_for_each(c, ptrs, ob, i) __clear_bit(ob->ptr.dev, devs.d); t = bch2_target_to_mask(c, target); if (t) bitmap_and(devs.d, devs.d, t->d, BCH_SB_MEMBERS_MAX); ret = get_buckets_from_writepoint(c, ptrs, wp, &devs, nr_replicas, nr_effective, have_cache); if (!ret) goto out; /* * Try nonblocking first, so that if one device is full we'll try from * other devices: */ ret = bch2_bucket_alloc_set(c, ptrs, wp, &devs, nr_replicas, nr_effective, have_cache, reserve, NULL); if (!ret || ret == -EROFS || !cl) goto out; ret = bch2_bucket_alloc_set(c, ptrs, wp, &devs, nr_replicas, nr_effective, have_cache, reserve, cl); out: rcu_read_unlock(); percpu_up_read(&c->usage_lock); return ret; } void bch2_writepoint_stop(struct bch_fs *c, struct bch_dev *ca, struct write_point *wp) { struct open_buckets ptrs = { .nr = 0 }; struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned i; mutex_lock(&wp->lock); open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) if (!ca || ob->ptr.dev == ca->dev_idx) open_bucket_free_unused(c, wp, ob); else ob_push(c, &ptrs, ob); wp->ptrs = ptrs; mutex_unlock(&wp->lock); } static inline struct hlist_head *writepoint_hash(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned long write_point) { unsigned hash = hash_long(write_point, ilog2(ARRAY_SIZE(c->write_points_hash))); return &c->write_points_hash[hash]; } static struct write_point *__writepoint_find(struct hlist_head *head, unsigned long write_point) { struct write_point *wp; hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(wp, head, node) if (wp->write_point == write_point) return wp; return NULL; } static inline bool too_many_writepoints(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned factor) { u64 stranded = c->write_points_nr * c->bucket_size_max; u64 free = bch2_fs_sectors_free(c, bch2_fs_usage_read(c)); return stranded * factor > free; } static bool try_increase_writepoints(struct bch_fs *c) { struct write_point *wp; if (c->write_points_nr == ARRAY_SIZE(c->write_points) || too_many_writepoints(c, 32)) return false; wp = c->write_points + c->write_points_nr++; hlist_add_head_rcu(&wp->node, writepoint_hash(c, wp->write_point)); return true; } static bool try_decrease_writepoints(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned old_nr) { struct write_point *wp; mutex_lock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); if (c->write_points_nr < old_nr) { mutex_unlock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); return true; } if (c->write_points_nr == 1 || !too_many_writepoints(c, 8)) { mutex_unlock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); return false; } wp = c->write_points + --c->write_points_nr; hlist_del_rcu(&wp->node); mutex_unlock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); bch2_writepoint_stop(c, NULL, wp); return true; } static struct write_point *writepoint_find(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned long write_point) { struct write_point *wp, *oldest; struct hlist_head *head; if (!(write_point & 1UL)) { wp = (struct write_point *) write_point; mutex_lock(&wp->lock); return wp; } head = writepoint_hash(c, write_point); restart_find: wp = __writepoint_find(head, write_point); if (wp) { lock_wp: mutex_lock(&wp->lock); if (wp->write_point == write_point) goto out; mutex_unlock(&wp->lock); goto restart_find; } restart_find_oldest: oldest = NULL; for (wp = c->write_points; wp < c->write_points + c->write_points_nr; wp++) if (!oldest || time_before64(wp->last_used, oldest->last_used)) oldest = wp; mutex_lock(&oldest->lock); mutex_lock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); if (oldest >= c->write_points + c->write_points_nr || try_increase_writepoints(c)) { mutex_unlock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); mutex_unlock(&oldest->lock); goto restart_find_oldest; } wp = __writepoint_find(head, write_point); if (wp && wp != oldest) { mutex_unlock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); mutex_unlock(&oldest->lock); goto lock_wp; } wp = oldest; hlist_del_rcu(&wp->node); wp->write_point = write_point; hlist_add_head_rcu(&wp->node, head); mutex_unlock(&c->write_points_hash_lock); out: wp->last_used = sched_clock(); return wp; } /* * Get us an open_bucket we can allocate from, return with it locked: */ struct write_point *bch2_alloc_sectors_start(struct bch_fs *c, unsigned target, struct write_point_specifier write_point, struct bch_devs_list *devs_have, unsigned nr_replicas, unsigned nr_replicas_required, enum alloc_reserve reserve, unsigned flags, struct closure *cl) { struct write_point *wp; struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned nr_effective = 0; struct open_buckets ptrs = { .nr = 0 }; bool have_cache = false; unsigned write_points_nr; int ret = 0, i; BUG_ON(!nr_replicas || !nr_replicas_required); retry: write_points_nr = c->write_points_nr; wp = writepoint_find(c, write_point.v); if (!target || (flags & BCH_WRITE_ONLY_SPECIFIED_DEVS)) { ret = open_bucket_add_buckets(c, &ptrs, wp, devs_have, target, nr_replicas, &nr_effective, &have_cache, reserve, cl); } else { ret = open_bucket_add_buckets(c, &ptrs, wp, devs_have, target, nr_replicas, &nr_effective, &have_cache, reserve, NULL); if (!ret) goto alloc_done; ret = open_bucket_add_buckets(c, &ptrs, wp, devs_have, 0, nr_replicas, &nr_effective, &have_cache, reserve, cl); } alloc_done: BUG_ON(!ret && nr_effective < nr_replicas); if (ret == -EROFS && nr_effective >= nr_replicas_required) ret = 0; if (ret) goto err; /* Free buckets we didn't use: */ open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) open_bucket_free_unused(c, wp, ob); wp->ptrs = ptrs; wp->sectors_free = UINT_MAX; open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) wp->sectors_free = min(wp->sectors_free, ob->sectors_free); BUG_ON(!wp->sectors_free || wp->sectors_free == UINT_MAX); verify_not_stale(c, &wp->ptrs); return wp; err: open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) if (ptrs.nr < ARRAY_SIZE(ptrs.v)) ob_push(c, &ptrs, ob); else open_bucket_free_unused(c, wp, ob); wp->ptrs = ptrs; mutex_unlock(&wp->lock); if (ret == -ENOSPC && try_decrease_writepoints(c, write_points_nr)) goto retry; return ERR_PTR(ret); } /* * Append pointers to the space we just allocated to @k, and mark @sectors space * as allocated out of @ob */ void bch2_alloc_sectors_append_ptrs(struct bch_fs *c, struct write_point *wp, struct bkey_i_extent *e, unsigned sectors) { struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned i; BUG_ON(sectors > wp->sectors_free); wp->sectors_free -= sectors; open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) { struct bch_dev *ca = bch_dev_bkey_exists(c, ob->ptr.dev); struct bch_extent_ptr tmp = ob->ptr; EBUG_ON(bch2_extent_has_device(extent_i_to_s_c(e), ob->ptr.dev)); tmp.cached = bkey_extent_is_cached(&e->k) || (!ca->mi.durability && wp->type == BCH_DATA_USER); tmp.offset += ca->mi.bucket_size - ob->sectors_free; extent_ptr_append(e, tmp); BUG_ON(sectors > ob->sectors_free); ob->sectors_free -= sectors; } } /* * Append pointers to the space we just allocated to @k, and mark @sectors space * as allocated out of @ob */ void bch2_alloc_sectors_done(struct bch_fs *c, struct write_point *wp) { struct open_buckets ptrs = { .nr = 0 }, keep = { .nr = 0 }; struct open_bucket *ob; unsigned i; open_bucket_for_each(c, &wp->ptrs, ob, i) ob_push(c, !ob->sectors_free ? &ptrs : &keep, ob); wp->ptrs = keep; mutex_unlock(&wp->lock); bch2_open_buckets_put(c, &ptrs); } void bch2_fs_allocator_foreground_init(struct bch_fs *c) { struct open_bucket *ob; struct write_point *wp; mutex_init(&c->write_points_hash_lock); c->write_points_nr = ARRAY_SIZE(c->write_points); /* open bucket 0 is a sentinal NULL: */ spin_lock_init(&c->open_buckets[0].lock); for (ob = c->open_buckets + 1; ob < c->open_buckets + ARRAY_SIZE(c->open_buckets); ob++) { spin_lock_init(&ob->lock); c->open_buckets_nr_free++; ob->freelist = c->open_buckets_freelist; c->open_buckets_freelist = ob - c->open_buckets; } writepoint_init(&c->btree_write_point, BCH_DATA_BTREE); writepoint_init(&c->rebalance_write_point, BCH_DATA_USER); for (wp = c->write_points; wp < c->write_points + c->write_points_nr; wp++) { writepoint_init(wp, BCH_DATA_USER); wp->last_used = sched_clock(); wp->write_point = (unsigned long) wp; hlist_add_head_rcu(&wp->node, writepoint_hash(c, wp->write_point)); } }