Merge branch 'bpf-link-support-for-tc-bpf-programs'

Daniel Borkmann says:

====================
BPF link support for tc BPF programs

This series adds BPF link support for tc BPF programs. We initially
presented the motivation, related work and design at last year's LPC
conference in the networking & BPF track [0], and a recent update on
our progress of the rework during this year's LSF/MM/BPF summit [1].
The main changes are in first two patches and the last two have an
extensive batch of test cases we developed along with it, please see
individual patches for details. We tested this series with tc-testing
selftest suite as well as BPF CI/selftests. Thanks!

v5 -> v6:
  - Remove export symbol on tcx_inc/dec (Jakub)
  - Treat fd==0 as invalid (Stan, Alexei)
v4 -> v5:
  - Updated bpftool docs and usage of bpftool net (Quentin)
  - Consistent dump "prog id"/"link id" -> "prog_id"/"link_id" (Quentin)
  - Reworked bpftool flag output handling (Quentin)
  - LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET() macro with varargs for reinit (Andrii)
  - libbpf opts/link bail out on relative_fd && relative_id (Andrii)
  - libbpf improvements for assigning attr.relative_{id,fd} (Andrii)
  - libbpf sorting in libbpf.map (Andrii)
  - libbpf move ifindex to bpf_program__attach_tcx param (Andrii)
  - libbpf move BPF_F_ID flag handling to bpf_link_create (Andrii)
  - bpf_program_attach_fd with tcx instead of tc (Andrii)
  - Reworking kernel-internal bpf_mprog API (Alexei, Andrii)
  - Change "object" notation to "id_or_fd" (Andrii)
  - Remove on stack cpp[BPF_MPROG_MAX] and switch to memmove (Andrii)
  - Simplify bpf_mprog_{insert,delete} and add comment on internals
  - Get rid of BPF_MPROG_* return codes (Alexei, Andrii)
v3 -> v4:
  - Fix bpftool output to display tcx/{ingress,egress} (Stan)
  - Documentation around API, BPF_MPROG_* return codes and locking
    expectations (Stan, Alexei)
  - Change _after and _before to have the same semantics for return
    value (Alexei)
  - Rework mprog initialization and move allocation/free one layer
    up into tcx to simplify the code (Stan)
  - Add comment on synchronize_rcu and parent->ref (Stan)
  - Add comment on bpf_mprog_pos_() helpers wrt target position (Stan)
v2 -> v3:
  - Removal of BPF_F_FIRST/BPF_F_LAST from control UAPI (Toke, Stan)
  - Along with that full rework of bpf_mprog internals to simplify
    dependency management, looks much nicer now imho
  - Just single bpf_mprog_cp instead of two (Andrii)
  - atomic64_t for revision counter (Andrii)
  - Evaluate target position and reject on conflicts (Andrii)
  - Keep track of actual count in bpf_mprob_bundle (Andrii)
  - Make combo of REPLACE and BEFORE/AFTER work (Andrii)
  - Moved miniq as first struct member (Jamal)
  - Rework tcx_link_attach with regards to rtnl (Jakub, Andrii)
  - Moved wrappers after bpf_prog_detach_ops (Andrii)
  - Removed union for relative_fd and friends for opts and link in
    libbpf (Andrii)
  - Add doc comments to attach/detach/query libbpf APIs (Andrii)
  - Dropped SEC_ATTACHABLE_OPT (Andrii)
  - Add an OPTS_ZEROED check to bpf_link_create (Andrii)
  - Keep opts as the last argument in bpf_program_attach_fd (Andrii)
  - Rework bpf_program_attach_fd (Andrii)
  - Remove OPTS_GET before we checked OPTS_VALID in
    bpf_program__attach_tcx (Andrii)
  - Add `size_t :0;` to prevent compiler from leaving garbage (Andrii)
  - Add helper macro to clear opts structs which I found useful
    when writing tests
  - Rework of both opts and link test cases to accommodate for changes
v1 -> v2:
  - Rework of almost entire series to remove prio from UAPI and switch
    to better control directives BPF_F_FIRST/BPF_F_LAST/BPF_F_BEFORE/
    BPF_F_AFTER (Alexei, Toke, Stan, Andrii)
  - Addition of big test suite to cover all corner cases

  [0] https://lpc.events/event/16/contributions/1353/
  [1] http://vger.kernel.org/bpfconf2023_material/tcx_meta_netdev_borkmann.pdf
====================

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230719140858.13224-1-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

14 files changed, 4371 insertions, 92 deletions

diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/Documentation/bpftool-net.rst b/tools/bpf/bpftool/Documentation/bpftool-net.rst
index f4e0a516335a..5e2abd3de5ab 100644
--- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/Documentation/bpftool-net.rst
+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/Documentation/bpftool-net.rst
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 bpftool-net
 ================
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-tool for inspection of netdev/tc related bpf prog attachments
+tool for inspection of networking related bpf prog attachments
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 :Manual section: 8
@@ -37,10 +37,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
 	**bpftool net { show | list }** [ **dev** *NAME* ]
 		  List bpf program attachments in the kernel networking subsystem.
 
-		  Currently, only device driver xdp attachments and tc filter
-		  classification/action attachments are implemented, i.e., for
-		  program types **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS**,
-		  **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT** and **BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP**.
+		  Currently, device driver xdp attachments, tcx and old-style tc
+		  classifier/action attachments, flow_dissector as well as netfilter
+		  attachments are implemented, i.e., for
+		  program types **BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP**, **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS**,
+		  **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT**, **BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR**,
+		  **BPF_PROG_TYPE_NETFILTER**.
+
 		  For programs attached to a particular cgroup, e.g.,
 		  **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB**, **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK**,
 		  **BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS** and **BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR**,
@@ -49,12 +52,13 @@ DESCRIPTION
 		  bpf programs, users should consult other tools, e.g., iproute2.
 
 		  The current output will start with all xdp program attachments, followed by
-		  all tc class/qdisc bpf program attachments. Both xdp programs and
-		  tc programs are ordered based on ifindex number. If multiple bpf
-		  programs attached to the same networking device through **tc filter**,
-		  the order will be first all bpf programs attached to tc classes, then
-		  all bpf programs attached to non clsact qdiscs, and finally all
-		  bpf programs attached to root and clsact qdisc.
+		  all tcx, then tc class/qdisc bpf program attachments, then flow_dissector
+		  and finally netfilter programs. Both xdp programs and tcx/tc programs are
+		  ordered based on ifindex number. If multiple bpf programs attached
+		  to the same networking device through **tc**, the order will be first
+		  all bpf programs attached to tcx, then tc classes, then all bpf programs
+		  attached to non clsact qdiscs, and finally all bpf programs attached
+		  to root and clsact qdisc.
 
 	**bpftool** **net attach** *ATTACH_TYPE* *PROG* **dev** *NAME* [ **overwrite** ]
 		  Attach bpf program *PROG* to network interface *NAME* with
diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/net.c b/tools/bpf/bpftool/net.c
index 26a49965bf71..66a8ce8ae012 100644
--- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/net.c
+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/net.c
@@ -76,6 +76,11 @@ static const char * const attach_type_strings[] = {
 	[NET_ATTACH_TYPE_XDP_OFFLOAD]	= "xdpoffload",
 };
 
+static const char * const attach_loc_strings[] = {
+	[BPF_TCX_INGRESS]		= "tcx/ingress",
+	[BPF_TCX_EGRESS]		= "tcx/egress",
+};
+
 const size_t net_attach_type_size = ARRAY_SIZE(attach_type_strings);
 
 static enum net_attach_type parse_attach_type(const char *str)
@@ -422,8 +427,89 @@ static int dump_filter_nlmsg(void *cookie, void *msg, struct nlattr **tb)
 			      filter_info->devname, filter_info->ifindex);
 }
 
-static int show_dev_tc_bpf(int sock, unsigned int nl_pid,
-			   struct ip_devname_ifindex *dev)
+static int __show_dev_tc_bpf_name(__u32 id, char *name, size_t len)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info info = {};
+	__u32 ilen = sizeof(info);
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = bpf_prog_get_fd_by_id(id);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return fd;
+	ret = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &info, &ilen);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+	ret = -ENOENT;
+	if (info.name[0]) {
+		get_prog_full_name(&info, fd, name, len);
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void __show_dev_tc_bpf(const struct ip_devname_ifindex *dev,
+			      const enum bpf_attach_type loc)
+{
+	__u32 prog_flags[64] = {}, link_flags[64] = {}, i, j;
+	__u32 prog_ids[64] = {}, link_ids[64] = {};
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	char prog_name[MAX_PROG_FULL_NAME];
+	int ret;
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.prog_attach_flags = prog_flags;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+	optq.link_attach_flags = link_flags;
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	ret = bpf_prog_query_opts(dev->ifindex, loc, &optq);
+	if (ret)
+		return;
+	for (i = 0; i < optq.count; i++) {
+		NET_START_OBJECT;
+		NET_DUMP_STR("devname", "%s", dev->devname);
+		NET_DUMP_UINT("ifindex", "(%u)", dev->ifindex);
+		NET_DUMP_STR("kind", " %s", attach_loc_strings[loc]);
+		ret = __show_dev_tc_bpf_name(prog_ids[i], prog_name,
+					     sizeof(prog_name));
+		if (!ret)
+			NET_DUMP_STR("name", " %s", prog_name);
+		NET_DUMP_UINT("prog_id", " prog_id %u ", prog_ids[i]);
+		if (prog_flags[i] || json_output) {
+			NET_START_ARRAY("prog_flags", "%s ");
+			for (j = 0; prog_flags[i] && j < 32; j++) {
+				if (!(prog_flags[i] & (1 << j)))
+					continue;
+				NET_DUMP_UINT_ONLY(1 << j);
+			}
+			NET_END_ARRAY("");
+		}
+		if (link_ids[i] || json_output) {
+			NET_DUMP_UINT("link_id", "link_id %u ", link_ids[i]);
+			if (link_flags[i] || json_output) {
+				NET_START_ARRAY("link_flags", "%s ");
+				for (j = 0; link_flags[i] && j < 32; j++) {
+					if (!(link_flags[i] & (1 << j)))
+						continue;
+					NET_DUMP_UINT_ONLY(1 << j);
+				}
+				NET_END_ARRAY("");
+			}
+		}
+		NET_END_OBJECT_FINAL;
+	}
+}
+
+static void show_dev_tc_bpf(struct ip_devname_ifindex *dev)
+{
+	__show_dev_tc_bpf(dev, BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	__show_dev_tc_bpf(dev, BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static int show_dev_tc_bpf_classic(int sock, unsigned int nl_pid,
+				   struct ip_devname_ifindex *dev)
 {
 	struct bpf_filter_t filter_info;
 	struct bpf_tcinfo_t tcinfo;
@@ -790,8 +876,9 @@ static int do_show(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (!ret) {
 		NET_START_ARRAY("tc", "%s:\n");
 		for (i = 0; i < dev_array.used_len; i++) {
-			ret = show_dev_tc_bpf(sock, nl_pid,
-					      &dev_array.devices[i]);
+			show_dev_tc_bpf(&dev_array.devices[i]);
+			ret = show_dev_tc_bpf_classic(sock, nl_pid,
+						      &dev_array.devices[i]);
 			if (ret)
 				break;
 		}
@@ -839,7 +926,8 @@ static int do_help(int argc, char **argv)
 		"       ATTACH_TYPE := { xdp | xdpgeneric | xdpdrv | xdpoffload }\n"
 		"       " HELP_SPEC_OPTIONS " }\n"
 		"\n"
-		"Note: Only xdp and tc attachments are supported now.\n"
+		"Note: Only xdp, tcx, tc, flow_dissector and netfilter attachments\n"
+		"      are currently supported.\n"
 		"      For progs attached to cgroups, use \"bpftool cgroup\"\n"
 		"      to dump program attachments. For program types\n"
 		"      sk_{filter,skb,msg,reuseport} and lwt/seg6, please\n"
diff --git a/tools/bpf/bpftool/netlink_dumper.h b/tools/bpf/bpftool/netlink_dumper.h
index 774af6c62ef5..96318106fb49 100644
--- a/tools/bpf/bpftool/netlink_dumper.h
+++ b/tools/bpf/bpftool/netlink_dumper.h
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@
 		fprintf(stdout, fmt_str, val);		\
 }
 
+#define NET_DUMP_UINT_ONLY(str)				\
+{							\
+	if (json_output)				\
+		jsonw_uint(json_wtr, str);		\
+	else						\
+		fprintf(stdout, "%u ", str);		\
+}
+
 #define NET_DUMP_STR(name, fmt_str, str)		\
 {							\
 	if (json_output)				\
diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index 600d0caebbd8..47b76925189f 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -1036,6 +1036,8 @@ enum bpf_attach_type {
 	BPF_LSM_CGROUP,
 	BPF_STRUCT_OPS,
 	BPF_NETFILTER,
+	BPF_TCX_INGRESS,
+	BPF_TCX_EGRESS,
 	__MAX_BPF_ATTACH_TYPE
 };
 
@@ -1053,7 +1055,7 @@ enum bpf_link_type {
 	BPF_LINK_TYPE_KPROBE_MULTI = 8,
 	BPF_LINK_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS = 9,
 	BPF_LINK_TYPE_NETFILTER = 10,
-
+	BPF_LINK_TYPE_TCX = 11,
 	MAX_BPF_LINK_TYPE,
 };
 
@@ -1113,7 +1115,12 @@ enum bpf_perf_event_type {
  */
 #define BPF_F_ALLOW_OVERRIDE	(1U << 0)
 #define BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI	(1U << 1)
+/* Generic attachment flags. */
 #define BPF_F_REPLACE		(1U << 2)
+#define BPF_F_BEFORE		(1U << 3)
+#define BPF_F_AFTER		(1U << 4)
+#define BPF_F_ID		(1U << 5)
+#define BPF_F_LINK		BPF_F_LINK /* 1 << 13 */
 
 /* If BPF_F_STRICT_ALIGNMENT is used in BPF_PROG_LOAD command, the
  * verifier will perform strict alignment checking as if the kernel
@@ -1444,14 +1451,19 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	};
 
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_ATTACH/DETACH commands */
-		__u32		target_fd;	/* container object to attach to */
-		__u32		attach_bpf_fd;	/* eBPF program to attach */
+		union {
+			__u32	target_fd;	/* target object to attach to or ... */
+			__u32	target_ifindex;	/* target ifindex */
+		};
+		__u32		attach_bpf_fd;
 		__u32		attach_type;
 		__u32		attach_flags;
-		__u32		replace_bpf_fd;	/* previously attached eBPF
-						 * program to replace if
-						 * BPF_F_REPLACE is used
-						 */
+		__u32		replace_bpf_fd;
+		union {
+			__u32	relative_fd;
+			__u32	relative_id;
+		};
+		__u64		expected_revision;
 	};
 
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN command */
@@ -1497,16 +1509,26 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	} info;
 
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_PROG_QUERY command */
-		__u32		target_fd;	/* container object to query */
+		union {
+			__u32	target_fd;	/* target object to query or ... */
+			__u32	target_ifindex;	/* target ifindex */
+		};
 		__u32		attach_type;
 		__u32		query_flags;
 		__u32		attach_flags;
 		__aligned_u64	prog_ids;
-		__u32		prog_cnt;
+		union {
+			__u32	prog_cnt;
+			__u32	count;
+		};
+		__u32		:32;
 		/* output: per-program attach_flags.
 		 * not allowed to be set during effective query.
 		 */
 		__aligned_u64	prog_attach_flags;
+		__aligned_u64	link_ids;
+		__aligned_u64	link_attach_flags;
+		__u64		revision;
 	} query;
 
 	struct { /* anonymous struct used by BPF_RAW_TRACEPOINT_OPEN command */
@@ -1549,13 +1571,13 @@ union bpf_attr {
 			__u32		map_fd;		/* struct_ops to attach */
 		};
 		union {
-			__u32		target_fd;	/* object to attach to */
-			__u32		target_ifindex; /* target ifindex */
+			__u32	target_fd;	/* target object to attach to or ... */
+			__u32	target_ifindex; /* target ifindex */
 		};
 		__u32		attach_type;	/* attach type */
 		__u32		flags;		/* extra flags */
 		union {
-			__u32		target_btf_id;	/* btf_id of target to attach to */
+			__u32	target_btf_id;	/* btf_id of target to attach to */
 			struct {
 				__aligned_u64	iter_info;	/* extra bpf_iter_link_info */
 				__u32		iter_info_len;	/* iter_info length */
@@ -1589,6 +1611,13 @@ union bpf_attr {
 				__s32		priority;
 				__u32		flags;
 			} netfilter;
+			struct {
+				union {
+					__u32	relative_fd;
+					__u32	relative_id;
+				};
+				__u64		expected_revision;
+			} tcx;
 		};
 	} link_create;
 
@@ -6197,6 +6226,19 @@ struct bpf_sock_tuple {
 	};
 };
 
+/* (Simplified) user return codes for tcx prog type.
+ * A valid tcx program must return one of these defined values. All other
+ * return codes are reserved for future use. Must remain compatible with
+ * their TC_ACT_* counter-parts. For compatibility in behavior, unknown
+ * return codes are mapped to TCX_NEXT.
+ */
+enum tcx_action_base {
+	TCX_NEXT	= -1,
+	TCX_PASS	= 0,
+	TCX_DROP	= 2,
+	TCX_REDIRECT	= 7,
+};
+
 struct bpf_xdp_sock {
 	__u32 queue_id;
 };
@@ -6479,6 +6521,10 @@ struct bpf_link_info {
 				} event; /* BPF_PERF_EVENT_EVENT */
 			};
 		} perf_event;
+		struct {
+			__u32 ifindex;
+			__u32 attach_type;
+		} tcx;
 	};
 } __attribute__((aligned(8)));
 
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c
index 3b0da19715e1..c9b6b311a441 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.c
@@ -629,55 +629,89 @@ int bpf_prog_attach(int prog_fd, int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type,
 	return bpf_prog_attach_opts(prog_fd, target_fd, type, &opts);
 }
 
-int bpf_prog_attach_opts(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
-			  enum bpf_attach_type type,
-			  const struct bpf_prog_attach_opts *opts)
+int bpf_prog_attach_opts(int prog_fd, int target, enum bpf_attach_type type,
+			 const struct bpf_prog_attach_opts *opts)
 {
-	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, replace_bpf_fd);
+	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, expected_revision);
+	__u32 relative_id, flags;
+	int ret, relative_fd;
 	union bpf_attr attr;
-	int ret;
 
 	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_prog_attach_opts))
 		return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
 
+	relative_id = OPTS_GET(opts, relative_id, 0);
+	relative_fd = OPTS_GET(opts, relative_fd, 0);
+	flags = OPTS_GET(opts, flags, 0);
+
+	/* validate we don't have unexpected combinations of non-zero fields */
+	if (relative_fd && relative_id)
+		return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
+
 	memset(&attr, 0, attr_sz);
-	attr.target_fd	   = target_fd;
-	attr.attach_bpf_fd = prog_fd;
-	attr.attach_type   = type;
-	attr.attach_flags  = OPTS_GET(opts, flags, 0);
-	attr.replace_bpf_fd = OPTS_GET(opts, replace_prog_fd, 0);
+	attr.target_fd		= target;
+	attr.attach_bpf_fd	= prog_fd;
+	attr.attach_type	= type;
+	attr.replace_bpf_fd	= OPTS_GET(opts, replace_fd, 0);
+	attr.expected_revision	= OPTS_GET(opts, expected_revision, 0);
+
+	if (relative_id) {
+		attr.attach_flags = flags | BPF_F_ID;
+		attr.relative_id  = relative_id;
+	} else {
+		attr.attach_flags = flags;
+		attr.relative_fd  = relative_fd;
+	}
 
 	ret = sys_bpf(BPF_PROG_ATTACH, &attr, attr_sz);
 	return libbpf_err_errno(ret);
 }
 
-int bpf_prog_detach(int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
+int bpf_prog_detach_opts(int prog_fd, int target, enum bpf_attach_type type,
+			 const struct bpf_prog_detach_opts *opts)
 {
-	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, replace_bpf_fd);
+	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, expected_revision);
+	__u32 relative_id, flags;
+	int ret, relative_fd;
 	union bpf_attr attr;
-	int ret;
+
+	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_prog_detach_opts))
+		return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
+
+	relative_id = OPTS_GET(opts, relative_id, 0);
+	relative_fd = OPTS_GET(opts, relative_fd, 0);
+	flags = OPTS_GET(opts, flags, 0);
+
+	/* validate we don't have unexpected combinations of non-zero fields */
+	if (relative_fd && relative_id)
+		return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
 
 	memset(&attr, 0, attr_sz);
-	attr.target_fd	 = target_fd;
-	attr.attach_type = type;
+	attr.target_fd		= target;
+	attr.attach_bpf_fd	= prog_fd;
+	attr.attach_type	= type;
+	attr.expected_revision	= OPTS_GET(opts, expected_revision, 0);
+
+	if (relative_id) {
+		attr.attach_flags = flags | BPF_F_ID;
+		attr.relative_id  = relative_id;
+	} else {
+		attr.attach_flags = flags;
+		attr.relative_fd  = relative_fd;
+	}
 
 	ret = sys_bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, &attr, attr_sz);
 	return libbpf_err_errno(ret);
 }
 
-int bpf_prog_detach2(int prog_fd, int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
+int bpf_prog_detach(int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
 {
-	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, replace_bpf_fd);
-	union bpf_attr attr;
-	int ret;
-
-	memset(&attr, 0, attr_sz);
-	attr.target_fd	 = target_fd;
-	attr.attach_bpf_fd = prog_fd;
-	attr.attach_type = type;
+	return bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, target_fd, type, NULL);
+}
 
-	ret = sys_bpf(BPF_PROG_DETACH, &attr, attr_sz);
-	return libbpf_err_errno(ret);
+int bpf_prog_detach2(int prog_fd, int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type)
+{
+	return bpf_prog_detach_opts(prog_fd, target_fd, type, NULL);
 }
 
 int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
@@ -685,9 +719,9 @@ int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
 		    const struct bpf_link_create_opts *opts)
 {
 	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, link_create);
-	__u32 target_btf_id, iter_info_len;
+	__u32 target_btf_id, iter_info_len, relative_id;
+	int fd, err, relative_fd;
 	union bpf_attr attr;
-	int fd, err;
 
 	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_link_create_opts))
 		return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
@@ -749,6 +783,22 @@ int bpf_link_create(int prog_fd, int target_fd,
 		if (!OPTS_ZEROED(opts, netfilter))
 			return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
 		break;
+	case BPF_TCX_INGRESS:
+	case BPF_TCX_EGRESS:
+		relative_fd = OPTS_GET(opts, tcx.relative_fd, 0);
+		relative_id = OPTS_GET(opts, tcx.relative_id, 0);
+		if (relative_fd && relative_id)
+			return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
+		if (relative_id) {
+			attr.link_create.tcx.relative_id = relative_id;
+			attr.link_create.flags |= BPF_F_ID;
+		} else {
+			attr.link_create.tcx.relative_fd = relative_fd;
+		}
+		attr.link_create.tcx.expected_revision = OPTS_GET(opts, tcx.expected_revision, 0);
+		if (!OPTS_ZEROED(opts, tcx))
+			return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
+		break;
 	default:
 		if (!OPTS_ZEROED(opts, flags))
 			return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
@@ -841,8 +891,7 @@ int bpf_iter_create(int link_fd)
 	return libbpf_err_errno(fd);
 }
 
-int bpf_prog_query_opts(int target_fd,
-			enum bpf_attach_type type,
+int bpf_prog_query_opts(int target, enum bpf_attach_type type,
 			struct bpf_prog_query_opts *opts)
 {
 	const size_t attr_sz = offsetofend(union bpf_attr, query);
@@ -853,18 +902,20 @@ int bpf_prog_query_opts(int target_fd,
 		return libbpf_err(-EINVAL);
 
 	memset(&attr, 0, attr_sz);
-
-	attr.query.target_fd	= target_fd;
-	attr.query.attach_type	= type;
-	attr.query.query_flags	= OPTS_GET(opts, query_flags, 0);
-	attr.query.prog_cnt	= OPTS_GET(opts, prog_cnt, 0);
-	attr.query.prog_ids	= ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, prog_ids, NULL));
-	attr.query.prog_attach_flags = ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, prog_attach_flags, NULL));
+	attr.query.target_fd		= target;
+	attr.query.attach_type		= type;
+	attr.query.query_flags		= OPTS_GET(opts, query_flags, 0);
+	attr.query.count		= OPTS_GET(opts, count, 0);
+	attr.query.prog_ids		= ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, prog_ids, NULL));
+	attr.query.link_ids		= ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, link_ids, NULL));
+	attr.query.prog_attach_flags	= ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, prog_attach_flags, NULL));
+	attr.query.link_attach_flags	= ptr_to_u64(OPTS_GET(opts, link_attach_flags, NULL));
 
 	ret = sys_bpf(BPF_PROG_QUERY, &attr, attr_sz);
 
 	OPTS_SET(opts, attach_flags, attr.query.attach_flags);
-	OPTS_SET(opts, prog_cnt, attr.query.prog_cnt);
+	OPTS_SET(opts, revision, attr.query.revision);
+	OPTS_SET(opts, count, attr.query.count);
 
 	return libbpf_err_errno(ret);
 }
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h
index c676295ab9bf..044a74ffc38a 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/bpf.h
@@ -312,22 +312,68 @@ LIBBPF_API int bpf_obj_get(const char *pathname);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_obj_get_opts(const char *pathname,
 				const struct bpf_obj_get_opts *opts);
 
-struct bpf_prog_attach_opts {
-	size_t sz; /* size of this struct for forward/backward compatibility */
-	unsigned int flags;
-	int replace_prog_fd;
-};
-#define bpf_prog_attach_opts__last_field replace_prog_fd
-
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_attach(int prog_fd, int attachable_fd,
 			       enum bpf_attach_type type, unsigned int flags);
-LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_attach_opts(int prog_fd, int attachable_fd,
-				     enum bpf_attach_type type,
-				     const struct bpf_prog_attach_opts *opts);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_detach(int attachable_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_detach2(int prog_fd, int attachable_fd,
 				enum bpf_attach_type type);
 
+struct bpf_prog_attach_opts {
+	size_t sz; /* size of this struct for forward/backward compatibility */
+	__u32 flags;
+	union {
+		int replace_prog_fd;
+		int replace_fd;
+	};
+	int relative_fd;
+	__u32 relative_id;
+	__u64 expected_revision;
+	size_t :0;
+};
+#define bpf_prog_attach_opts__last_field expected_revision
+
+struct bpf_prog_detach_opts {
+	size_t sz; /* size of this struct for forward/backward compatibility */
+	__u32 flags;
+	int relative_fd;
+	__u32 relative_id;
+	__u64 expected_revision;
+	size_t :0;
+};
+#define bpf_prog_detach_opts__last_field expected_revision
+
+/**
+ * @brief **bpf_prog_attach_opts()** attaches the BPF program corresponding to
+ * *prog_fd* to a *target* which can represent a file descriptor or netdevice
+ * ifindex.
+ *
+ * @param prog_fd BPF program file descriptor
+ * @param target attach location file descriptor or ifindex
+ * @param type attach type for the BPF program
+ * @param opts options for configuring the attachment
+ * @return 0, on success; negative error code, otherwise (errno is also set to
+ * the error code)
+ */
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_attach_opts(int prog_fd, int target,
+				    enum bpf_attach_type type,
+				    const struct bpf_prog_attach_opts *opts);
+
+/**
+ * @brief **bpf_prog_detach_opts()** detaches the BPF program corresponding to
+ * *prog_fd* from a *target* which can represent a file descriptor or netdevice
+ * ifindex.
+ *
+ * @param prog_fd BPF program file descriptor
+ * @param target detach location file descriptor or ifindex
+ * @param type detach type for the BPF program
+ * @param opts options for configuring the detachment
+ * @return 0, on success; negative error code, otherwise (errno is also set to
+ * the error code)
+ */
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_detach_opts(int prog_fd, int target,
+				    enum bpf_attach_type type,
+				    const struct bpf_prog_detach_opts *opts);
+
 union bpf_iter_link_info; /* defined in up-to-date linux/bpf.h */
 struct bpf_link_create_opts {
 	size_t sz; /* size of this struct for forward/backward compatibility */
@@ -355,6 +401,11 @@ struct bpf_link_create_opts {
 			__s32 priority;
 			__u32 flags;
 		} netfilter;
+		struct {
+			__u32 relative_fd;
+			__u32 relative_id;
+			__u64 expected_revision;
+		} tcx;
 	};
 	size_t :0;
 };
@@ -495,13 +546,31 @@ struct bpf_prog_query_opts {
 	__u32 query_flags;
 	__u32 attach_flags; /* output argument */
 	__u32 *prog_ids;
-	__u32 prog_cnt; /* input+output argument */
+	union {
+		/* input+output argument */
+		__u32 prog_cnt;
+		__u32 count;
+	};
 	__u32 *prog_attach_flags;
+	__u32 *link_ids;
+	__u32 *link_attach_flags;
+	__u64 revision;
+	size_t :0;
 };
-#define bpf_prog_query_opts__last_field prog_attach_flags
+#define bpf_prog_query_opts__last_field revision
 
-LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_query_opts(int target_fd,
-				   enum bpf_attach_type type,
+/**
+ * @brief **bpf_prog_query_opts()** queries the BPF programs and BPF links
+ * which are attached to *target* which can represent a file descriptor or
+ * netdevice ifindex.
+ *
+ * @param target query location file descriptor or ifindex
+ * @param type attach type for the BPF program
+ * @param opts options for configuring the query
+ * @return 0, on success; negative error code, otherwise (errno is also set to
+ * the error code)
+ */
+LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_query_opts(int target, enum bpf_attach_type type,
 				   struct bpf_prog_query_opts *opts);
 LIBBPF_API int bpf_prog_query(int target_fd, enum bpf_attach_type type,
 			      __u32 query_flags, __u32 *attach_flags,
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
index 63311a73c16d..17883f5a44b9 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.c
@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ static const char * const attach_type_name[] = {
 	[BPF_TRACE_KPROBE_MULTI]	= "trace_kprobe_multi",
 	[BPF_STRUCT_OPS]		= "struct_ops",
 	[BPF_NETFILTER]			= "netfilter",
+	[BPF_TCX_INGRESS]		= "tcx_ingress",
+	[BPF_TCX_EGRESS]		= "tcx_egress",
 };
 
 static const char * const link_type_name[] = {
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ static const char * const link_type_name[] = {
 	[BPF_LINK_TYPE_KPROBE_MULTI]		= "kprobe_multi",
 	[BPF_LINK_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS]		= "struct_ops",
 	[BPF_LINK_TYPE_NETFILTER]		= "netfilter",
+	[BPF_LINK_TYPE_TCX]			= "tcx",
 };
 
 static const char * const map_type_name[] = {
@@ -8696,9 +8699,13 @@ static const struct bpf_sec_def section_defs[] = {
 	SEC_DEF("ksyscall+",		KPROBE,	0, SEC_NONE, attach_ksyscall),
 	SEC_DEF("kretsyscall+",		KPROBE, 0, SEC_NONE, attach_ksyscall),
 	SEC_DEF("usdt+",		KPROBE,	0, SEC_NONE, attach_usdt),
-	SEC_DEF("tc",			SCHED_CLS, 0, SEC_NONE),
-	SEC_DEF("classifier",		SCHED_CLS, 0, SEC_NONE),
-	SEC_DEF("action",		SCHED_ACT, 0, SEC_NONE),
+	SEC_DEF("tc/ingress",		SCHED_CLS, BPF_TCX_INGRESS, SEC_NONE), /* alias for tcx */
+	SEC_DEF("tc/egress",		SCHED_CLS, BPF_TCX_EGRESS, SEC_NONE),  /* alias for tcx */
+	SEC_DEF("tcx/ingress",		SCHED_CLS, BPF_TCX_INGRESS, SEC_NONE),
+	SEC_DEF("tcx/egress",		SCHED_CLS, BPF_TCX_EGRESS, SEC_NONE),
+	SEC_DEF("tc",			SCHED_CLS, 0, SEC_NONE), /* deprecated / legacy, use tcx */
+	SEC_DEF("classifier",		SCHED_CLS, 0, SEC_NONE), /* deprecated / legacy, use tcx */
+	SEC_DEF("action",		SCHED_ACT, 0, SEC_NONE), /* deprecated / legacy, use tcx */
 	SEC_DEF("tracepoint+",		TRACEPOINT, 0, SEC_NONE, attach_tp),
 	SEC_DEF("tp+",			TRACEPOINT, 0, SEC_NONE, attach_tp),
 	SEC_DEF("raw_tracepoint+",	RAW_TRACEPOINT, 0, SEC_NONE, attach_raw_tp),
@@ -11848,11 +11855,10 @@ static int attach_lsm(const struct bpf_program *prog, long cookie, struct bpf_li
 }
 
 static struct bpf_link *
-bpf_program__attach_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd, int btf_id,
-		       const char *target_name)
+bpf_program_attach_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog,
+		      int target_fd, const char *target_name,
+		      const struct bpf_link_create_opts *opts)
 {
-	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_create_opts, opts,
-			    .target_btf_id = btf_id);
 	enum bpf_attach_type attach_type;
 	char errmsg[STRERR_BUFSIZE];
 	struct bpf_link *link;
@@ -11870,7 +11876,7 @@ bpf_program__attach_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd, int btf_id
 	link->detach = &bpf_link__detach_fd;
 
 	attach_type = bpf_program__expected_attach_type(prog);
-	link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, target_fd, attach_type, &opts);
+	link_fd = bpf_link_create(prog_fd, target_fd, attach_type, opts);
 	if (link_fd < 0) {
 		link_fd = -errno;
 		free(link);
@@ -11886,19 +11892,54 @@ bpf_program__attach_fd(const struct bpf_program *prog, int target_fd, int btf_id
 struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_cgroup(const struct bpf_program *prog, int cgroup_fd)
 {
-	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, cgroup_fd, 0, "cgroup");
+	return bpf_program_attach_fd(prog, cgroup_fd, "cgroup", NULL);
 }
 
 struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_netns(const struct bpf_program *prog, int netns_fd)
 {
-	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, netns_fd, 0, "netns");
+	return bpf_program_attach_fd(prog, netns_fd, "netns", NULL);
 }
 
 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_xdp(const struct bpf_program *prog, int ifindex)
 {
 	/* target_fd/target_ifindex use the same field in LINK_CREATE */
-	return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, ifindex, 0, "xdp");
+	return bpf_program_attach_fd(prog, ifindex, "xdp", NULL);
+}
+
+struct bpf_link *
+bpf_program__attach_tcx(const struct bpf_program *prog, int ifindex,
+			const struct bpf_tcx_opts *opts)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_create_opts, link_create_opts);
+	__u32 relative_id;
+	int relative_fd;
+
+	if (!OPTS_VALID(opts, bpf_tcx_opts))
+		return libbpf_err_ptr(-EINVAL);
+
+	relative_id = OPTS_GET(opts, relative_id, 0);
+	relative_fd = OPTS_GET(opts, relative_fd, 0);
+
+	/* validate we don't have unexpected combinations of non-zero fields */
+	if (!ifindex) {
+		pr_warn("prog '%s': target netdevice ifindex cannot be zero\n",
+			prog->name);
+		return libbpf_err_ptr(-EINVAL);
+	}
+	if (relative_fd && relative_id) {
+		pr_warn("prog '%s': relative_fd and relative_id cannot be set at the same time\n",
+			prog->name);
+		return libbpf_err_ptr(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	link_create_opts.tcx.expected_revision = OPTS_GET(opts, expected_revision, 0);
+	link_create_opts.tcx.relative_fd = relative_fd;
+	link_create_opts.tcx.relative_id = relative_id;
+	link_create_opts.flags = OPTS_GET(opts, flags, 0);
+
+	/* target_fd/target_ifindex use the same field in LINK_CREATE */
+	return bpf_program_attach_fd(prog, ifindex, "tcx", &link_create_opts);
 }
 
 struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_freplace(const struct bpf_program *prog,
@@ -11920,11 +11961,16 @@ struct bpf_link *bpf_program__attach_freplace(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 	}
 
 	if (target_fd) {
+		LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_link_create_opts, target_opts);
+
 		btf_id = libbpf_find_prog_btf_id(attach_func_name, target_fd);
 		if (btf_id < 0)
 			return libbpf_err_ptr(btf_id);
 
-		return bpf_program__attach_fd(prog, target_fd, btf_id, "freplace");
+		target_opts.target_btf_id = btf_id;
+
+		return bpf_program_attach_fd(prog, target_fd, "freplace",
+					     &target_opts);
 	} else {
 		/* no target, so use raw_tracepoint_open for compatibility
 		 * with old kernels
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
index 674e5788eb10..55b97b208754 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.h
@@ -733,6 +733,21 @@ LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
 bpf_program__attach_netfilter(const struct bpf_program *prog,
 			      const struct bpf_netfilter_opts *opts);
 
+struct bpf_tcx_opts {
+	/* size of this struct, for forward/backward compatibility */
+	size_t sz;
+	__u32 flags;
+	__u32 relative_fd;
+	__u32 relative_id;
+	__u64 expected_revision;
+	size_t :0;
+};
+#define bpf_tcx_opts__last_field expected_revision
+
+LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *
+bpf_program__attach_tcx(const struct bpf_program *prog, int ifindex,
+			const struct bpf_tcx_opts *opts);
+
 struct bpf_map;
 
 LIBBPF_API struct bpf_link *bpf_map__attach_struct_ops(const struct bpf_map *map);
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
index d9ec4407befa..9c7538dd5835 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf.map
@@ -395,5 +395,7 @@ LIBBPF_1.2.0 {
 LIBBPF_1.3.0 {
 	global:
 		bpf_obj_pin_opts;
+		bpf_prog_detach_opts;
 		bpf_program__attach_netfilter;
+		bpf_program__attach_tcx;
 } LIBBPF_1.2.0;
diff --git a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf_common.h b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf_common.h
index 9a7937f339df..b7060f254486 100644
--- a/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf_common.h
+++ b/tools/lib/bpf/libbpf_common.h
@@ -70,4 +70,20 @@
 		};							    \
 	})
 
+/* Helper macro to clear and optionally reinitialize libbpf options struct
+ *
+ * Small helper macro to reset all fields and to reinitialize the common
+ * structure size member. Values provided by users in struct initializer-
+ * syntax as varargs can be provided as well to reinitialize options struct
+ * specific members.
+ */
+#define LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(NAME, ...)					    \
+	do {								    \
+		memset(&NAME, 0, sizeof(NAME));				    \
+		NAME = (typeof(NAME)) {					    \
+			.sz = sizeof(NAME),				    \
+			__VA_ARGS__					    \
+		};							    \
+	} while (0)
+
 #endif /* __LIBBPF_LIBBPF_COMMON_H */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_helpers.h b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6c93215be8a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Isovalent */
+#ifndef TC_HELPERS
+#define TC_HELPERS
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+static inline __u32 id_from_prog_fd(int fd)
+{
+	struct bpf_prog_info prog_info = {};
+	__u32 prog_info_len = sizeof(prog_info);
+	int err;
+
+	err = bpf_obj_get_info_by_fd(fd, &prog_info, &prog_info_len);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "id_from_prog_fd"))
+		return 0;
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(prog_info.id, 0, "prog_info.id");
+	return prog_info.id;
+}
+
+static inline __u32 id_from_link_fd(int fd)
+{
+	struct bpf_link_info link_info = {};
+	__u32 link_info_len = sizeof(link_info);
+	int err;
+
+	err = bpf_link_get_info_by_fd(fd, &link_info, &link_info_len);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "id_from_link_fd"))
+		return 0;
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(link_info.id, 0, "link_info.id");
+	return link_info.id;
+}
+
+static inline __u32 ifindex_from_link_fd(int fd)
+{
+	struct bpf_link_info link_info = {};
+	__u32 link_info_len = sizeof(link_info);
+	int err;
+
+	err = bpf_link_get_info_by_fd(fd, &link_info, &link_info_len);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "id_from_link_fd"))
+		return 0;
+
+	return link_info.tcx.ifindex;
+}
+
+static inline void __assert_mprog_count(int target, int expected, bool miniq, int ifindex)
+{
+	__u32 count = 0, attach_flags = 0;
+	int err;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query(ifindex, target, 0, &attach_flags,
+			     NULL, &count);
+	ASSERT_EQ(count, expected, "count");
+	if (!expected && !miniq)
+		ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_query");
+	else
+		ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_query");
+}
+
+static inline void assert_mprog_count(int target, int expected)
+{
+	__assert_mprog_count(target, expected, false, loopback);
+}
+
+static inline void assert_mprog_count_ifindex(int ifindex, int target, int expected)
+{
+	__assert_mprog_count(target, expected, false, ifindex);
+}
+
+#endif /* TC_HELPERS */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_links.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_links.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81eea5f10742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_links.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1583 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Isovalent */
+#include <uapi/linux/if_link.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+#define loopback 1
+#define ping_cmd "ping -q -c1 -w1 127.0.0.1 > /dev/null"
+
+#include "test_tc_link.skel.h"
+#include "tc_helpers.h"
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_basic(void)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 prog_ids[2], link_ids[2];
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, lid1, lid2;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 0);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, false, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 1);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, BPF_TCX_INGRESS, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 2, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], 0, "link_ids[1]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+	ASSERT_NEQ(lid1, lid2, "link_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 1);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, BPF_TCX_EGRESS, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 2, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid2, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], 0, "link_ids[1]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 0);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_before_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 prog_ids[5], link_ids[5];
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4;
+	__u32 lid1, lid2, lid3, lid4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc4, target),
+		  0, "tc4_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+	pid4 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid3, pid4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid2, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "link_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc3 = link;
+
+	lid3 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc3));
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_id = lid1,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc4, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc4 = link;
+
+	lid4 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc4));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid4, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid4, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid1, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], pid3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], lid3, "link_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], pid2, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[3], lid2, "link_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[4], 0, "link_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_before(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_before_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_before_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_after_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 prog_ids[5], link_ids[5];
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4;
+	__u32 lid1, lid2, lid3, lid4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc4, target),
+		  0, "tc4_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+	pid4 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid3, pid4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid2, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "link_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc3 = link;
+
+	lid3 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc3));
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER | BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc4, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc4 = link;
+
+	lid4 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc4));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid3, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], pid2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], lid2, "link_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], pid4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[3], lid4, "link_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[4], 0, "link_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_after(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_after_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_after_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_revision_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 prog_ids[3], link_ids[3];
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, lid1, lid2;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	optl.expected_revision = 1;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	optl.expected_revision = 1;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	optl.expected_revision = 2;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid2, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_revision(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_revision_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_revision_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_chain_classic(int target, bool chain_tc_old)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tc_opts, tc_opts, .handle = 1, .priority = 1);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tc_hook, tc_hook, .ifindex = loopback);
+	bool hook_created = false, tc_attached = false;
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	if (chain_tc_old) {
+		tc_hook.attach_point = target == BPF_TCX_INGRESS ?
+				       BPF_TC_INGRESS : BPF_TC_EGRESS;
+		err = bpf_tc_hook_create(&tc_hook);
+		if (err == 0)
+			hook_created = true;
+		err = err == -EEXIST ? 0 : err;
+		if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_tc_hook_create"))
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		tc_opts.prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+		err = bpf_tc_attach(&tc_hook, &tc_opts);
+		if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_tc_attach"))
+			goto cleanup;
+		tc_attached = true;
+	}
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, chain_tc_old, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	err = bpf_link__detach(skel->links.tc2);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, chain_tc_old, "seen_tc3");
+cleanup:
+	if (tc_attached) {
+		tc_opts.flags = tc_opts.prog_fd = tc_opts.prog_id = 0;
+		err = bpf_tc_detach(&tc_hook, &tc_opts);
+		ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_tc_detach");
+	}
+	if (hook_created) {
+		tc_hook.attach_point = BPF_TC_INGRESS | BPF_TC_EGRESS;
+		bpf_tc_hook_destroy(&tc_hook);
+	}
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_chain_classic(void)
+{
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, false);
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, false);
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, true);
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, true);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_replace_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, lid1, lid2;
+	__u32 prog_ids[4], link_ids[4];
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	optl.expected_revision = 1;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_id = pid1,
+		.expected_revision = 2,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid2, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid1, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "link_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+		.expected_revision = 3,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE | BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2),
+		.expected_revision = 3,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE | BPF_F_LINK | BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_id = lid2,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	err = bpf_link__update_program(skel->links.tc2, skel->progs.tc3);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "link_update"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 4, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid3, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid2, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid1, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "link_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	err = bpf_link__detach(skel->links.tc2);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "link_detach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], 0, "link_ids[1]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	err = bpf_link__update_program(skel->links.tc1, skel->progs.tc1);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "link_update_self"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], 0, "link_ids[1]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_replace(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_replace_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_replace_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_invalid_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, lid1;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	optl.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_AFTER;
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_ID,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER | BPF_F_ID,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_ID,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_LINK,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = pid2,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = 42,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, 0, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER | BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER | BPF_F_LINK,
+		.relative_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_LINK | BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = ~0,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_LINK | BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = lid1,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = pid1,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_ERR_PTR(link, "link_attach_should_fail")) {
+		bpf_link__destroy(link);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_LINK | BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = lid1,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_invalid(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_invalid_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_invalid_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_prepend_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 prog_ids[5], link_ids[5];
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4;
+	__u32 lid1, lid2, lid3, lid4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc4, target),
+		  0, "tc4_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+	pid4 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid3, pid4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid2, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid1, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "link_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc3 = link;
+
+	lid3 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc3));
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc4, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc4 = link;
+
+	lid4 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc4));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid4, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid4, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid3, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], pid2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], lid2, "link_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], pid1, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[3], lid1, "link_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[4], 0, "link_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_prepend(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_prepend_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_prepend_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_append_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 prog_ids[5], link_ids[5];
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4;
+	__u32 lid1, lid2, lid3, lid4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc4, target),
+		  0, "tc4_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+	pid4 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid3, pid4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	lid1 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid2, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], 0, "link_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc3 = link;
+
+	lid3 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc3));
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optl,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc4, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc4 = link;
+
+	lid4 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc4));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], lid1, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid2, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], pid3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], lid3, "link_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], pid4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[3], lid4, "link_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[4], 0, "link_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_append(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_append_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_append_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_links_dev_cleanup_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err, ifindex;
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link add dev tcx_opts1 type veth peer name tcx_opts2"), "add veth");
+	ifindex = if_nametoindex("tcx_opts1");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(ifindex, 0, "non_zero_ifindex");
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc4, target),
+		  0, "tc4_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+	pid4 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid3, pid4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc1, ifindex, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc1 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 1);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, ifindex, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 2);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc3, ifindex, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc3 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 3);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc4, ifindex, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	skel->links.tc4 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 4);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link del dev tcx_opts1"), "del veth");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts1"), 0, "dev1_removed");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts2"), 0, "dev2_removed");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(ifindex_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc1)), 0, "tc1_ifindex");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ifindex_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2)), 0, "tc2_ifindex");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ifindex_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc3)), 0, "tc3_ifindex");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ifindex_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc4)), 0, "tc4_ifindex");
+
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	return;
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link del dev tcx_opts1"), "del veth");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts1"), 0, "dev1_removed");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts2"), 0, "dev2_removed");
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_links_dev_cleanup(void)
+{
+	test_tc_links_dev_cleanup_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_links_dev_cleanup_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_opts.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_opts.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..7914100f9b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/tc_opts.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2239 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Isovalent */
+#include <uapi/linux/if_link.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <test_progs.h>
+
+#define loopback 1
+#define ping_cmd "ping -q -c1 -w1 127.0.0.1 > /dev/null"
+
+#include "test_tc_link.skel.h"
+#include "tc_helpers.h"
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_basic(void)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, id1, id2;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[2];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 0);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, false, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, BPF_TCX_INGRESS, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 1);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, BPF_TCX_INGRESS, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_in;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 2, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, BPF_TCX_EGRESS, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_in;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 1);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, BPF_TCX_EGRESS, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_eg;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 2, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+
+cleanup_eg:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, BPF_TCX_EGRESS, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach_eg");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 1);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+
+cleanup_in:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, BPF_TCX_INGRESS, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach_in");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, 0);
+	assert_mprog_count(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_before_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 4, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_id = id1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id4, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id2, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+
+cleanup_target4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+cleanup_target3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup_target2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup_target:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_before(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_before_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_before_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_after_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 4, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_id = id2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+
+cleanup_target4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 6, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+
+cleanup_target3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 7, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+cleanup_target2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 8, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+
+cleanup_target:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_after(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_after_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_after_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_revision_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, id1, id2;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[3];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.expected_revision = 1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.expected_revision = 1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, -ESTALE, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.expected_revision = 2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.expected_revision = 2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ESTALE, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup_target2:
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.expected_revision = 3,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup_target:
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_revision(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_revision_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_revision_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_chain_classic(int target, bool chain_tc_old)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tc_opts, tc_opts, .handle = 1, .priority = 1);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tc_hook, tc_hook, .ifindex = loopback);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	bool hook_created = false, tc_attached = false;
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, id1, id2, id3;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	if (chain_tc_old) {
+		tc_hook.attach_point = target == BPF_TCX_INGRESS ?
+				       BPF_TC_INGRESS : BPF_TC_EGRESS;
+		err = bpf_tc_hook_create(&tc_hook);
+		if (err == 0)
+			hook_created = true;
+		err = err == -EEXIST ? 0 : err;
+		if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_tc_hook_create"))
+			goto cleanup;
+
+		tc_opts.prog_fd = fd3;
+		err = bpf_tc_attach(&tc_hook, &tc_opts);
+		if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_tc_attach"))
+			goto cleanup;
+		tc_attached = true;
+	}
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_detach;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, chain_tc_old, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach"))
+		goto cleanup_detach;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, chain_tc_old, "seen_tc3");
+
+cleanup_detach:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	__assert_mprog_count(target, 0, chain_tc_old, loopback);
+cleanup:
+	if (tc_attached) {
+		tc_opts.flags = tc_opts.prog_fd = tc_opts.prog_id = 0;
+		err = bpf_tc_detach(&tc_hook, &tc_opts);
+		ASSERT_OK(err, "bpf_tc_detach");
+	}
+	if (hook_created) {
+		tc_hook.attach_point = BPF_TC_INGRESS | BPF_TC_EGRESS;
+		bpf_tc_hook_destroy(&tc_hook);
+	}
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_chain_classic(void)
+{
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, false);
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, false);
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_INGRESS, true);
+	test_tc_chain_classic(BPF_TCX_EGRESS, true);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_replace_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, id1, id2, id3, detach_fd;
+	__u32 prog_ids[4], prog_flags[4];
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.expected_revision = 1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_id = id1,
+		.expected_revision = 2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	detach_fd = fd2;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_attach_flags = prog_flags;
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_flags, 0, sizeof(prog_flags));
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[0], 0, "prog_flags[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[1], 0, "prog_flags[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[2], 0, "prog_flags[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = fd2,
+		.expected_revision = 3,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	detach_fd = fd3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 4, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id3, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, false, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+
+	skel->bss->seen_tc1 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc2 = false;
+	skel->bss->seen_tc3 = false;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE | BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = fd3,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+		.expected_revision = 4,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	detach_fd = fd2;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = fd2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE | BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.replace_prog_fd = fd2,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+		.expected_revision = 5,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_AFTER | BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = fd2,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+		.expected_revision = 5,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_id = id1,
+		.expected_revision = 5,
+	);
+
+cleanup_target2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(detach_fd, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup_target:
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_replace(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_replace_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_replace_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_invalid_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, id1, id2;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_ID,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER | BPF_F_ID,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.relative_fd = fd2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EINVAL, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE | BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_ID,
+		.relative_id = id2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EINVAL, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EINVAL, "prog_attach_x1");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_invalid(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_invalid_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_invalid_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_prepend_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id1, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id4, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id2, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id1, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+
+cleanup_target4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+cleanup_target3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup_target2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup_target:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_prepend(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_prepend_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_prepend_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_append_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 3, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, false, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, false, "seen_tc4");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target2;
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup_target3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup_target4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc1, true, "seen_tc1");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc2, true, "seen_tc2");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc3, true, "seen_tc3");
+	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->seen_tc4, true, "seen_tc4");
+
+cleanup_target4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+cleanup_target3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup_target2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup_target:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_append(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_append_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_append_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_dev_cleanup_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	int err, ifindex;
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link add dev tcx_opts1 type veth peer name tcx_opts2"), "add veth");
+	ifindex = if_nametoindex("tcx_opts1");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(ifindex, 0, "non_zero_ifindex");
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, ifindex, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, ifindex, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 2);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, ifindex, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup2;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 3);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, ifindex, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 4);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link del dev tcx_opts1"), "del veth");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts1"), 0, "dev1_removed");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts2"), 0, "dev2_removed");
+	return;
+cleanup3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 2);
+cleanup2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 1);
+cleanup1:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count_ifindex(ifindex, target, 0);
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system("ip link del dev tcx_opts1"), "del veth");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts1"), 0, "dev1_removed");
+	ASSERT_EQ(if_nametoindex("tcx_opts2"), 0, "dev2_removed");
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_dev_cleanup(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_dev_cleanup_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_dev_cleanup_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_mixed_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	__u32 pid1, pid2, pid3, pid4, lid2, lid4;
+	__u32 prog_flags[4], link_flags[4];
+	__u32 prog_ids[4], link_ids[4];
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	int err, detach_fd;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc3, target),
+		  0, "tc3_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc4, target),
+		  0, "tc4_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	pid3 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3));
+	pid4 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4));
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid3, pid4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid2, pid3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	detach_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	lid2 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc2));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EBUSY, "prog_attach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+
+	detach_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc4, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+	skel->links.tc4 = link;
+
+	lid4 = id_from_link_fd(bpf_link__fd(skel->links.tc4));
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(opta,
+		.flags = BPF_F_REPLACE,
+		.replace_prog_fd = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4),
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EEXIST, "prog_attach");
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+	optq.prog_attach_flags = prog_flags;
+	optq.link_ids = link_ids;
+	optq.link_attach_flags = link_flags;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	memset(prog_flags, 0, sizeof(prog_flags));
+	memset(link_ids, 0, sizeof(link_ids));
+	memset(link_flags, 0, sizeof(link_flags));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], pid3, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[0], 0, "prog_flags[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[0], 0, "link_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_attach_flags[0], 0, "link_flags[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], pid2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[1], 0, "prog_flags[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[1], lid2, "link_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_attach_flags[1], 0, "link_flags[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], pid4, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[2], 0, "prog_flags[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[2], lid4, "link_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_attach_flags[2], 0, "link_flags[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_attach_flags[3], 0, "prog_flags[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_ids[3], 0, "link_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.link_attach_flags[3], 0, "link_flags[3]");
+
+	ASSERT_OK(system(ping_cmd), ping_cmd);
+
+cleanup1:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(detach_fd, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_mixed(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_mixed_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_mixed_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_demixed_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_tcx_opts, optl);
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	struct bpf_link *link;
+	__u32 pid1, pid2;
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc1, target),
+		  0, "tc1_attach_type");
+	ASSERT_EQ(bpf_program__set_expected_attach_type(skel->progs.tc2, target),
+		  0, "tc2_attach_type");
+
+	err = test_tc_link__load(skel);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	pid1 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1));
+	pid2 = id_from_prog_fd(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2));
+	ASSERT_NEQ(pid1, pid2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+				   loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	link = bpf_program__attach_tcx(skel->progs.tc2, loopback, &optl);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(link, "link_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+	skel->links.tc2 = link;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -EBUSY, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+	goto cleanup;
+
+cleanup1:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1),
+				   loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_demixed(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_demixed_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_demixed_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_detach_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup2;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 6, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id4, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 7, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_detach");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_detach");
+	goto cleanup;
+
+cleanup4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+cleanup3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup1:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_detach(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_detach_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_detach_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_detach_before_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup2;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 6, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id2, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id4, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd2,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd4,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd3,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 7, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id3, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id4, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+		.relative_fd = fd4,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 8, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id4, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_BEFORE,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+	goto cleanup;
+
+cleanup4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+cleanup3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup1:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_detach_before(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_detach_before_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_detach_before_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
+
+static void test_tc_opts_detach_after_target(int target)
+{
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_attach_opts, opta);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_detach_opts, optd);
+	LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_prog_query_opts, optq);
+	__u32 fd1, fd2, fd3, fd4, id1, id2, id3, id4;
+	struct test_tc_link *skel;
+	__u32 prog_ids[5];
+	int err;
+
+	skel = test_tc_link__open_and_load();
+	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_load"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	fd1 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc1);
+	fd2 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc2);
+	fd3 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc3);
+	fd4 = bpf_program__fd(skel->progs.tc4);
+
+	id1 = id_from_prog_fd(fd1);
+	id2 = id_from_prog_fd(fd2);
+	id3 = id_from_prog_fd(fd3);
+	id4 = id_from_prog_fd(fd4);
+
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id1, id2, "prog_ids_1_2");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id3, id4, "prog_ids_3_4");
+	ASSERT_NEQ(id2, id3, "prog_ids_2_3");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup1;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup2;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_attach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &opta);
+	if (!ASSERT_EQ(err, 0, "prog_attach"))
+		goto cleanup3;
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 4);
+
+	optq.prog_ids = prog_ids;
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 4, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 5, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id2, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id3, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], id4, "prog_ids[3]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[4], 0, "prog_ids[4]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 3, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 6, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id3, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], id4, "prog_ids[2]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[3], 0, "prog_ids[3]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ENOENT, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd4,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd3,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, -ERANGE, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 2, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 7, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], id4, "prog_ids[1]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[2], 0, "prog_ids[2]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+		.relative_fd = fd1,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+	memset(prog_ids, 0, sizeof(prog_ids));
+	optq.count = ARRAY_SIZE(prog_ids);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_query_opts(loopback, target, &optq);
+	if (!ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_query"))
+		goto cleanup4;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.count, 1, "count");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.revision, 8, "revision");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[0], id1, "prog_ids[0]");
+	ASSERT_EQ(optq.prog_ids[1], 0, "prog_ids[1]");
+
+	LIBBPF_OPTS_RESET(optd,
+		.flags = BPF_F_AFTER,
+	);
+
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(0, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+	goto cleanup;
+
+cleanup4:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd4, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 3);
+
+cleanup3:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd3, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 2);
+
+cleanup2:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd2, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 1);
+
+cleanup1:
+	err = bpf_prog_detach_opts(fd1, loopback, target, &optd);
+	ASSERT_OK(err, "prog_detach");
+	assert_mprog_count(target, 0);
+
+cleanup:
+	test_tc_link__destroy(skel);
+}
+
+void serial_test_tc_opts_detach_after(void)
+{
+	test_tc_opts_detach_after_target(BPF_TCX_INGRESS);
+	test_tc_opts_detach_after_target(BPF_TCX_EGRESS);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_tc_link.c b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_tc_link.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ed1fd0e9cee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/test_tc_link.c
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Isovalent */
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <bpf/bpf_helpers.h>
+
+char LICENSE[] SEC("license") = "GPL";
+
+bool seen_tc1;
+bool seen_tc2;
+bool seen_tc3;
+bool seen_tc4;
+
+SEC("tc/ingress")
+int tc1(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	seen_tc1 = true;
+	return TCX_NEXT;
+}
+
+SEC("tc/egress")
+int tc2(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	seen_tc2 = true;
+	return TCX_NEXT;
+}
+
+SEC("tc/egress")
+int tc3(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	seen_tc3 = true;
+	return TCX_NEXT;
+}
+
+SEC("tc/egress")
+int tc4(struct __sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	seen_tc4 = true;
+	return TCX_NEXT;
+}