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authorRasmus Andersson <rasmus@notion.se>2017-08-22 20:23:13 +0300
committerRasmus Andersson <rasmus@notion.se>2017-08-22 20:28:57 +0300
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+# Contributing to the Interface font project
+
+First off, thank you for considering contributing to Interface.
+It's people like you that make the Internet such a great place.
+
+Following these guidelines helps to communicate that you respect the time of
+the people managing and developing this open source project.
+In return, they should reciprocate that respect in addressing your issue or
+suggestion.
+
+By contributing work to the Interface font project you agree to have all work
+contributed becoming the intellectual property of the Interface font project as
+described by [SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1](http://scripts.sil.org/OFL)
+
+
+## Types of contributions this project is looking for
+
+Interface is still an early product and so there is a lot of fun things to do.
+
+- More glyphs! There are many placeholder glyphs that need to be replaced with
+ ones designed in the style of Interface.
+ - Non-English glyphs are especially needed
+
+- Improvements and corrections to existing glyphs
+
+- Kerning, kerning, kerning — there are so many pairs and pairs-in-words that
+ need to be kerned, or have their kerning improved. When adding kerning, try
+ to use `@GROUPS` (groups.plist in the UFO source directories.)
+
+- A thin "master" font that can additionally be used to derive interpolated
+ weights in between "regular" and "thin." This is a very large project and
+ should probably be done in a branch over a longer period of time, rather than
+ as one huge contribution/pull request.
+
+
+### Master fonts and interpolated derivatives
+
+This project uses "master fonts", or "key fonts" which are combined using
+some clever math to generate other fonts that is a "mix" of two "masters."
+Because of this, there are some **very important rules** you must stick to:
+
+- When adding or removing a glyph, you _must_ add or remove the same glyph in
+ all master fonts.
+- When modifying a glyph's contours, the corresponding glyphs in all masters must:
+ - Have the same amount of contours (aka "shapes")
+ - Have the same amount of points in roughly the same locations
+ - Each point must have the same amount and kind of handles
+ - Each contour's winding direction must match
+
+Unless these rules are followed, generated weights will fail to build.
+If you are uncertain, simply try building a generated weight like "Medium" — the
+build system will tell you when a glyph fails to "mix" with an error message.
+
+To make life a little easier when working on glyphs, the build system will not stop
+if there's a glyph-mixing error, but instead just pick a glyph from one of the
+master weights and continue. For this reason you need to look at the output from
+the build system and watch out for "mix glyph" error messages.
+
+
+### Generated glyphs
+
+Many glyphs which are based on basic latin characters are generated by composing
+other glyphs. These are defined in `src/diacritics.txt` where each line of the
+file defines one "composition" that names a base glyph followed by the name of
+one or more additional glyphs, followed by anchor names which are used for alignment.
+
+For example `Ά` U+0386 "GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS" is composed from
+`A` and `tonos`, aligned on the "tonos" anchor.
+It's defined like this in `src/diacritics.txt`:
+
+```
+A+tonos:tonos=Alphatonos
+```
+
+"Alphatonos" is a glyph name defined in `src/glyphlist.txt` which maps names to
+Unicode code points.
+
+When you see a name starting with "uni" followed by some hexadecimal digits, that
+means no symbolic name has been assigned to that glyph, but it maps to a Unicode
+code point. For instance:
+
+```
+E+grave:top=uni0400
+```
+
+Creates Composes `Ѐ` U+0400 "CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE"
+from "E" and "grave" aligned on the "top" anchor.
+
+If we were to introduce a glyph named `uni0400` into the UFO source file, that
+glyph would be used instead of the composition when a font is built. This allows
+us to define a "baseline" of glyph compositions in `src/diacritics.txt` and then
+progressively introduce specially-designed glyphs on a per font basis.
+
+When doing this, you still have to be careful about the [master interpolation rules](#master-fonts-and-interpolated-derivatives).
+
+
+### `src/fontbuild.cfg`
+
+`src/fontbuild.cfg` defines a lot of things that directs the font build system.
+
+- What glyphs to decompose (flatten; remove components)
+- What glyphs should have a lesser italic angle when generating italic fonts
+- What glyphs shouldn't be italicized at all when generating italic fonts
+- What glyphs should be _excluded_ (or "removed") from resulting font files
+ (some glyphs are only used as components and don't correspond to an actual
+ glyph in the end-result font file.)
+- Other information, like version, author, build system cache directory, etc.
+
+
+## Building
+
+Prerequisites:
+
+- Python 2.7 with pip (you get pip with `brew install python`)
+- [virtualenv](https://virtualenv.pypa.io/)
+
+```
+$ ./init.sh
+```
+
+This will generate makefile support, dependencies required by the toolchain, etc.
+At the end, the script prints instructions for how to activate `virtualenv`.
+As a convenience, you can also source init.sh to activate virtualenv.
+
+We can now run `make` to build all font files:
+
+```
+$ make
+```
+
+Or just specific styles:
+
+```
+$ make Regular BoldItalic
+```
+
+Or all fonts but only TrueType format (no web file formats):
+
+```
+$ make all_ttf
+```
+
+Or just specific styles and formats:
+
+```
+# Regular in all formats, BoldItalic in only TrueType format
+$ make Regular BoldItalic_ttf
+```
+
+You can also specify specific style + file format to `make` through `build/Interface-STYLE.FORMAT`.
+E.g.
+
+- `make build/Interface-MediumItalic.eot`
+- `make build/Interface-Bold.woff2`
+- `make build/Interface-Regular.ttf`
+- `...`
+
+All resulting font files are written to the `build` directory with `Interface-` as the filename prefix.
+
+Note: Making all files takes a considerable amount of time.
+It's a CPU and I/O intensive task to compile the fonts and so the build system has been setup to
+be able to run many jobs in parallel. Therefore it's recommended to pass the [`-j` flag to make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Parallel.html) and
+optionally pipe the fairly verbose output to /dev/null, e.g. `make -j 8 >/dev/null`.
+
+
+### Editing
+
+This font is stored and authored in the [Unified Font Object (UFO)](http://unifiedfontobject.org/) file format and can be edited by many different software, some free. However, it's only been "tested" with [RoboFont](http://robofont.com/) which is a popular commercial font editor. There's a 30 day fully-functional free trial version of the app, so you can use it for smaller contributions without needing to buy a RoboFont license.
+
+To make life easier for you, configure RoboFont's settings like this:
+
+- Set the grid to 128 units. This means that each grid square equals one pixel at 2x scale.
+- Set "Snap points to" to a reasonably high number that's a power-of-two, like 8.
+- Set "SHIFT increment" to 16
+- Set "CMD SHIFT increment" to 128
+
+When you've made an edit, simply save your changes and run make:
+
+```
+$ make
+```
+
+*For quick turnaround, consider:*
+
+- Build and test only the "Regular" style.
+- Use `misc/notify` to get desktop notifications on builds so that you don't have to sit and wait looking at the terminal while it's building.
+
+E.g. `misc/notify make Regular`
+
+See ["Building"](#Building) for more details.
+
+
+### Preview & debug
+
+This project comes with a simple web-based application for debugging and
+previewing the font. It's a very useful tool to have when working on the font.
+
+- Comes with a large body of sample text data (which is also editable.)
+- Provides samples of the most common latin-script pairs, useful for kerning.
+- Provides samples of words ordered by commonality in latin scripts with a
+ preference for English (accessible via common-pair samples.)
+- Can show the complete repertoire of the fonts, with correct glyph order and
+ even RoboFont color labels ("marks").
+- Controls for basic font properties like family, weight, italic, size,
+ line-height, letter-spacing, etc.
+- Controls for a lot of font features like ligature sets, contextual alternates,
+ alternate numerics, etc.
+- Controls for web-browser text features like `capitalize`, `uppercase`,
+ `lowercase`, etc.
+- Ability to compare Interface side-by-side with other fonts.
+
+![Preview app screenshot](docs/res/preview-app.png)
+
+The following will start a local web server (which is only accessible from your local computer; not the internet) that serves the debug-and-preview app:
+
+```
+$ docs/serve.sh &
+```
+
+You can now visit `http://localhost:2015/lab/`.
+After you rebuild some font files, reload the web page to refresh fonts.
+
+
+## FAQ
+
+> Do I need RoboFont?
+
+No, you don't. To build font files, all you need is Python. To edit the font files, you need something that can edit UFO files (like [RoboFont](http://robofont.com/) or a text editor.)
+
+
+> `KeyError: 'Lj'` when building
+
+This probably means that you need to run `./init.sh` to setup the case-sensitive virtual file system mount that is needed by the font build system. Unfortunately the toolchain used (which is the same as for Roboto) requires not only a case-preserving file system, but also a case-sensitive one.
+
+
+> `ImportError: No module named robofab.objects.objectsRF`
+
+Python virtualenv not configured. Run `. init.sh`
+
+
+> `make: *** No rule to make target ...`
+
+Run `./init.sh` to update the generated makefile.
+